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Alcon C, Bergman E, Humphrey J, Patel RM, Wang-Price S. The Relationship between Pain Catastrophizing and Cognitive Function in Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: A Scoping Review. Pain Res Manag 2023; 2023:5851450. [PMID: 37719894 PMCID: PMC10505081 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5851450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Objective Chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP) poses a considerable threat to physical, mental, and financial health worldwide. Beyond physical difficulties, CMP has a pronounced impact on pain behaviors and cognitive function. The purpose of this scoping review was to examine the relationship between pain catastrophizing (PC) and cognitive function in CMP, identify gaps in the literature, and provide future directions for research on the topic. Methods Search strings were entered in the following databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Nursing and Allied Health, Ovid Emcare, PsycInfo, and Scopus. Data from the included articles were extracted thematically based on diagnostic classification and included author(s), year of publication, country, aim, sample, methods, intervention (if applicable), and key findings. Results 30 articles were included after screening. The studied populations included patients with fibromyalgia, chronic low back pain, and CMP. Two studies were designed to assess the relationship between PC and cognition as the primary aim. The included studies demonstrated variable evidence regarding the relationship between PC and cognition. Only four studies included clinically relevant PC populations (i.e., Pain Catastrophizing Scale score >30), and all found significant correlations. Conclusion Although evidence exists for the relationship between cognitive function and PC, there is a lack of rigorous research to indicate the strength of this relationship and the specific cognitive functions affected. The literature lacks appropriate populations needed to investigate clinically relevant PC and is limited by heterogeneous neuropsychological test batteries. Future research should include populations demonstrating the behaviors being studied, intentional analysis of outcomes, and appropriate cognitive tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory Alcon
- High Point University, Department of Physical Therapy, High Point, NC, USA
- Texas Woman's University, School of Physical Therapy, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bergman
- Texas Woman's University, School of Physical Therapy, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John Humphrey
- Texas Woman's University, School of Physical Therapy, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rupal M. Patel
- Texas Woman's University, School of Physical Therapy, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sharon Wang-Price
- Texas Woman's University, School of Physical Therapy, Dallas, TX, USA
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Kearns GA, Brismée JM, Riley SP, Wang-Price S, Denninger T, Vugrin M. Lack of standardization in dry needling dosage and adverse event documentation limits outcome and safety reports: a scoping review of randomized clinical trials. J Man Manip Ther 2023; 31:72-83. [PMID: 35607259 PMCID: PMC10013441 DOI: 10.1080/10669817.2022.2077516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Examine: (1) whether variability in dry needling (DN) dosage affects pain outcomes, (2) if effect sizes are clinically important, and (3) how adverse events (AE) were documented and whether DN safety was determined. METHODS Nine databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating DN in symptomatic musculoskeletal disorders. Methodological quality was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Included RCTs met PEDro criteria #1 and scored > 7/10. Data extraction included DN dosage, pain outcome measures, dichotomous AE reporting (yes/no), and AE categorization. Clinically meaningful differences were determined using the minimum clinically important difference (MCID) for pain outcomes . RESULTS Out of 22 identified RCTs, 11 demonstrated significant between-group differences exceeding the MCID, suggesting a clinically meaningful change in pain outcomes. Nine documented whether AE occurred. Only five provided AEs details and four cited a standard means to report AE. DISCUSSION There was inconsistency in reporting DN dosing parameters and AE. We could not determine if DN dosing affects outcomes, whether DN consistently produces clinically meaningful changes, or establish optimal dosage. Without more detailed reporting, replication of methods in future investigations is severely limited. A standardized method is lacking to report, classify, and provide context to AE from DN. Without more detailed AE reporting in clinical trials investigating DN efficacy, a more thorough appraisal of relative risk, severity, and frequency was not possible. Based on these inconsistencies, adopting a standardized checklist for reporting DN dosage and AE may improve internal and external validity and the generalizability of results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary A Kearns
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Health Professions, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Jean-Michel Brismée
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Health Professions, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Sean P Riley
- University of Hartford, Doctor of Physical Therapy Program West Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Sharon Wang-Price
- Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, Texas Women's University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Thomas Denninger
- Senior Director of Market Research and Development, ATI Physical Therapy, Greenville, SC, USA
| | - Margaret Vugrin
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Library, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Proulx L, Brizzolara K, Thompson M, Wang-Price S, Rodriguez P, Koppenhaver S. Women with Chronic Pelvic Pain Demonstrate Increased Lumbopelvic Muscle Stiffness Compared to Asymptomatic Controls. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2023; 32:239-247. [PMID: 36450120 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2022.0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although lumbopelvic muscle stiffness is commonly clinically assessed in women with chronic pelvic pain (CPP), it has not been objectively quantified in this population, and its association with other pain-related impairments has not yet been established. Objective: To compare superficial lumbopelvic muscle stiffness in women with and without CPP. In addition, pressure pain threshold (PPT) was compared between groups and the associations between muscle stiffness and PPT were assessed in women with CPP. Study Design: Case-control. Methods: Muscle stiffness and PPT of 11 lumbopelvic muscles were assessed in 149 women with CPP and 48 asymptomatic women. Subjective outcome measures, including pelvic floor function, health history, and psychosocial outcomes, were collected before muscle stiffness and PPT measurements. Analysis of covariance was used to compare muscle stiffness differences between groups, and independent t-tests were used to compare PPT between groups. Associations between measurements of PPT and muscle stiffness were calculated using correlation analysis. Results: Five of the 11 muscles measured were significantly stiffer in women with CPP than those without CPP (p < 0.05). PPT was significantly decreased in all muscles measured in women with CPP; however, there was not a significant association between muscle stiffness and PPT in women with CPP. Conclusion: The study identified the abdominal lumbopelvic muscles that have increased stiffness in women with CPP compared to asymptomatic women. In addition, muscle stiffness and PPT are two distinct impairments within this population. The results suggest that women with CPP have peripheral muscle impairments, which may be addressed without intravaginal or intrarectal intervention. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT04851730.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel Proulx
