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Iacobucci S, De Cicco R, Michetti F, Palumbo R, Pagliaro S. Deepfakes Unmasked: The Effects of Information Priming and Bullshit Receptivity on Deepfake Recognition and Sharing Intention. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 2021; 24:194-202. [PMID: 33646046 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2020.0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The study aims to test whether simple priming of deepfake (DF) information significantly increases users' ability to recognize DF media. Although undoubtedly fascinating from a technological point of view, these highly realistic artificial intelligent (AI)-generated fake videos hold high deceptive potential. Both practitioners and institutions are thus joining forces to develop debunking strategies to counter the spread of such difficult-to-recognize and potentially misleading video content. On this premise, this study addresses the following research questions: does simple priming with the definition of DFs and information about their potentially harmful applications increase users' ability to recognize DFs? Does bullshit receptivity, as an individual tendency to be overly accepting of epistemically suspect beliefs, moderate the relationship between such priming and DF recognition? Results indicate that the development of strategies to counter the deceitfulness of DFs from an educational and cultural perspective might work well, but only for people with a lower susceptibility to believe willfully misleading claims. Finally, through a serial mediation analysis, we show that DF recognition does, in turn, negatively impact users' sharing intention, thus limiting the potential harm of DFs at the very root of one of their strengths: virality. We discuss the implications of our finding that society's defense against DFs could benefit from a simple reasoned digital literacy intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Iacobucci
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,European Capital Markets Cooperative Research Centre, Chieti, Italy
| | - Roberta De Cicco
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Católica Porto Business School, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francesca Michetti
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Riccardo Palumbo
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,European Capital Markets Cooperative Research Centre, Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefano Pagliaro
- Group Processes and Morality Lab, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Barattucci M, Teresi M, Pietroni D, Iacobucci S, Lo Presti A, Pagliaro S. Ethical Climate(s), Distributed Leadership, and Work Outcomes: The Mediating Role of Organizational Identification. Front Psychol 2021; 11:564112. [PMID: 33613349 PMCID: PMC7889511 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.564112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Organizational identification (OI) has increasingly attracted scholarly attention as a key factor in understanding organizational processes and in fostering efficient human resource (HR) management. Available evidence shows that organizational ethical climate crucially predicts OI, a key determinant of both employees’ attitudes and behaviors. In the present paper, we examined the relationship between two specific ethical climates (self-interest vs. friendship), distributed leadership (DL), and employees’ attitudes and behaviors, incorporating OI as a core underlying mechanism driving these relationships. Three hundred and forty-two employees filled out questionnaires to examine ethical climate, DL, OI, and a series of measures concerning attitudes and behaviors toward the organization. Structural equation modeling confirmed that a perception of an ethical climate of friendship (but not self-interest) fostered OI, which elicited higher commitment, perceived trust and recommendation, and lower turnover intention. Perception of DL further contributed to increasing OI. Our findings suggest that HR practices should carefully consider employee perceptions of a collectivistic (vs. individualistic) ethical climate, together with perceptions of DL, as key determinants of positive organizational outcomes. We discuss results in light of the social identity approach and present practical implications for HR management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Teresi
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University of Studies G. d'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Davide Pietroni
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University of Studies G. d'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Serena Iacobucci
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University of Studies G. d'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessandro Lo Presti
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Stefano Pagliaro
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University of Studies G. d'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Gotter R, Verna A, Sbroscia M, Moroni R, Bisio F, Iacobucci S, Offi F, Vaidya SR, Ruocco A, Stefani G. Unexpectedly Large Electron Correlation Measured in Auger Spectra of Ferromagnetic Iron Thin Films: Orbital-Selected Coulomb and Exchange Contributions. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:067202. [PMID: 32845695 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.067202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A set of electron-correlation energies as large as 10 eV have been measured for a magnetic 2 ML Fe film deposited on Ag(001). By exploiting the spin selectivity in angle-resolved Auger-photoelectron coincidence spectroscopy and the Cini-Sawatzky theory, the core-valence-valence Auger spectrum of a spin-polarized system have been resolved: correlation energies have been determined for each individual combination of the two holes created in the four subbands involved in the decay: majority and minority spin, as well as e_{g} and t_{2g}. The energy difference between final states with parallel and antiparallel spin of the two emitted electrons is ascribed to the spin-flip energy for the final ion state, thus disentangling the contributions of Coulomb and exchange interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gotter
