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Mozhaeva VA, Starkov VG, Kudryavtsev DS, Prokhorov KA, Garnov SV, Utkin YN. Analysis of intra-specific variations in the venom of individual snakes based on Raman spectroscopy. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2024; 314:124239. [PMID: 38579426 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The knowledge of variations in the composition of venoms from different snakes is important from both theoretical and practical points of view, in particular, at developing and selecting an antivenom. Many studies on this topic are conducted with pooled venoms, while the existence and significance of variations in the composition of venoms between individual snakes of the same species are emphasized by many authors. It is important to study both inter- and intra-specific, including intra-population, venom variations, because intra-specific variations in the venom composition may affect the effectiveness of antivenoms as strongly as inter-specific. In this work, based on venom Raman spectroscopy with principal component analysis, we assessed the variations in venoms of individual snakes of the Vipera nikolskii species from two populations and compared these intra-specific variations with inter-specific variations (with regard to the other related species). We demonstrated intra-specific (inter- and intra-population) differences in venom compositions which are smaller than inter-specific variations. We also assessed the compositions of V. nikolskii venoms from two populations to explain inter-population differences. The method used is rapid and requires virtually no preparation of samples, used in extremely small quantities, allowing the venoms of individual snakes to be analyzed. In addition, the method is informative and capable of detecting fairly subtle differences in the composition of venoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera A Mozhaeva
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia.
| | - Vladislav G Starkov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
| | - Denis S Kudryavtsev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia; Department of Biology and General Genetics, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Russia
| | - Kirill A Prokhorov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
| | - Sergey V Garnov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
| | - Yuri N Utkin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
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Kucheryavenko AS, Zhelnov VA, Melikyants DG, Chernomyrdin NV, Lebedev SP, Bukin VV, Garnov SV, Kurlov VN, Zaytsev KI, Katyba GM. Super-resolution THz endoscope based on a hollow-core sapphire waveguide and a solid immersion lens. Opt Express 2023; 31:13366-13373. [PMID: 37157475 DOI: 10.1364/oe.484650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
To address a challenging problem of super-resolution terahertz (THz) endoscopy, in this paper, an antiresonant hollow-core waveguide was coupled with a sapphire solid immersion lens (SIL), aimed at subwavelength confinement of guided mode. The waveguide is formed by a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-coated sapphire tube, the geometry of which was optimized to ensure high optical performance. SIL was judiciously designed, fabricated of bulk sapphire crystal, and then mounted at the output waveguide end. Study of the field intensity distributions at the shadow side of the waveguide-SIL system revealed the focal spot diameter of ≃0.2λ at the wavelength of λ = 500 μm. It agrees with numerical predictions, overcomes the Abbe diffraction limit, and justifies super-resolution capabilities of our endoscope.
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Katyba GM, Chizhov PA, Kurlov VN, Dolganova IN, Garnov SV, Zaytsev KI, Bukin VV. THz generation by two-color laser air plasma coupled to antiresonance hollow-core sapphire waveguides: THz-wave delivery and angular distribution management. Opt Express 2022; 30:4215-4230. [PMID: 35209663 DOI: 10.1364/oe.447060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, hollow-core antiresonance sapphire waveguides were applied to guide the THz radiation emitted by the two-color laser air plasma, as well as to manage the THz source angular distribution. For this aim, three distinct waveguides were developed. Each of them is based on a cylindrical sapphire tube, either suspended in free space or coated by a polymer. The waveguides were first studied numerically, using the finite-difference eigenmode method, and experimentally, using the in-house THz pulsed spectrometer. The observed data uncovered the antiresonance regime of their operation, as well as their ability to guide broadband THz pulses over tens of centimeters with a high optical performance. The waveguides were then used to couple and guide (over the considerable distance) of THz radiation from the in-house two-color laser air plasma emitter, that exploits the mJ-energy-level femtosecond pulses of a Ti-sapphire laser. Small dispersion of a THz pulse and low-to-moderate propagation loss in the developed waveguide were observed, along with a considerable narrowing of the THz radiation angular distribution after passing the waveguide. Our findings revealed that such technologically-reliable hollow-core sapphire waveguides can boost the performance of laser air plasma-based THz emitters and make them more suitable for applications in the vigorously-explored THz sensing and exposure technologies.
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Chizhov PA, Komlenok MS, Kononenko VV, Bukin VV, Ushakov AA, Bulgakova VV, Khomich AA, Bolshakov AP, Konov VI, Garnov SV. Photoconductive terahertz generation in nitrogen-doped single-crystal diamond. Opt Lett 2022; 47:86-89. [PMID: 34951887 DOI: 10.1364/ol.446750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The generation of terahertz radiation in a photoconductive emitter based on nitrogen-doped single-crystal diamond was realized for the first time. Under 400 nm femtosecond laser pumping, the performance of diamond antennas with different dopant levels was investigated and compared with a reference ZnSe antenna. Terahertz waveforms and corresponding spectra were measured. A low saturation level for high-nitrogen-containing diamond substrate was revealed. The results indicate the prospects of doped diamond as a material for high-efficiency large-aperture photoconductive antennas.