- School of Physical Therapy, Rueckert-Hartman College of Health Professions, Regis University, Denver, Colorado, USA
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Alshehre YM, Alkhathami K, Brizzolara K, Weber M, Wang-Price S. Effectiveness of Spinal Stabilization Exercises on Dynamic Balance in Adults with Chronic Low Back Pain. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2023; 18:173-187. [PMID: 36793561 PMCID: PMC9897002 DOI: 10.26603/001c.68075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dynamic balance is a vital aspect of everyday life. It is important to incorporate an exercise program that is useful for maintaining and improving balance in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). However, there is a lack of evidence supporting the effectiveness of spinal stabilization exercises (SSEs) on improving dynamic balance. Purpose To determine the effectiveness of SSEs on dynamic balance in adults with CLBP. Study Design A double-blind randomized clinical trial. Methods Forty participants with CLBP were assigned randomly into either an SSE group or a general exercise (GE) group, which consisted of flexibility and range-of-motion exercises. Participants attended a total of four to eight supervised physical therapy (PT) sessions and performed their assigned exercises at home in the first four weeks of the eight-week intervention. In the last four weeks, the participants performed their exercises at home with no supervised PT sessions. Participants' dynamic balance was measured using the Y-Balance Test (YBT) and the normalized composite scores, Numeric Pain Rating Scale and Modified Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire scores were collected at baseline, two weeks, four weeks, and eight weeks. Results A significant difference between groups from two weeks to four weeks (p = 0.002) was found, with the SSE group demonstrating higher YBT composite scores than the GE group. However, there were no significant between-group differences from baseline to two weeks (p =0.098), and from four weeks to eight weeks (p = 0.413). Conclusions Supervised SSEs were superior to GEs in improving dynamic balance for the first four weeks after initiating intervention in adults with CLBP. However, GEs appeared to have an effect equivalent to that of SSEs after 8-week intervention. Levels of Evidence 1b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef M Alshehre
- Physical Therapy Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Kelli Brizzolara
- School of Physical Therapy Texas Woman's University, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Mark Weber
- School of Physical Therapy Texas Woman's University, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Sharon Wang-Price
- School of Physical Therapy Texas Woman's University, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Alkhathami K, Alshehre Y, Brizzolara K, Weber M, Wang-Price S. Effectiveness of Spinal Stabilization Exercises on Movement Performance in Adults with Chronic Low Back Pain. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2023; 18:169-172. [PMID: 36793568 PMCID: PMC9897033 DOI: 10.26603/001c.68024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Low back pain (LBP) is a musculoskeletal disorder that affects more than 80% of people in the United States at least once in their lifetime. LBP is one of the most common complaints prompting individuals to seek medical care. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of spinal stabilization exercises (SSEs) on movement performance, pain intensity, and disability level in adults with chronic low back pain (CLBP). Methods Forty participants, 20 in each group, with CLBP were recruited and randomly allocated into one of two interventions: SSEs and general exercises (GEs). All participants received their assigned intervention under supervision one to two times per week for the first four weeks and then were asked to continue their program at home for another four weeks. Outcome measures were collected at baseline, two weeks, four weeks, and eight weeks, including the Functional Movement ScreenTM (FMSTM), Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), and Modified Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire (OSW) scores. Results There was a significant interaction for the FMSTM scores (p = 0.016), but not for the NPRS and OSW scores. Post hoc analysis showed significant between-group differences between baseline and four weeks (p = 0.005) and between baseline and eight weeks (p = 0.026) favor SSEs over GEs. Further, the results demonstrated that all participants, regardless of group, had significant improvements in movement performance, pain intensity, and disability level over time. Conclusion The results of the study favor SSEs over GEs in improving movement performance for individuals with CLBP, specifically after four weeks of the supervised SSE program.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mark Weber
- School of Physical Therapy Texas Woman's University
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Alcon CA, Wang-Price S. Non-invasive brain stimulation and pain neuroscience education in the cognitive-affective treatment of chronic low back pain: Evidence and future directions. Front Pain Res 2022; 3:959609. [PMID: 36438443 PMCID: PMC9686004 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2022.959609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is among the leading causes of disability worldwide. Beyond the physical and functional limitations, people's beliefs, cognitions, and perceptions of their pain can negatively influence their prognosis. Altered cognitive and affective behaviors, such as pain catastrophizing and kinesiophobia, are correlated with changes in the brain and share a dynamic and bidirectional relationship. Similarly, in the presence of persistent pain, attentional control mechanisms, which serve to organize relevant task information are impaired. These deficits demonstrate that pain may be a predominant focus of attentional resources, leaving limited reserve for other cognitively demanding tasks. Cognitive dysfunction may limit one's capacity to evaluate, interpret, and revise the maladaptive thoughts and behaviors associated with catastrophizing and fear. As such, interventions targeting the brain and resultant behaviors are compelling. Pain neuroscience education (PNE), a cognitive intervention used to reconceptualize a person's pain experiences, has been shown to reduce the effects of pain catastrophizing and kinesiophobia. However, cognitive deficits associated with chronic pain may impact the efficacy of such interventions. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS), such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) or repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been shown to be effective in the treatment of anxiety, depression, and pain. In addition, as with the treatment of most physical and psychological diagnoses, an active multimodal approach is considered to be optimal. Therefore, combining the neuromodulatory effects of NIBS with a cognitive intervention such as PNE could be promising. This review highlights the cognitive-affective deficits associated with CLBP while focusing on current evidence for cognition-based therapies and NIBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory A. Alcon