- CNR-IOM, Istituto Officina dei Materiali, c/o Area Science Park, SS14 km 163,5 I-34149 Basovizza-Trieste, Italy
| | - A Verna
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, I-00146 Rome, Italy
| | - M Sbroscia
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, I-00146 Rome, Italy
| | - R Moroni
- CNR-SPIN, Corso Perrone 24, I-16152 Genova, Italy
| | - F Bisio
- CNR-SPIN, Corso Perrone 24, I-16152 Genova, Italy
| | - S Iacobucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, I-00146 Rome, Italy
- CNR-ISM, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - F Offi
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, I-00146 Rome, Italy
| | - S R Vaidya
- CNR-IOM, Istituto Officina dei Materiali, c/o Area Science Park, SS14 km 163,5 I-34149 Basovizza-Trieste, Italy
- Scuola di Dottorato in Nanotecnologie, Università di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - A Ruocco
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, I-00146 Rome, Italy
| | - G Stefani
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, I-00146 Rome, Italy
- CNR-ISM, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
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Zhang KHL, Egdell RG, Offi F, Iacobucci S, Petaccia L, Gorovikov S, King PDC. Microscopic origin of electron accumulation in In2O3. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:056803. [PMID: 23414041 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.056803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy reveals the presence of a two-dimensional electron gas at the surface of In(2)O(3)(111). Quantized subband states arise within a confining potential well associated with surface electron accumulation. Coupled Poisson-Schrödinger calculations suggest that downward band bending for the conduction band must be much bigger than band bending in the valence band. Surface oxygen vacancies acting as doubly ionized shallow donors are shown to provide the free electrons within this accumulation layer. Identification of the origin of electron accumulation in transparent conducting oxides has significant implications in the realization of devices based on these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H L Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
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Offi F, Iacobucci S, Petaccia L, Gorovikov S, Vilmercati P, Rizzo A, Ruocco A, Goldoni A, Stefani G, Panaccione G. The attenuation length of low energy electrons in Yb. J Phys Condens Matter 2010; 22:305002. [PMID: 21399353 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/30/305002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectron emission spectra in a photon energy range between 7.5 and 21 eV are measured for in situ grown polycrystalline Yb films. By comparing bulk and surface core level shifted 4f components we give an estimation of the effective attenuation length (EAL) for low energy (6-20 eV) electrons in Yb, establishing a moderate increase of the EAL upon electron energy decrease. The experimental EAL data are found to be a factor of four smaller than those predicted from the so-called 'universal curve'.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Offi
- CNISM and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università Roma Tre, Rome, Italy.
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Abstract
An efficient synthesis of tri-, tetra-, and pentasaccharide cyclic phosphates 1-5, structurally related to natural inositol phosphate glycans, is reported. The title compounds were assembled by PhSeOTf-promoted glycosylation of the known glucosamine precursor, t-butyldimethylsilyl 2-azido-3,6-di-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside (8) with protected 1-methylthio mono-, di-, and trimannosides 7a-c, and, after conversion into glycosyl fluorides, Cp2ZrCl2- AgOTf-promoted glycosylation of differentially protected optically pure 1D-myo-inositol 11. The syntheses were completed by installing the cyclic phosphate moieties with methylpyridinium dichlorophosphate and finally, removal of all protecting groups by dissolving-metal reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Jaworek
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- S Iacobucci
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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Iacobucci S, Marassi L, Camilloni R, Nannarone S, Stefani G. Reflection (e,2e) spectroscopy on surfaces. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1995; 51:10252-10255. [PMID: 9977717 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.10252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Curró G, Cosso R, Sancrotti M, Duó L, D'Addato S, Nannarone S, Iacobucci S, Panaccione G, Weightman P. Synchrotron-radiation investigation of the chemical dependence of the vacancy-satellite structure of the Ni L3VV spectra in Ni silicides. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1992; 46:15652-15659. [PMID: 10003705 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.46.15652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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