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Balakin AV, Garnov SV, Makarov VA, Kuzechkin NA, Obraztsov PA, Solyankin PM, Shkurinov AP, Zhu Y. "Terhune-like" transformation of the terahertz polarization ellipse "mutually induced" by three-wave joint propagation in liquid. Opt Lett 2018; 43:4406-4409. [PMID: 30211876 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.004406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we show experimentally for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the possibility to observe the effect of polarization mutual action of three elliptically polarized waves, with one of them at terahertz frequency, when they propagate in the isotropic nonlinear medium. When three light pulses are propagated at frequencies ω, 2ω, and ωTHz through liquid nitrogen, we observed the rotation of the ellipse main axis and the ellipticity change. We have shown that this effect is very well described theoretically in the framework of a physical approach analogous to the self-rotation of the polarization ellipse first described in 1964 by Maker et al., but expanded for the case of multi-frequency interaction.
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Ushakov AA, Chizhov PA, Andreeva VA, Panov NA, Shipilo DE, Matoba M, Nemoto N, Kanda N, Konishi K, Bukin VV, Kuwata-Gonokami M, Kosareva OG, Garnov SV, Savel'ev AB. Ring and unimodal angular-frequency distribution of THz emission from two-color femtosecond plasma spark. Opt Express 2018; 26:18202-18213. [PMID: 30114100 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.018202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We study angular and frequency-angular distributions of the terahertz (THz) emission of the low-frequency region (0.3-3 THz) from a two-color femtosecond plasma spark experimentally and in three-dimensional numerical simulations. We investigate the dependence of the angular shapes of the THz radiation on focusing conditions and pulse durations by using two laser facilities (pulse durations 35 and 150 fs) for different focusing geometries. Our experiments and simulations show that decrease in the numerical aperture from NA ≈0.2 to NA ≈0.02 results simultaneously in (I) squeezing of the THz angular distribution and (II) formation of the bright conical emission in the THz range. The moderate focusing NA ≈0.05, which forms the relatively narrow unimodal THz angular distribution, is identified as optimal in terms of angular divergence. Numerical simulations with carrier wave resolved show that bright THz ring structures appear at the frequencies ≥2 THz for longer focuses (NA ≈0.02), while for optimal focusing conditions NA ≈0.05 the conical emission develops at THz frequencies higher than 10 THz.
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Obraztsov PA, Kaplas T, Garnov SV, Kuwata-Gonokami M, Obraztsov AN, Svirko YP. All-optical control of ultrafast photocurrents in unbiased graphene. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4007. [PMID: 24500084 PMCID: PMC3915314 DOI: 10.1038/srep04007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene has recently become a unique playground for studying light-matter interaction effects in low-dimensional electronic systems. Being of strong fundamental importance, these effects also open a wide range of opportunities in photonics and optoelectronics. In particular, strong and broadband light absorption in graphene allows one to achieve high carrier densities essential for observation of nonlinear optical phenomena. Here, we make use of strong photon-drag effect to generate and optically manipulate ultrafast photocurrents in graphene at room temperature. In contrast to the recent reports on injection of photocurrents in graphene due to external or built-in electric field effects and by quantum interference, we force the massless charge carriers to move via direct transfer of linear momentum from photons of incident laser beam to excited electrons in unbiased sample. Direction and amplitude of the drag-current induced in graphene are determined by polarization, incidence angle and intensity of the obliquely incident laser beam. We also demonstrate that the irradiation of graphene with two laser beams of the same wavelength offers an opportunity to manipulate the photocurrents in time domain. The obtained all-optical control of the photocurrents opens new routes towards graphene based high-speed and broadband optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr A. Obraztsov
- A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Photonics, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Tommi Kaplas
- Institute of Photonics, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | | | - Makoto Kuwata-Gonokami
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science and Photon Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alexander N. Obraztsov
- Institute of Photonics, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
- Department of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri P. Svirko
- Institute of Photonics, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
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Obraztsov PA, Rybin MG, Tyurnina AV, Garnov SV, Obraztsova ED, Obraztsov AN, Svirko YP. Broadband light-induced absorbance change in multilayer graphene. Nano Lett 2011; 11:1540-1545. [PMID: 21443162 DOI: 10.1021/nl104303c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report the ultrafast light-induced absorbance change in CVD-grown multilayer graphene. Using femtosecond pump-probe measurements in 1100-1800 nm spectral range, we revealed broadband absorbance change when the probe photon energy was higher than that of the pump photon. The observed phenomenon is interpreted in terms of the Auger recombination and impact ionization playing a significant role in the dynamics of photoexcited carriers in graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr A Obraztsov
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
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