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, NC, United States
- School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman’s University, Dallas, TX, United States
- Correspondence: Cory A. Alcon
| | - Sharon Wang-Price
- School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman’s University, Dallas, TX, United States
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Zafereo J, Uhlenbrock B, Watson S, Wang-Price S, Noe C, Jarrett RB, Meltzer KJ, Huang M. Using quantitative sensory testing to predict attrition in an interdisciplinary pain management program: a pilot study. Pain Manag 2022; 12:623-633. [PMID: 35345888 DOI: 10.2217/pmt-2021-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To determine the extent to which quantitative sensory testing (QST) predicted attrition in an interdisciplinary pain program (IPP). Patients & methods: Participants (n = 53) enrolled in an IPP completed pretreatment assessments of QST and the PROMIS-29 quality of life survey. Results & conclusion: Compared with completers, non-completers (24.5%) reported significantly higher pain intensity (7.1, 95% CI [5.8, 8.4] versus 5.4, 95% CI [4.8, 6.1]) and cold hyperalgesia (14.6°C, 95% CI [8.8, 20.4] versus 7.5°C, 95% CI [4.8, 6.1]), with both variables also predicting attrition. This finding highlights a potentially novel and clinically significant use of QST. Higher overall pain intensity and the presence of remote cold hyperalgesia may identify patients at risk for dropping out of an IPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Zafereo
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Brittany Uhlenbrock
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Seth Watson
- School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman's University, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Sharon Wang-Price
- School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman's University, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Carl Noe
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Management, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Robin B Jarrett
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Karen J Meltzer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Mu Huang
- Department of Applied Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Zafereo J, Wang-Price S, Dickson T. Segmental spine mobility differences between lumbar flexion- and extension-based movement syndromes in patients with low back pain. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2022; 35:347-355. [PMID: 34180406 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-200288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Movement System Impairment (MSI) model is useful for identifying spine-hip mobility and motor control deficits that may contribute to low back pain (LBP). While previous studies have found differences in global spine-hip movement impairments between lumbar MSI subgroups, no studies have compared segmental spine movement impairments between these subgroups. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze segmental lumbar mobility in participants with LBP and a lumbar flexion- or extension-based MSI. METHODS Forty participants with subacute-chronic LBP were placed into one of three age groups (< 35, 35-54, or > 54 years-old) and then classified into a flexion- or extension-based MSI sub-group. Segmental lumbar range of motion (ROM) was measured in degrees using a skin-surface device. Total lumbar and segmental flexion and extension ROM of L1-L2 to L5-S1 was compared between MSI sub-groups for each age group using separate two-way ANOVAs. RESULTS Significant main effects were found for the independent variables of MSI subgroup and age. Participants in all three age groups with a flexion-based MSI displayed significantly less lumbar extension (-0.6∘) at L4-5 as compared to participants with an extension-based MSI (-2.1∘), p= 0.03. In addition, lumbar total and segmental ROM was significantly less for older individuals in both subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with LBP may demonstrate a pattern of lumbar segmental hypomobility in the opposite direction of their MSI. Future studies may investigate the added value of direction-specific spinal mobilization to a program of MSI-based exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Zafereo
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, TX, USA
| | | | - Tara Dickson
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, MA, USA
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Stoddard CA, Wang-Price S, Lam SE. Limb Dominance Does Not Affect Y-Balance Test Performance in Non-Athlete Adolescents. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2022; 17:164-173. [PMID: 35136685 PMCID: PMC8805098 DOI: 10.26603/001c.30996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test (YBT-LQ) has been shown to be reliable for assessing dynamic balance in children and adolescents. However, limited research is available about the effects of leg dominance on YBT-LQ performance in adolescents. In addition, there is no consensus on the use of maximum reach or mean reach distance being a better measure of YBT-LQ performance. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE The purposes of this study were to determine if there is a difference in the YBT-LQ performance between the dominant and non-dominant limbs in non-athlete adolescents, and to compare the reliability of the maximum reach scores to that of the mean reach scores in this population. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study. METHODS Twenty-six healthy non-athlete adolescents (13.6 ± 1.0 years, 22 girls, 4 boys) performed the YBT-LQ on two separate days while the same investigator scored their performance. Paired t-tests were used to compare reach distances on dominant and non-dominate stance limbs. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC3,1) were calculated for the maximum and mean reach distances for three directions (anterior, posterolateral, posteromedial) and the composite scores on each limb. RESULTS There was no significant difference in YBT-LQ performance between dominant and non-dominant stance limbs (p > 0.05). Overall, the between-day intra-rater reliability for maximum reach and mean reach scores was moderate-to-good for both limbs (ICC3,1 = 0.59 - 0.83), but was poor for the composite score on the dominant limb (ICC3,1 = 0.42) and maximum anterior reach on non-dominant limb (ICC3,1 = 0.48). CONCLUSION Limb dominance does not seem to be a factor for YBT-LQ performance in this population. The YBT-LQ appears to be a reliable tool for dynamic balance assessment in non-athlete adolescents using the individual score of each direction. The use of mean reach measures seems to slightly improve reliability, specifically the anterior reach direction, in this population. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 2b.
