1
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Villegas-Aguilar L, Polino E, Ghafari F, Quintino MT, Laverick KT, Berkman IR, Rogge S, Shalm LK, Tischler N, Cavalcanti EG, Slussarenko S, Pryde GJ. Nonlocality activation in a photonic quantum network. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3112. [PMID: 38600084 PMCID: PMC11006907 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47354-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bell nonlocality refers to correlations between two distant, entangled particles that challenge classical notions of local causality. Beyond its foundational significance, nonlocality is crucial for device-independent technologies like quantum key distribution and randomness generation. Nonlocality quickly deteriorates in the presence of noise, and restoring nonlocal correlations requires additional resources. These often come in the form of many instances of the input state and joint measurements, incurring a significant resource overhead. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that single copies of Bell-local states, incapable of violating any standard Bell inequality, can give rise to nonlocality after being embedded into a quantum network of multiple parties. We subject the initial entangled state to a quantum channel that broadcasts part of the state to two independent receivers and certify the nonlocality in the resulting network by violating a tailored Bell-like inequality. We obtain these results without making any assumptions about the prepared states, the quantum channel, or the validity of quantum theory. Our findings have fundamental implications for nonlocality and enable the practical use of nonlocal correlations in real-world applications, even in scenarios dominated by noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Villegas-Aguilar
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Griffith University, Yuggera Country, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Emanuele Polino
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Griffith University, Yuggera Country, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Farzad Ghafari
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Griffith University, Yuggera Country, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | | | - Kiarn T Laverick
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Yugambeh Country, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - Ian R Berkman
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Sven Rogge
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Lynden K Shalm
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Nora Tischler
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Griffith University, Yuggera Country, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia.
| | - Eric G Cavalcanti
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Yugambeh Country, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia.
| | - Sergei Slussarenko
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Griffith University, Yuggera Country, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Geoff J Pryde
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Griffith University, Yuggera Country, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
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2
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Santamaria Amato L, Pallotti DK, Siciliani de Cumis M, Dequal D, Andrisani A, Slussarenko S. Testing the speed of "spooky action at a distance" in a tabletop experiment. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8201. [PMID: 37211561 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35280-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonlocality, probably the principal friction between Quantum Physics and Relativity, disturbed the physicists even more than realism since it looks to originate superluminal signalling, the Einsteinian "Spooky action at a distance". From 2000 on, several tests to set lower bounds of the Spooky action at a distance velocity ([Formula: see text]) have been performed. They are usually based on a Bell Test performed in km long and carefully balanced experimental setups to fix a more and more improved bound making some assumptions dictated by the experimental conditions. By exploiting advances in quantum technologies, we performed a Bell's test with an improved bound in a tabletop experiment of the order of few minutes, thus being able to control parameters otherwise uncontrollable in an extended setup or in long lasting experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Santamaria Amato
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Centro Spaziale Matera, Contrada Terlecchia snc., 75100, Matera, Italy.
