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Zhang A, Wong JKU, Redzikultsava K, Baldry M, Alavi SK, Wang Z, van Koten E, Weiss A, Bilek M, Yeo GC, Akhavan B. A cost-effective and enhanced mesenchymal stem cell expansion platform with internal plasma-activated biofunctional interfaces. Mater Today Bio 2023; 22:100727. [PMID: 37529421 PMCID: PMC10388840 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) used for clinical applications require in vitro expansion to achieve therapeutically relevant numbers. However, conventional planar cell expansion approaches using tissue culture vessels are inefficient, costly, and can trigger MSC phenotypic and functional decline. Here we present a one-step dry plasma process to modify the internal surfaces of three-dimensional (3D) printed, high surface area to volume ratio (high-SA:V) porous scaffolds as platforms for stem cell expansion. To address the long-lasting challenge of uniform plasma treatment within the micrometre-sized pores of scaffolds, we developed a packed bed plasma immersion ion implantation (PBPI3) technology by which plasma is ignited inside porous materials for homogeneous surface activation. COMSOL Multiphysics simulations support our experimental data and provide insights into the role of electrical field and pressure distribution in plasma ignition. Spatial surface characterisation inside scaffolds demonstrates the homogeneity of PBPI3 activation. The PBPI3 treatment induces radical-containing chemical structures that enable the covalent attachment of biomolecules via a simple, non-toxic, single-step incubation process. We showed that PBPI3-treated scaffolds biofunctionalised with fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) significantly promoted the expansion of MSCs, preserved cell phenotypic expression, and multipotency, while reducing the usage of costly growth factor supplements. This breakthrough PBPI3 technology can be applied to a wide range of 3D polymeric porous scaffolds, paving the way towards developing new biomimetic interfaces for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyu Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Sydney Nano Institute, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Johnny Kuan Un Wong
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Sydney Nano Institute, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Katazhyna Redzikultsava
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Mark Baldry
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Sydney Nano Institute, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Seyedeh Kh Alavi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ziyu Wang
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | - Anthony Weiss
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Marcela Bilek
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Sydney Nano Institute, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Giselle C Yeo
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Behnam Akhavan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Sydney Nano Institute, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- School of Engineering, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), Precision Medicine Program, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
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Senkovskiy BV, Pfeiffer M, Alavi SK, Bliesener A, Zhu J, Michel S, Fedorov AV, German R, Hertel D, Haberer D, Petaccia L, Fischer FR, Meerholz K, van Loosdrecht PHM, Lindfors K, Grüneis A. Making Graphene Nanoribbons Photoluminescent. Nano Lett 2017; 17:4029-4037. [PMID: 28358214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the alignment-preserving transfer of parallel graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) onto insulating substrates. The photophysics of such samples is characterized by polarized Raman and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies. The Raman scattered light and the PL are polarized along the GNR axis. The Raman cross section as a function of excitation energy has distinct excitonic peaks associated with transitions between the one-dimensional parabolic subbands. We find that the PL of GNRs is intrinsically low but can be strongly enhanced by blue laser irradiation in ambient conditions or hydrogenation in ultrahigh vacuum. These functionalization routes cause the formation of sp3 defects in GNRs. We demonstrate the laser writing of luminescent patterns in GNR films for maskless lithography by the controlled generation of defects. Our findings set the stage for further exploration of the optical properties of GNRs on insulating substrates and in device geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- B V Senkovskiy
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln , Zülpicher Strasse 77, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - M Pfeiffer
- Department für Chemie, Universität zu Köln , Luxemburger Strasse 116, 50939 Köln, Germany
| | - S K Alavi
- Department für Chemie, Universität zu Köln , Luxemburger Strasse 116, 50939 Köln, Germany
- Institut für Angewandte Physik der Universität Bonn , Wegeler Strasse 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - A Bliesener
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln , Zülpicher Strasse 77, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - J Zhu
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln , Zülpicher Strasse 77, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - S Michel
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln , Zülpicher Strasse 77, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - A V Fedorov
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln , Zülpicher Strasse 77, 50937 Köln, Germany
- St. Petersburg State University , Ulianovskaya 1, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia
- IFW Dresden , P.O. Box 270116, Dresden D-01171, Germany
| | - R German
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln , Zülpicher Strasse 77, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - D Hertel
- Department für Chemie, Universität zu Köln , Luxemburger Strasse 116, 50939 Köln, Germany
| | - D Haberer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley , Tan Hall 680, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - L Petaccia
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste , Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - F R Fischer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley , Tan Hall 680, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - K Meerholz
- Department für Chemie, Universität zu Köln , Luxemburger Strasse 116, 50939 Köln, Germany
| | - P H M van Loosdrecht
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln , Zülpicher Strasse 77, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - K Lindfors
- Department für Chemie, Universität zu Köln , Luxemburger Strasse 116, 50939 Köln, Germany
| | - A Grüneis
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln , Zülpicher Strasse 77, 50937 Köln, Germany
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