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Hannon JP, Wang-Price S, Goto S, Singleton S, Dietrich L, Bothwell J, Bush C, Garrison C. Twelve-Week Quadriceps Strength as A Predictor of Quadriceps Strength At Time Of Return To Sport Testing Following Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone Autograft Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2021; 16:681-688. [PMID: 34123520 PMCID: PMC8169016 DOI: 10.26603/001c.23421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restoration of quadriceps strength following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R) continues to challenge both patients and clinicians. Failure to adequately restore quadriceps strength has been linked to decreased patients' self-reported outcomes and an increased risk for re-injury. Early identification of quadriceps strength deficits may assist in tailoring early interventions to better address impairments. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between early (12 weeks following ACL-R) isokinetic peak torque and isokinetic peak torque at time of return to sport (RTS) testing. STUDY DESIGN Cohort Study. METHODS A total of 120 participants (males = 55; females =65) were enrolled in the study (age = 16.1±1.4 yrs; height = 1.72±10.5 m; mass = 70.7±16.3 kg). All participants were level 1 or 2 cutting and pivoting sport athletes who underwent a primary bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft ACL-R. Participants were tested at two time points: 12 weeks following surgery and again at time of RTS testing. A linear regression model was carried out to investigate the relationship between age, sex, and isokinetic peak torque at 12 weeks following ACL-R and isokinetic peak torque at time of RTS testing. RESULTS When 12-week isokinetic peak torque was entered first for the hierarchy regression analysis, this factor was predictive of the peak torque at the time of RTS testing, F(1, 118) = 105.6, p < 0.001, R 2 = 0.472, indicating that the 12-week quadriceps strength accounted for 47% of the variance in the quadriceps strength at the time of RTS testing. When age and sex were added in the regression analysis, both factors only added 0.8% of variance for the quadriceps strength at the time of RTS testing. CONCLUSION Isokinetic peak torque at 12 weeks following surgery was shown to be a significantly strong predictor (47%) for isokinetic quadriceps strength recovery at time of RTS. This finding underscores the importance of early restoration of quadriceps strength and that while non-modifiable factors such as sex and age are important, early restoration of quadriceps strength most strongly influences late stage quadriceps strength. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
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Alshehre Y, Alkhathami K, Brizzolara K, Weber M, Wang-Price S. Reliability and Validity of the Y-balance Test in Young Adults with Chronic Low Back Pain. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2021; 16:628-635. [PMID: 34123515 PMCID: PMC8169036 DOI: 10.26603/001c.23430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with chronic low back pain (CLBP) may demonstrate reduced ability to perform dynamic tasks due to fear of additional pain and injury in response to the movement. The Y-balance test (YBT) is a functional and inexpensive test used with various populations. However, the reliability and validity of the YBT used for assessing dynamic balance in young adults with CLBP have not yet been examined. PURPOSE To determine the inter-rater reliability of the YBT and to compare dynamic balance between young adults with CLBP and an asymptomatic group. STUDY DESIGN Reliability and validity study. METHODS Fifteen individuals with CLBP (≥ 12 weeks) and 15 age- and gender-matched asymptomatic adults completed the study. Each group consisted of 6 males and 9 females who were 21-38 years of age (27.47 ± 5.0 years). The YBT was used to measure participant's dynamic balance in the anterior (ANT), posteromedial (PM) and posterolateral (PL) reach directions. The scores for each participant were independently determined and recorded to the nearest centimeter by two raters. Both the YBT reach distances and composite scores were collected from the dominant leg of asymptomatic individuals and the involved side of participants with CLBP and were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS The YBT demonstrated excellent inter-rater reliability, with intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.99 to 1.0 for the YBT scores of both asymptomatic and CLBP groups. The CLBP group had lower scores than those of the asymptomatic group in the reach distances of the ANT (p = 0.023), PM (p < 0.001), and PL (p = 0.001) directions, and the composite scores (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated excellent inter-rater reliability and validity of the YBT for assessing dynamic balance in the CLBP population. The YBT may be a useful tool for clinicians to assess dynamic balance deficits in patients with CLBP. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2b.
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Alkhathami K, Alshehre Y, Wang-Price S, Brizzolara K. Reliability and Validity of the Functional Movement Screen™ with a Modified Scoring System for Young Adults with Low Back Pain. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2021; 16:620-627. [PMID: 35655963 PMCID: PMC9135473 DOI: 10.26603/001c.23427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common complaints in individuals who seek medical care and is a leading cause of movement impairments. The Functional Movement Screen (FMS™) was developed to evaluate neuromuscular impairments during movement. However, the reliability and validity of the FMS™ have not yet been established for the LBP population because of a limitation of its original scoring system. Purpose The purposes of this study were to determine the reliability and validity of the FMS™ with a modified scoring system in young adults with and without LBP. The FMS™ scores were modified by assigning a zero score only when there was an increase in LBP during the FMS™, not simply for the presence of pain, as in the original FMS™ scoring system. Study Design Reliability and validity study. Methods Twenty-two participants with LBP (8 males and 14 females, 26.7 ± 4.68 years old) and 22 age- and gender-matched participants without LBP (26.64 ± 4.20 years old) completed the study. Each participant performed the FMS™ once while being scored simultaneously and independently by two investigators. In addition, each participant's FMS™ performance was video-recorded and then was scored by another two investigators separately. The video-recorded performance also was scored twice six weeks apart by the same investigator to determine intra-rater reliability. Results The results showed excellent inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of the FMS™ composite score with intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.93 to 0.99 for both groups. In addition, the LBP group scored significantly lower than the group without LBP (p = 0.008). Conclusions The results indicate that the FMS™ is able to distinguish between individuals with and without LBP, and that it could be a useful test for clinicians to quantify movement quality and to assess movement restrictions in individuals with LBP. Levels of Evidence 2b.