| | - Deborah Katia Pallotti
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Centro Spaziale Matera, Contrada Terlecchia snc., 75100, Matera, Italy
| | - Mario Siciliani de Cumis
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Centro Spaziale Matera, Contrada Terlecchia snc., 75100, Matera, Italy
| | - Daniele Dequal
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Centro Spaziale Matera, Contrada Terlecchia snc., 75100, Matera, Italy
| | - Andrea Andrisani
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Centro Spaziale Matera, Contrada Terlecchia snc., 75100, Matera, Italy
| | - Sergei Slussarenko
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Griffith University, Brisbane, QL, 4111, Australia
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3
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Tischler N, Ghafari F, Baker TJ, Slussarenko S, Patel RB, Weston MM, Wollmann S, Shalm LK, Verma VB, Nam SW, Nguyen HC, Wiseman HM, Pryde GJ. Conclusive Experimental Demonstration of One-Way Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Steering. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:100401. [PMID: 30240270 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.100401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering is a quantum phenomenon wherein one party influences, or steers, the state of a distant party's particle beyond what could be achieved with a separable state, by making measurements on one-half of an entangled state. This type of quantum nonlocality stands out through its asymmetric setting and even allows for cases where one party can steer the other but where the reverse is not true. A series of experiments have demonstrated one-way steering in the past, but all were based on significant limiting assumptions. These consisted either of restrictions on the type of allowed measurements or of assumptions about the quantum state at hand, by mapping to a specific family of states and analyzing the ideal target state rather than the real experimental state. Here, we present the first experimental demonstration of one-way steering free of such assumptions. We achieve this using a new sufficient condition for nonsteerability and, although not required by our analysis, using a novel source of extremely high-quality photonic Werner states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Tischler
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology (Australian Research Council), Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Farzad Ghafari
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology (Australian Research Council), Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Travis J Baker
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology (Australian Research Council), Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Sergei Slussarenko
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology (Australian Research Council), Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Raj B Patel
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology (Australian Research Council), Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology (Australian Research Council), Quantum Photonics Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Morgan M Weston
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology (Australian Research Council), Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Sabine Wollmann
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology (Australian Research Council), Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1FD, United Kingdom
| | - Lynden K Shalm
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Varun B Verma
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Sae Woo Nam
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - H Chau Nguyen
- Naturwissenschaftlich-Technische Fakultät, Universität Siegen, Walter-Flex-Straße 3, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Howard M Wiseman
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology (Australian Research Council), Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Geoff J Pryde
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology (Australian Research Council), Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
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4
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Weston MM, Slussarenko S, Chrzanowski HM, Wollmann S, Shalm LK, Verma VB, Allman MS, Nam SW, Pryde GJ. Heralded quantum steering over a high-loss channel. Sci Adv 2018; 4:e1701230. [PMID: 29322093 PMCID: PMC5756093 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1701230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Entanglement is the key resource for many long-range quantum information tasks, including secure communication and fundamental tests of quantum physics. These tasks require robust verification of shared entanglement, but performing it over long distances is presently technologically intractable because the loss through an optical fiber or free-space channel opens up a detection loophole. We design and experimentally demonstrate a scheme that verifies entanglement in the presence of at least 14.8 ± 0.1 dB of added loss, equivalent to approximately 80 km of telecommunication fiber. Our protocol relies on entanglement swapping to herald the presence of a photon after the lossy channel, enabling event-ready implementation of quantum steering. This result overcomes the key barrier in device-independent communication under realistic high-loss scenarios and in the realization of a quantum repeater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan M. Weston
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Sergei Slussarenko
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Helen M. Chrzanowski
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Sabine Wollmann
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, BS8 1FD, UK
| | - Lynden K. Shalm
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Varun B. Verma
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Michael S. Allman
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Sae Woo Nam
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Geoff J. Pryde
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
- Corresponding author.
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5
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Slussarenko S, Weston MM, Li JG, Campbell N, Wiseman HM, Pryde GJ. Erratum: Quantum State Discrimination Using the Minimum Average Number of Copies [Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 030502 (2017)]. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:259901. [PMID: 28696760 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.259901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.030502.
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6
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Slussarenko S, Weston MM, Li JG, Campbell N, Wiseman HM, Pryde GJ. Quantum State Discrimination Using the Minimum Average Number of Copies. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:030502. [PMID: 28157368 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.030502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In the task of discriminating between nonorthogonal quantum states from multiple copies, the key parameters are the error probability and the resources (number of copies) used. Previous studies have considered the task of minimizing the average error probability for fixed resources. Here we introduce a new state discrimination task: minimizing the average resources for a fixed admissible error probability. We show that this new task is not performed optimally by previously known strategies, and derive and experimentally test a detection scheme that performs better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Slussarenko
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Morgan M Weston
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Jun-Gang Li
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Nicholas Campbell
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Howard M Wiseman
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Geoff J Pryde
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
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7
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Weston MM, Chrzanowski HM, Wollmann S, Boston A, Ho J, Shalm LK, Verma VB, Allman MS, Nam SW, Patel RB, Slussarenko S, Pryde GJ. Efficient and pure femtosecond-pulse-length source of polarization-entangled photons. Opt Express 2016; 24:10869-10879. [PMID: 27409907 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.010869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a source of polarization entangled photon pairs based on spontaneous parametric downconversion engineered for frequency uncorrelated telecom photon generation. Our source provides photon pairs that display, simultaneously, the key properties for high-performance quantum information and fundamental quantum science tasks. Specifically, the source provides for high heralding efficiency, high quantum state purity and high entangled state fidelity at the same time. Among different tests we apply to our source we observe almost perfect non-classical interference between photons from independent sources with a visibility of (100 ± 5)%.
