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El Gazzar WB, Sliem RE, Bayoumi H, Nasr HE, Shabanah M, Elalfy A, Radwaan SE, Gebba MA, Mansour HM, Badr AM, Amer MF, Ashour SS, Morsi H, Aboelkomsan ESAF, Baioumy B, Sayed AEDH, Farag AA. Melatonin Alleviates Intestinal Barrier Damaging Effects Induced by Polyethylene Microplastics in Albino Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13619. [PMID: 37686424 PMCID: PMC10488227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
There have been concerns about the potential health risks posed by microplastics (MP). The detection of MP in a variety of food products revealed that humans are ingesting MP. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of data about their impacts, as well as their uptake, on intestinal barrier integrity. This study examined the toxic effects of oral administration of two doses of polyethylene microplastics (PE-MP) (3.75 or 15 mg/kg/day for 5 weeks; mean particle size: 4.0-6.0 µm) on the intestinal barrier integrity in rats. Moreover, the effect of melatonin treatment with MP exposure was also assessed. The PE-MP particle uptake, histopathological changes, Alcian blue staining, Muc2 mRNA, proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α), and cleaved caspase-3, as well as tight junction proteins (claudin-1, myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK), occludin, and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1)) were assessed. Oral administration of PE-MP resulted in apparent jejunal histopathological alterations; significantly decreased mucin secretion, occludin, ZO-1, and claudin-1 expression; and significantly upregulated MLCK mRNA, IL-1β concentration, and cleaved caspase-3 expression. Melatonin reversed these altered parameters and improved the PE-MP-induced histopathological and ultrastructure changes. This study highlighted the PE-MP's toxic effect on intestinal barrier integrity and revealed the protective effect of melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Bayoumie El Gazzar
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt;
| | - Rania E. Sliem
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt; (R.E.S.); (S.E.R.)
| | - Heba Bayoumi
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt; (H.B.); (A.E.)
| | - Hend Elsayed Nasr
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt;
| | - Manar Shabanah
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35511, Egypt;
| | - Amira Elalfy
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt; (H.B.); (A.E.)
| | - Shaimaa E. Radwaan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt; (R.E.S.); (S.E.R.)
| | - Mohammed A. Gebba
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt; (M.A.G.)
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Merit University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Heba M. Mansour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th of October City 12573, Egypt;
| | - Amul M. Badr
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11451, Egypt; (A.M.B.); (M.F.A.); (S.S.A.); (H.M.)
| | - Marwa Fathy Amer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11451, Egypt; (A.M.B.); (M.F.A.); (S.S.A.); (H.M.)
| | - Sara S. Ashour
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11451, Egypt; (A.M.B.); (M.F.A.); (S.S.A.); (H.M.)
| | - Heba Morsi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11451, Egypt; (A.M.B.); (M.F.A.); (S.S.A.); (H.M.)
| | | | - Bodour Baioumy
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt; (M.A.G.)
| | | | - Amina A. Farag
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt;
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Farag AA, Youssef HS, Sliem RE, El Gazzar WB, Nabil N, Mouktar MM, Marei YM, Ismail NS, Radwaan SE, Badr AM, Sayed AEDH. Hematological Consequences of Polyethylene Microplastics Toxicity in Male Rats: Oxidative stress, Genetic, and Epigenetic links. Toxicology 2023; 492:153545. [PMID: 37169321 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) pollution is a newly emerging environmental issue. MPs can accumulate within animals and humans, which can pose a serious health threat. Petroleum-based polyethylene (PE) is one of the most popular plastics. Accordingly, its exposure rates have steadily increased over the years. This study aimed to analyze the effects of PE-MPs on the hematological system of albino rats and the epigenetic effect. Five groups of adult male eight-weeks-old rats received either distilled water, corn oil, 3.75mg/kg PE-MPs, 15mg/kg PE-MPs, or 60mg/kg of PE-MPs, daily by oral gavage for 35 days. PE-MPs significantly increased the body weights of the rats and lipid peroxidation, with concomitant reduction of superoxide dismutase activity and depletion of reduced glutathione, thus adversely affecting oxidants/antioxidants balance. Moreover, PE-MPs increased the % of abnormal RBCs, irregular cells, tear drop cells, Schistocyte cells, and folded cells. The genotoxic effects on DNA were evident by increased DNA damage, confirmed by the comet assay, in addition to increased DNA methylation. The effects of PE-MPs have been shown to be dose correlated. In conclusion, this study provides evidence of dose-related PE-MPs-induced hematological, genotoxic, and epigenetic effects in mammals, and thus emphasizes the potentially hazardous health effects of environmental PE-MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina A Farag
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, 13518, Egypt
| | - Heba S Youssef
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, 13518, Egypt
| | - Rania E Sliem
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Benha University, 13518, Egypt
| | - Walaa Bayoumie El Gazzar
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan; Department of Medical Biochemistry and molecular biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, 13518, Egypt
| | - Nashwa Nabil
- Department of community, Environmental and occupational medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, 13518, Egypt
| | - Maha M Mouktar
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, 13518, Egypt
| | - Yasmin M Marei
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and molecular biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, 13518, Egypt
| | - Nesma S Ismail
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, 13518, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa E Radwaan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Benha University, 13518, Egypt
| | - Amira M Badr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Alaa El-Din Hamid Sayed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516, Egypt; Molecular Biology Research & Studies Institute, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt.
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