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Zafereo J, Wang-Price S, Kandil E. Quantitative Sensory Testing Discriminates Central Sensitization Inventory Scores in Participants with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: An Exploratory Study. Pain Pract 2020; 21:547-556. [PMID: 33342049 DOI: 10.1111/papr.12990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) is often used in clinical settings to screen for the presence of central sensitization. However, various cutoff scores have been reported for this tool, and scores have not been consistently associated with widespread pain sensitivity as measured with quantitative sensory testing (QST). The purpose of this study was to compare QST profiles among asymptomatic controls and participants with chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP), and to determine the association between self-report questionnaires and QST in participants with CMP. METHODS Twenty asymptomatic controls and 46 participants with CMP completed the CSI, PROMIS-29, and QST assessments of mechanical and thermal pain thresholds remote to the area of pain. Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis revealed a cutoff score of 33.5 for the CSI. PROMIS-29 Quality of Life (QOL) inventory and QST measures were compared between low and high CSI groups. RESULTS The high CSI group (n = 19) had significantly lower mechanical and thermal pain thresholds, and larger impairments in QOL measures, compared to the low CSI group (n = 27) and asymptomatic controls. Participants with CSI scores < 33.5 presented similarly to asymptomatic controls. Anxiety, pain interference, and CSI scores demonstrated the highest number of significant associations to QST measures. CONCLUSION A cutoff score of 33.5 on the CSI may be useful for discriminating widespread pain sensitivity and quality of life impairments in participants with CMP. Future studies should consider how the presence of high or low CSI may impact differential diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment responsiveness for patients with primary or secondary CMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Zafereo
- Department of Physical Therapy, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, U.S.A
| | - Sharon Wang-Price
- School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman's University, Dallas, TX, U.S.A
| | - Enas Kandil
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Management, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, U.S.A
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Goto S, Garrison JC, Hannon JP, N. Grondin A, Bothwell JM, Wang-Price S, Bush CA, Papaliodis DN, Dietrich LN. Quadriceps strength changes across the continuum of care in adolescent male and female athletes with anterior cruciate ligament injury and reconstruction. Phys Ther Sport 2020; 46:214-219. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2020.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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15
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Swank C, Almutairi S, Wang-Price S, Gao F. Immediate kinematic and muscle activity changes after a single robotic exoskeleton walking session post-stroke. Top Stroke Rehabil 2020; 27:503-515. [PMID: 32077382 DOI: 10.1080/10749357.2020.1728954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Robotic Exoskeletons (EKSO) are novel technology for retraining common gait dysfunction in people post-stroke. EKSO's capability to influence gait characteristics post-stroke is unknown. Objectives: To compare temporospatial, kinematic, and muscle activity gait characteristics before and after a single EKSO session and examine kinematic symmetry between involved and uninvolved limbs. Methods: Participants post-stroke walked under two conditions: pre-EKSO, and immediately post-EKSO. A 10-camera motion capture system synchronized with 6 force plates was used to obtain temporospatial and kinematic gait characteristics from 5 walking trials of 9 meters at a self-selected speed. Surface EMG activity was obtained from bilateral gluteus medius, rectus femoris, medial hamstrings, tibialis anterior, and soleus muscles. Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests were used to analyze differences pre- and post-EKSO. Single EKSO session consisted of 22.3±6.8 minutes total time (walk time=7.2±1.5 minutes) with 250±40 steps. Results: Six ambulatory (Functional Ambulation Category, range=4-5) adults (3 female; 44.7±14.6 years) with chronic stroke (4.5±1.9 years post-stroke) participated. No significant differences were observed for temporospatial gait characteristics. Muscle activity was significantly less post-EKSO in the involved leg rectus femoris during swing phase (p=0.028). Ankle dorsiflexion range of motion on the involved leg post-EKSO was significantly less during stance phase (p=0.046). Differences between involved and uninvolved joint range of motion symmetry were found pre-EKSO but not post-EKSO in swing phase hip flexion and stance phase knee flexion and knee extension. Conclusions: EKSO training appears capable of altering gait in people with chronic stroke and a viable intervention to reduce gait dysfunction post-stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad Swank
- Department of Rehabilitation Research, Baylor Scott & White Institute for Rehabilitation , Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sattam Almutairi
- College of Medical Rehabilitation, Qassim University , Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sharon Wang-Price
- School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman's University , Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Fan Gao
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, College of Education, University of Kentucky , Lexington, KY, USA
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16
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Wang-Price S, Zafereo J, Couch Z, Brizzolara K, Heins T, Smith L. Short-term effects of two deep dry needling techniques on pressure pain thresholds and electromyographic amplitude of the lumbosacral multifidus in patients with low back pain - a randomized clinical trial. J Man Manip Ther 2020; 28:254-265. [PMID: 31960773 DOI: 10.1080/10669817.2020.1714165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of deep dry needling (DN) with and without needle manipulation on pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) and electromyographic (EMG) amplitude of the lumbosacral multifidus (LM) in adults with low back pain (LBP). Methods: Participants were randomized into two treatment groups: with needle manipulation (n = 21) and without needle manipulation (n = 21). All participants received a single session of the assigned DN intervention. PPTs and EMG amplitude of the LM muscle were collected three times: before DN, immediately after DN, and one week after DN. Results: The needle manipulation group had a significantly greater increase in PPT immediately after the intervention and at the one-week follow-up as compared to the no needle manipulation group. The increase of PPT in the needle manipulation group was significant immediately after the intervention, and the increase remained significant at the one-week follow-up. However, there was no significant difference in EMG amplitude of the LM muscle between groups across the three time points. Discussion: Deep DN with needle manipulation appeared to reduce mechanical pressure sensitivity more than DN without manipulation for patients with LBP. Although a single session of DN could reduce pressure pain sensitivity, it may not be sufficient to improve LM muscle function. Level of Evidence: 1b. Trial registration numbers: NCT03970486.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Wang-Price
- School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman's University , Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jason Zafereo
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Zach Couch
- School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman's University , Dallas, TX, USA.,Texas Physical Therapy Specialists, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kelli Brizzolara