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8
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Cardano F, Massa F, Qassim H, Karimi E, Slussarenko S, Paparo D, de Lisio C, Sciarrino F, Santamato E, Boyd RW, Marrucci L. Quantum walks and wavepacket dynamics on a lattice with twisted photons. Sci Adv 2015; 1:e1500087. [PMID: 26601157 PMCID: PMC4643825 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1500087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The "quantum walk" has emerged recently as a paradigmatic process for the dynamic simulation of complex quantum systems, entanglement production and quantum computation. Hitherto, photonic implementations of quantum walks have mainly been based on multipath interferometric schemes in real space. We report the experimental realization of a discrete quantum walk taking place in the orbital angular momentum space of light, both for a single photon and for two simultaneous photons. In contrast to previous implementations, the whole process develops in a single light beam, with no need of interferometers; it requires optical resources scaling linearly with the number of steps; and it allows flexible control of input and output superposition states. Exploiting the latter property, we explored the system band structure in momentum space and the associated spin-orbit topological features by simulating the quantum dynamics of Gaussian wavepackets. Our demonstration introduces a novel versatile photonic platform for quantum simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Cardano
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - Francesco Massa
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - Hammam Qassim
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Ebrahim Karimi
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Sergei Slussarenko
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - Domenico Paparo
- CNR-SPIN, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - Corrado de Lisio
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Napoli 80126, Italy. ; CNR-SPIN, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - Fabio Sciarrino
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma 00185, Italy
| | - Enrico Santamato
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - Robert W Boyd
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Lorenzo Marrucci
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Napoli 80126, Italy. ; CNR-SPIN, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Napoli 80126, Italy
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9
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D'Ambrosio V, Baccari F, Slussarenko S, Marrucci L, Sciarrino F. Arbitrary, direct and deterministic manipulation of vector beams via electrically-tuned q-plates. Sci Rep 2015; 5:7840. [PMID: 25598018 PMCID: PMC4297978 DOI: 10.1038/srep07840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vectorial vortex light beams, also referred to as spirally polarized beams, are of particular interest since they can be exploited in several applications ranging from quantum communication to spectroscopy and microscopy. In particular, symmetric pairs of vector beams define two-dimensional spaces which are described as “hybrid Poincaré spheres” (HPS). While generation of vortex beams has been demonstrated by various techniques, their manipulation, in particular in order to obtain transformations describing curves entirely contained on a given HPS, is quite challenging, as it requires a simultaneous action on both polarization and orbital angular momentum degrees of freedom. Here, we demonstrate experimentally this kind of manipulation by exploiting electrically-tuned q-plates: an arbitrary transformation on the HPS can be obtained, by controlling two parameters of the q-plate, namely the initial optic axis orientation α0 and the uniform birefringent phase retardation δ. Upon varying such parameters, one can determine both the rotation axis and the rotation angle on the HPS, obtaining the desired state manipulation with high fidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Flavio Baccari
- Dipartimento di Fisica, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Sergei Slussarenko
- 1] Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy [2] Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Lorenzo Marrucci
- 1] Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy [2] CNR-SPIN, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabio Sciarrino
- Dipartimento di Fisica, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
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10
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Vallone G, D'Ambrosio V, Sponselli A, Slussarenko S, Marrucci L, Sciarrino F, Villoresi P. Free-space quantum key distribution by rotation-invariant twisted photons. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:060503. [PMID: 25148310 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.060503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