- School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman's University , Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Taylor Heins
- School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman's University , Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lindsey Smith
- School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman's University , Dallas, TX, USA
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17
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Hannon JP, Wang-Price S, Garrison JC, Goto S, Bothwell JM, Bush CA. Normalized Hip and Knee Strength in Two Age Groups of Adolescent Female Soccer Players. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 36:207-211. [PMID: 31868812 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hannon, JP, Wang-Price, S, Garrison, JC, Goto, S, Bothwell, JM, and Bush, CA. Normalized hip and knee strength in two age groups of adolescent female soccer players. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2019-Limb symmetry strength measures are used for clinical decision-making considering when an athlete is ready to return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. However, changes in bilateral muscle strength occur after ACL injury resulting in potentially altered limb symmetry calculations. Adolescent female soccer players are at increased risk of sustaining ACL injuries. Published age and sex-matched strength values in this population may be of benefit to clinicians to improve clinical decision-making. The purpose of this study was to establish normative hip and knee strength data of both the dominant and nondominant limbs in adolescent female soccer players. Sixty-four female soccer players (ages 10-18) were enrolled in this study. Subjects were divided by age into 2 groups (group 1: 10-14 years; group 2: 15-18 years). Subjects underwent Biodex isokinetic strength testing at 60°·s and 180°·s to assess quadriceps and hamstring strength. Isometric hip strength (abduction and external rotation) was measured using a hand-held dynamometer. No significant differences were found between groups on either limb in regards to quadriceps or hamstring strength. No significant differences were found between groups on either limb for hip external rotation strength. Significant differences in hip abduction strength were found between groups on the dominant (group 1: 0.21 ± 0.04; group 2: 0.18 ± 0.04; p = 0.014) and nondominant (group 1: 0.21 ± 0.05; group 2: 0.18 ± 0.05; p = 0.019) limbs. The results of this study shed light on normative strength values for a high-risk injury population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shiho Goto
- Texas Health Sports Medicine, Fort Worth, Texas
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18
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Wang-Price S, Zafereo J, Brizzolara K, Mackin B, Lawson L, Seeger D, Lawson S. Psychometric Properties of Pressure Pain Thresholds Measured in 2 Positions for Adults With and Without Neck-Shoulder Pain and Tenderness. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2019; 42:416-424. [PMID: 31337510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of pressure pain threshold (PPT) testing in adults with and without neck-shoulder pain and tenderness and to compare the differences in PPT measurements between the seated and prone positions. METHODS Thirty asymptomatic adults and 30 symptomatic patients with intermittent neck-shoulder pain and tenderness completed the study. A pressure algometer was used to assess PPTs at specific points on the middle deltoid, levator scapulae, and upper trapezius muscles of the dominant side of the asymptomatic individuals and the painful side of the patients. Four trials were performed on each muscle in both the seated and prone positions. To determine between-day reliability, a subset of the participants returned to repeat the testing. RESULTS The intraclass correlation coefficients showed good to excellent within-session reliability and fair to excellent between-day reliability of PPT measurements in both the seated and prone positions for both groups. There were significant differences between groups for all muscles in both positions (P < .05) except for the upper trapezius muscle in the prone position. In addition, significant differences were found between the 2 testing positions for the middle deltoid and upper trapezius muscles in the symptomatic group and for the middle deltoid muscle in the asymptomatic group. CONCLUSION The results of the study suggest that PPT testing could be useful for distinguishing individuals with and without neck-shoulder pain and tenderness. Further, the patient's position should be considered when testing PPT, specifically at the middle deltoid or upper trapezius muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Wang-Price
- School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman's University, Dallas, Texas.
| | - Jason Zafereo
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Kelli Brizzolara
- School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman's University, Dallas, Texas
| | - Brendan Mackin
- School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman's University, Dallas, Texas
| | - Larry Lawson
- School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman's University, Dallas, Texas
| | - Dayna Seeger
- School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman's University, Dallas, Texas
| | - Shannon Lawson
- School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman's University, Dallas, Texas
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Hannon J, Wang-Price S, Swank C, Brizzolara K, Garrison C, Bothwell J, Bush C. The validity and reliability of the Vail Sport Test™ as a measure of performance following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Phys Ther Sport 2019; 38:162-169. [PMID: 31158740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the validity and inter-session reliability of the Vail Sport Test™. DESIGN Cohort study-exploratory methodological research design. SETTING Clinical Research Laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Forty-eight participants who underwent ACL-R. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Participants performance on the Vail Sport Test™ was graded by an experienced rater in real-time, and simultaneously recorded by a three-dimensional (3D) motion capture system. Construct validity was assessed using the reference standards of the camera system and the IKDC short form. To determine the between-day reliability, a subset of participants returned to repeat the test. RESULTS There were no significant difference between the scores collected in real-time and from the kinematic data on the involved limb (p = 0.222). There was a significant difference for the uninvolved limb (p = 0.015). There was no significant difference between the scores collected in real time and those of the IKDC (p = 0.885). Good inter-session reliability (ICC = 0.787) was found for the involved limb. CONCLUSION The results of this study showed good reliability and partially support the validity of the Vail Sport Test as a measure of readiness to return to play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Hannon
- Texas Health Sports Medicine, 6301 Harris Pkwy, Suite 150, Fort Worth, TX, 76132, United States.
| | - Sharon Wang-Price
- Texas Womans University, 5500 Southwestern Medical Ave, Dallas, TX, 75235, United States.
| | - Chad Swank
- Texas Womans University, 5500 Southwestern Medical Ave, Dallas, TX, 75235, United States.
| | - Kelli Brizzolara
- Texas Womans University, 5500 Southwestern Medical Ave, Dallas, TX, 75235, United States.
| | - Craig Garrison
- 800 5th Ave, Suite 150, Texas Health Sports Medicine, Fort Worth, TX, 76104, United States.
| | - James Bothwell
- Texas Health Physician Group, 6301 Harris Pkwy, Suite 250, Fort Worth, TX, 76132, United States.
| | - Curtis Bush
- Texas Health Physician Group, 800 5th Ave, Suite 100, Fort Worth, TX, 76104, United States.
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20
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Alshehre YM, Alkhathami K, Brizzolara K, Wang-Price S. Side Differences in the Y-Balance Test Performance in Patients with Unilateral Low Back Pain. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000562955.26883.0c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Swank C, Wang-Price S, Gao F, Almutairi S. Walking With a Robotic Exoskeleton Does Not Mimic Natural Gait: A Within-Subjects Study. JMIR Rehabil Assist Technol 2019; 6:e11023. [PMID: 31344681 PMCID: PMC6682279 DOI: 10.2196/11023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Robotic exoskeleton devices enable individuals with lower extremity weakness to stand up and walk over ground with full weight-bearing and reciprocal gait. Limited information is available on how a robotic exoskeleton affects gait characteristics. Objective The purpose of this study was to examine whether wearing a robotic exoskeleton affects temporospatial parameters, kinematics, and muscle activity during gait. Methods The study was completed by 15 healthy adults (mean age 26.2 [SD 8.3] years; 6 males, 9 females). Each participant performed walking under 2 conditions: with and without wearing a robotic exoskeleton (EKSO). A 10-camera motion analysis system synchronized with 6 force plates and a surface electromyography (EMG) system captured temporospatial and kinematic gait parameters and lower extremity muscle activity. For each condition, data for 5 walking trials were collected and included for analysis. Results Differences were observed between the 2 conditions in temporospatial gait parameters of speed, stride length, and double-limb support time. When wearing EKSO, hip and ankle range of motion (ROM) were reduced and knee ROM increased during the stance phase. However, during the swing phase, knee and ankle ROM were reduced when wearing the exoskeleton bionic suit. When wearing EKSO, EMG activity decreased bilaterally in the stance phase for all muscle groups of the lower extremities and in the swing phase for the distal muscle groups (tibialis anterior and soleus) as well as the left medial hamstrings. Conclusions Wearing EKSO altered temporospatial gait parameters, lower extremity kinematics, and muscle activity during gait in healthy adults. EKSO appears to promote a type of gait that is disparate from normal gait in first-time users. More research is needed to determine the impact on gait training with EKSO in people with gait impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad Swank
- Texas Woman's University, Dallas, TX, United States
| | | | - Fan Gao
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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22
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Wang-Price S, Zafereo J, Brizzolara K, Anderson E. Effects of tactile feedback on lumbar multifidus muscle activity in asymptomatic healthy adults and patients with low back pain. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2018; 22:956-962. [PMID: 30368341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced lumbar multifidus (LM) muscle contraction has been observed in patients with low back pain (LBP). Clinicians often use various strategies to ensure LM activation, including tactile feedback and verbal instruction. However, the effects of tactile feedback on muscle activation have not been studied previously. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether or not tactile feedback would increase LM muscle activity in adults with and without LBP. METHODS Twenty asymptomatic adults and 20 patients with existing LBP completed the study. Two electromyographic (EMG) electrodes were applied to both sides of the LM at the L5 segment. EMG activity was collected three times at rest with and without tactile feedback, then five times during contralateral arm lifts with and without tactile feedback. The tactile feedback was applied by direct and continuous hand contact to the bilateral LM over the lumbosacral area. Lastly, two 5-second trials of maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) during a bilateral arm lift were performed. EMG activity collected at rest and during contralateral arm lifts was normalized to that collected during MVIC. Normalized EMG values of the right side of the asymptomatic group and the painful side of the LBP group were used for data analysis. RESULTS Statistical analysis showed significantly decreased LM EMG activity with tactile feedback both at rest and during contralateral arm lifts compared to LM EMG activity without tactile feedback. There was no difference in LM EMG between the asymptomatic and the LBP groups. CONCLUSIONS The results of the study showed that adding tactile stimulation to verbal instruction appeared to provide an inhibitory effect on LM activity in both asymptomatic healthy adults and patients with LBP. Contrary to common belief, tactical feedback via direct hand contact may reduce LM muscle recruitment, and may lessen the desired treatment effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Wang-Price
- School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman's University, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Jason Zafereo
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kelli Brizzolara
- School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman's University, Dallas, TX, USA
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Zafereo J, Wang-Price S, Roddey T, Brizzolara K. Regional manual therapy and motor control exercise for chronic low back pain: a randomized clinical trial. J Man Manip Ther 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10669817.2018.1433283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Zafereo
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sharon Wang-Price
- School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman’s University , Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Toni Roddey
- School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman’s University , Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kelli Brizzolara
- School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman’s University , Dallas, TX, USA
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Hannon J, Wang-Price S, Goto S, Garrison JC, Bothwell JM. Do Muscle Strength Deficits of the Uninvolved Hip and Knee Exist in Young Athletes Before Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction? Orthop J Sports Med 2017; 5:2325967116683941. [PMID: 28203600 PMCID: PMC5298463 DOI: 10.1177/2325967116683941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Muscle strength of the involved limb is known to be decreased after injury. Comparison with the uninvolved limb has become standard of practice to measure progress and for calculation of limb symmetry indices (LSIs) to determine readiness to return to sport. However, some literature suggests strength changes in the uninvolved limb also are present after lower extremity injury. Purpose: To examine the uninvolved limb strength in a population of adolescent athletes after an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and compare strength values with those of the dominant limb in a healthy control group. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 64 athletes were enrolled in this study, including 31with injured ACLs (mean age, 15.6 ± 1.4 years) and 33 healthy controls (mean age, 14.9 ± 1.9 years). The median time from injury to testing was 23 days for the ACL-injured group. Participants underwent Biodex isokinetic strength testing at 60 deg/s to assess quadriceps and hamstring strength. Isometric hip strength (abduction, extension, external rotation) was measured using a handheld dynamometer. The muscle strength of the uninvolved limb of the ACL-injured group was compared with that of the dominant limb of the healthy control group. Results: The results showed a significant difference in quadriceps muscle strength between the 2 study groups (P < .001). Isokinetic quadriceps strength of the uninvolved limb in the ACL group was significantly decreased by 25.5% (P < .001) when compared with the dominant limb of the control group. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate a decreased isokinetic strength of the quadriceps muscle in the uninvolved limb after ACL injury as compared with healthy controls. Consideration should be taken when using the uninvolved limb for comparison when assessing quadriceps strength in a population with an ACL injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Hannon
- Texas Health Ben Hogan Sports Medicine, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | | | - Shiho Goto
- Texas Health Ben Hogan Sports Medicine, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
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Zafereo J, Wang-Price S, Brown J, Carson E. Reliability and Comparison of Spinal End-Range Motion Assessment Using a Skin-Surface Device in Participants With and Without Low Back Pain. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2016; 39:434-442. [PMID: 27432028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purposes of this study were to determine the reliability of using a skin-surface device to measure global and segmental thoracic and lumbar spine motion in participants with and without low back pain (LBP) and to compare global thoracic and lumbar motion between the 2 groups. METHODS Forty participants were included in the study (20 adults with LBP and 20 age- and sex-matched adults without LBP). On the same day, 2 raters independently measured thoracic and lumbar spine motion by rolling a skin-surface device along the spine from C7 to S3, with participants at their end range of standing flexion and extension. RESULTS In participants with LBP, global thoracic and lumbar flexion and extension end-range motion testing yielded fair-to-high intrarater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.76-0.96) and good-to-high interrater reliability (ICC = 0.82-0.98). Interrater reliability was fair to high (ICC = 0.77-0.93) for segmental lumbar flexion measurements in participants with LBP. No significant differences were found in global thoracic and lumbar flexion or extension end-range mobility between participants with and without LBP. CONCLUSIONS Global thoracic and lumbar end-range motion measurement using a skin-surface device has acceptable reliability for participants with LBP. Reliability for segmental end-range motion measurement was only acceptable for lumbar flexion in participants with LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Zafereo
- Department of Physical Therapy, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.