"Twisted photons" are photons carrying a well-defined nonzero value of orbital angular momentum (OAM). The associated optical wave exhibits a helical shape of the wavefront (hence the name) and an optical vortex at the beam axis. The OAM of light is attracting a growing interest for its potential in photonic applications ranging from particle manipulation, microscopy, and nanotechnologies to fundamental tests of quantum mechanics, classical data multiplexing, and quantum communication. Hitherto, however, all results obtained with optical OAM were limited to laboratory scale. Here, we report the experimental demonstration of a link for free-space quantum communication with OAM operating over a distance of 210 m. Our method exploits OAM in combination with optical polarization to encode the information in rotation-invariant photonic states, so as to guarantee full independence of the communication from the local reference frames of the transmitting and receiving units. In particular, we implement quantum key distribution, a protocol exploiting the features of quantum mechanics to guarantee unconditional security in cryptographic communication, demonstrating error-rate performances that are fully compatible with real-world application requirements. Our results extend previous achievements of OAM-based quantum communication by over 2 orders of magnitude in the link scale, providing an important step forward in achieving the vision of a worldwide quantum network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Vallone
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | | | - Anna Sponselli
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Sergei Slussarenko
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli Federico II and CNR-SPIN, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Marrucci
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli Federico II and CNR-SPIN, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabio Sciarrino
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Paolo Villoresi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
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11
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Rumala YS, Milione G, Nguyen TA, Pratavieira S, Hossain Z, Nolan D, Slussarenko S, Karimi E, Marrucci L, Alfano RR. Tunable supercontinuum light vector vortex beam generator using a q-plate. Opt Lett 2013; 38:5083-5086. [PMID: 24281515 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.005083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Spatially coherent multicolored optical vector vortex beams were created using a tunable liquid crystal q-plate and a supercontinuum light source. The feasibility of the q-plate as a tunable spectral filter (switch) was demonstrated, and the polarization topology of the resulting vector vortex beam was mapped. Potential applications include multiplexing for broadband high-speed optical communication, ultradense data networking, and super-resolution microscopy.
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12
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Yeganeh M, Rasouli S, Dashti M, Slussarenko S, Santamato E, Karimi E. Reconstructing the Poynting vector skew angle and wavefront of optical vortex beams via two-channel moiré deflectometery. Opt Lett 2013; 38:887-889. [PMID: 23503249 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.000887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An approach based on the two-channel moiré deflectometry has been used to measure both wavefront and transverse component of the Poynting vector of an optical vortex beam. Generated vortex beam by the q-plate, an inhomogeneous liquid crystal cell, has been analyzed with such technique. The measured topological charge of generated beams are in an excellent agreement with theoretical prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Yeganeh
- Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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13
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Cardano F, Karimi E, Slussarenko S, Marrucci L, de Lisio C, Santamato E. Polarization pattern of vector vortex beams generated by q-plates with different topological charges. Appl Opt 2012; 51:C1-6. [PMID: 22505084 DOI: 10.1364/ao.51.0000c1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We describe the polarization topology of the vector beams emerging from a patterned birefringent liquid crystal plate with a topological charge q at its center (q-plate). The polarization topological structures for different q-plates and different input polarization states have been studied experimentally by measuring the Stokes parameters point-by-point in the beam transverse plane. Furthermore, we used a tuned q=1/2-plate to generate cylindrical vector beams with radial or azimuthal polarizations, with the possibility of switching dynamically between these two cases by simply changing the linear polarization of the input beam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Cardano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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14
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D'Ambrosio V, Nagali E, Monken CH, Slussarenko S, Marrucci L, Sciarrino F. Deterministic qubit transfer between orbital and spin angular momentum of single photons. Opt Lett 2012; 37:172-174. [PMID: 22854457 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.000172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work we experimentally implement a deterministic transfer of a generic qubit initially encoded in the orbital angular momentum of a single-photon to its polarization. Such a transfer of quantum information, which is completely reversible, has been implemented adopting an electrically tunable q-plate device and a Sagnac interferometer with a Dove prism. The adopted scheme exhibits high fidelity and low losses.
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15
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Slussarenko S, Murauski A, Du T, Chigrinov V, Marrucci L, Santamato E. Tunable liquid crystal q-plates with arbitrary topological charge. Opt Express 2011; 19:4085-4090. [PMID: 21369237 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.004085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Using a photoalignment technique with a sulphonic azo-dye as the surfactant aligning material, we fabricated electrically tunable liquid crystal q-plates with topological charge 0.5, 1.5 and 3 for generating optical vortex beams with definite orbital angular momentum (OAM) 1,3 and 6 per photon (in units of ¯h), respectively. We carried out several tests on our q-plates, including OAM tomography, finding excellent performances. These devices can have useful applications in general and quantum optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Slussarenko
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Napoli, Italy.
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Slussarenko S, Karimi E, Piccirillo B, Marrucci L, Santamato E. Efficient generation and control of different-order orbital angular momentum states for communication links. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 2011; 28:61-65. [PMID: 21200412 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.28.000061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present an optical scheme to encode and decode 2 bits of information into different orbital angular momentum (OAM) states of a paraxial optical beam. Our device generates the four light angular momentum states of order ±2 and ±4 by spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion in a triangular optical loop arrangement. The switching among the four OAM states is obtained by changing the polarization state of the circulating beam by two quarter-wave plates, and the 2 bit information is transferred to the beam OAM exploiting a single q plate. The polarization of the exit beam is left free for an additional 1 bit of information. The switching among the different OAM states can be as fast as a few nanoseconds, if suitable electro-optical cells are used. This may be particularly useful in communication systems based on light OAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Slussarenko
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
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Slussarenko S, D'Ambrosio V, Piccirillo B, Marrucci L, Santamato E. The polarizing Sagnac interferometer: a tool for light orbital angular momentum sorting and spin-orbit photon processing. Opt Express 2010; 18:27205-27216. [PMID: 21196998 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.027205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we show that an optical setup based on a polarizing Sagnac interferometer combined with a Dove prism can be used as a convenient general-purpose tool for the generation, detection and sorting of spin-orbit states of light. This device can work both in the classical and in the quantum single-photon regime, provides higher sorting efficiency and extinction ratio than usual hologram-fiber combinations, and shows much higher stability and ease of alignment than Mach-Zehnder interferometer setups. To demonstrate the full potential of this setup, we also report some demonstrative experiments of several possible applications of this setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Slussarenko
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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18
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Nagali E, Giovannini D, Marrucci L, Slussarenko S, Santamato E, Sciarrino F. Experimental optimal cloning of four-dimensional quantum states of photons. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:073602. [PMID: 20868043 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.073602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Revised: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Optimal quantum cloning is the process of making one or more copies of an arbitrary unknown input quantum state with the highest possible fidelity. All reported demonstrations of quantum cloning have so far been limited to copying two-dimensional quantum states, or qubits. We report the experimental realization of the optimal quantum cloning of four-dimensional quantum states, or ququarts, encoded in the polarization and orbital angular momentum degrees of freedom of photons. Our procedure, based on the symmetrization method, is also shown to be generally applicable to quantum states of arbitrarily high dimension-or qudits-and to be scalable to an arbitrary number of copies, in all cases remaining optimal. Furthermore, we report the bosonic coalescence of two single-particle entangled states.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Nagali
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università La Sapienza, Roma 00185, Italy