| | | | - Jace Brown
- School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman's University, Dallas, TX
| | - Evan Carson
- School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman's University, Dallas, TX
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McFarland C, Wang-Price S, Richard S. Clinical measurements of cervical lordosis using flexirule and inclinometer methods in individuals with and without cervical spine dysfunction: A reliability and validity study. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2016; 28:295-302. [PMID: 25096317 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-140517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purposes of this study were to determine the reliability and validity of two clinical measurements of cervical lordosis and to compare these measurements of individuals with cervical spine symptoms to those of asymptomatic individuals. METHODS Fifty-seven participants were recruited for the study: 18 following cervical fusion, 20 with neck pain and no surgery, and 19 with no neck pain. Cervical lordosis was measured using a flexible ruler (flexirule) and a modified bubble inclinometer. Intertester and intratester reliability were calculated for both methods. Validity was assessed by correlating measurements taken using both methods to Cobb angles between C2 and C7 on lateral view radiography of the participants in the cervical fusion and the neck pain groups. RESULTS Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) revealed good intratester reliability for both methods. Intertester reliability was fair for the flexirule method but good for the inclinometer method. Pearson correlations with radiographic angles were poor for both methods. ANOVAs showed no significant difference in cervical lordosis measurements between asymptomatic and symptomatic groups. CONCLUSION Although both the flexirule and inclinometer methods are reliable, neither method correlated with the Cobb angle on the radiography, suggesting these methods may measure different aspects of cervical spine alignment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sharon Wang-Price
- School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman's University, Dallas, TX, USA
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Wang-Price S, Zafereo J, Brizzolara K, Sokolowski L, Turner D. Effects of different verbal instructions on change of lumbar multifidus muscle thickness in asymptomatic adults and in patients with low back pain. J Man Manip Ther 2016; 25:22-29. [PMID: 28855789 DOI: 10.1179/2042618615y.0000000021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal stabilisation exercise has been shown to be effective in the rehabilitation of low back pain (LBP). Due to the isometric nature of spinal stabilisation exercise, manual therapists use various verbal instructions to elicit lumbar multifidus muscle contraction. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to assess whether or not three verbal instructions would alter muscle thickness of the lumbar multifidus muscle differently in asymptomatic individuals and patients with LBP. METHODS Three verbal instructions were selected for this study: (1) swell the muscle underneath the transducer, (2) draw your belly button in towards your spinal column and (3) think about tilting your pelvis but without really doing it. Lumbar multifidus muscle thickness was determined using parasagittal ultrasound (US) imaging. Measurements of muscle thickness were collected at rest and during verbal instructions from 21 asymptomatic adults and 21 patients with LBP. Percent changes of muscle thickness during contraction and at rest were compared between groups and across verbal instructions. RESULTS ANOVA results showed no significant interaction for both L4-5 and L5-S1, but a significant main effect of verbal instruction (P = 0.049) at L4-5.Post hoc analysis showed a greater increase with verbal instruction #3 than verbal instruction #2 (P = 0.009). There was no significant main effect of group at either segment. DISCUSSION The results of the study suggest that both groups responded similarly to the three verbal instructions. Verbal instructions may increase lumbar multifidus muscle thickness by different amounts at L4-5, but by the same amount at L5-S1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Wang-Price
- School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman's University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jason Zafereo
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, TX, USA
| | - Kelli Brizzolara
- School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman's University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lily Sokolowski
- School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman's University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Dawn Turner
- School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman's University, Dallas, TX, USA
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Brizzolara K, Wang-Price S, Roddey T, Wilson I. The effect of pelvic compression on deep abdominal muscle thickness during the active straight leg raise test. International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 2015. [DOI: 10.12968/ijtr.2015.22.2.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aims: The estimated prevalence of sacroiliac joint (SIJ) pain is 13–30% in patients with non-specific low back pain. One common presentation is pain at or near the SIJ, and common physical therapy interventions include lumbopelvic stabilisation programmes and pelvic compression belts. The aim of this study was to: i) assess how compression of the SIJ affects the thickness of the deep abdominal muscles during the active straight leg raise (ASLR); ii) determine between-day intra-tester reliability of ultrasound imaging to assess percentage change in thickness of the deep abdominal muscles. Methods: Participants (n=15) with unilateral symptoms near the SIJ and age-matched and sex-matched controls (n=15) were recruited for this study. Ultrasound imaging was used to obtain the thickness of the transverse abdominis (TrA) and internal oblique (IO) muscles. Measurements were taken at rest and during the ASLR, with and without pelvic compression. Results: Two separate two-way (group × pelvic compression) analysis of variance (ANOVA) designs with repeated measures were used to analyse the thickness of the TrA and IO muscles; interactions were not significant for percentage change in the TrA (p=0.57) or IO (p=0.10) muscles. Intra-tester reliability was higher when testing with pelvic compression and in the control group (ICC: 0.85–0.89 vs 0.70–0.76). Conclusions: Pelvic compression did not immediately affect the muscular response of the TrA or IO muscles during the ASLR. Pelvic compression belts may be used to address the passive systems of the pelvis by increasing stability; however, specific localised exercises may be needed to improve the percentage change in thickness of the deep abdominal muscles during the ASLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli Brizzolara
- Assistant professor, School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman's University, Denton, USA
| | - Sharon Wang-Price
- Associate professor and professional programme coordinator, School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman's University, Denton, USA
| | - Toni Roddey
- Professor and coordinator of research, School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman's University, Denton, USA
| | - Iseult Wilson
- Lecturer in physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Ulster, UK
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