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Andrienko D, Fedorenko D, Reznikov Y, Slussarenko S, Francescangeli O, Simoni F. Photoalignment Effect Induced by Angular Momentum of Light in Dye-Doped Liquid Crystals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10587259908025919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Andrienko
- a Institute of Physics , 46 Prospect Nauki, Kiev , Ukraine
| | - D. Fedorenko
- a Institute of Physics , 46 Prospect Nauki, Kiev , Ukraine
| | - Yu. Reznikov
- a Institute of Physics , 46 Prospect Nauki, Kiev , Ukraine
| | - S. Slussarenko
- a Institute of Physics , 46 Prospect Nauki, Kiev , Ukraine
- b Dipartimento di Scienze dei Materialie e della Terra , Instituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia, Universita' di Ancona , Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 , Ancona , Italy E-mail:
| | - O. Francescangeli
- b Dipartimento di Scienze dei Materialie e della Terra , Instituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia, Universita' di Ancona , Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 , Ancona , Italy E-mail:
| | - F. Simoni
- b Dipartimento di Scienze dei Materialie e della Terra , Instituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia, Universita' di Ancona , Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 , Ancona , Italy E-mail:
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Khoo IC, Guenther BD, Slussarenko S. Photo-Induced Space Charge Fields, Photo-Voltaic, Photorefractivity, and Optical Wave Mixing in Nematic Liquid Crystals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10587259808025107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. C. Khoo
- a Department of Electrical Engineering , Pennsylvania State University , University Park , PA , 16802 , USA
| | - Brett D. Guenther
- a Department of Electrical Engineering , Pennsylvania State University , University Park , PA , 16802 , USA
| | - S. Slussarenko
- b Institute of Physics, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences , Prospect Nauki 46, Kiev-22 , 252650 , Ukraine
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Khoo IC, Chen PH, Shih MY, Shishido A, Slussarenko S, Wood MV. Supra Optical Nonlinearities (SON) of Methyl Red- and Azobenzene Liquid Crystal - Doped Nematic Liquid Crystals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10587250108028266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. C. Khoo
- a Electrical Engineering Department , Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA , 16802 , USA
| | - P. H. Chen
- a Electrical Engineering Department , Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA , 16802 , USA
| | - M. Y. Shih
- a Electrical Engineering Department , Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA , 16802 , USA
| | | | - S. Slussarenko
- c Institute of Physics, Ukranian Acadamy of Sciences , Ukraine
| | - M. V. Wood
- a Electrical Engineering Department , Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA , 16802 , USA
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Khoo IC, Slussarenko S, Guenther BD, Shih MY, Chen P, Wood WV. Optically induced space-charge fields, dc voltage, and extraordinarily large nonlinearity in dye-doped nematic liquid crystals. Opt Lett 1998; 23:253-255. [PMID: 18084476 DOI: 10.1364/ol.23.000253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We have observed extraordinarily large optical nonlinearity in Methyl Red-doped nematic liquid-crystal film. Grating diffraction can be generated with an optical intensity as low as 40 microW/cm(2) , and a refractive-index change coefficient of more than 6 cm(2)/ W is obtained. The effect is attributed to formation of an optically induced dc space-charge field and to the resulting reorientation of the highly birefringent nematic director axis.
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Simoni F, Francescangeli O, Reznikov Y, Slussarenko S. Dye-doped liquid crystals as high-resolution recording media: errata. Opt Lett 1997; 22:937. [PMID: 18185712 DOI: 10.1364/ol.22.000937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In Ref. 1, the second sentence of the abstract should read as follows: "As compared with other methods that make use of these materials, we have achieved higher sensitivity with good spatial resolution."
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Simoni F, Francescangeli O, Reznikov Y, Slussarenko S. Dye-doped liquid crystals as high-resolution recording media. Opt Lett 1997; 22:549-551. [PMID: 18183263 DOI: 10.1364/ol.22.000549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Light-induced anchoring of the molecular director is reported to be an efficient method for writing permanent holographic gratings in dye-doped liquid crystals. We have achieved higher sensitivity and spatial resolution in these materials with other methods. An energy density as low as 10(-1) J/cm(2) was sufficient to write gratings with a resolution higher than 100 lines/mm.
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