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Kelley ST, Liu W, Quintana PJ, Hoh E, Dodder NG, Mahabee-Gittens EM, Padilla S, Ogden S, Frenzel S, Sisk-Hackworth L, Matt GE. Altered microbiomes in thirdhand smoke-exposed children and their home environments. Pediatr Res 2021; 90:1153-1160. [PMID: 33654287 PMCID: PMC8410873 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01400-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco smoke contains numerous toxic chemicals that accumulate in indoor environments creating thirdhand smoke (THS). We investigated if THS-polluted homes differed in children's human and built-environment microbiomes as compared to THS-free homes. METHODS Participants were n = 19 THS-exposed children and n = 10 unexposed children (≤5 years) and their caregivers. Environmental and biological samples were analyzed for THS pollutants and exposure. Swab samples were collected from the built-environment (floor, table, armrest, bed frame) and child (finger, nose, mouth, and ear canal), and 16S ribosomal RNA genes were analyzed for bacterial taxa using high-throughput DNA sequencing. RESULTS Phylogenetic α-diversity was significantly higher for the built-environment microbiomes in THS-polluted homes compared to THS-free homes (p < 0.014). Log2-fold comparison found differences between THS-polluted and THS-free homes for specific genera in samples from the built-environment (e.g., Acinetobacter, Bradyrhizobium, Corynebacterium, Gemella, Neisseria, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Veillonella) and in samples from children (esp. Corynebacterium, Gemella, Lautropia, Neisseria, Rothia, Staphylococcus, and Veillonella). CONCLUSION When exposed to THS, indoor and children microbiomes are altered in an environment-specific manner. Changes are similar to those reported in previous studies for smokers and secondhand smoke-exposed persons. THS-induced changes in child and built-environmental microbiomes may play a role in clinical outcomes in children. IMPACT Despite smoking bans, children can be exposed to tobacco smoke residue (i.e., thirdhand smoke) that lingers on surfaces and in settled house dust. Thirdhand smoke exposure is associated with changes in the microbiomes of the home environment and of the children living in these homes. Thirdhand smoke is associated with increased phylogenetic diversity of the home environment and changes in the abundances of several genera of the child microbiome known to be affected by active smoking and secondhand smoke (e.g., Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus). Thirdhand smoke exposure by itself may induce alterations in the microbiome that play a role in childhood pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William Liu
- San Diego State University, San Diego CA, USA
| | | | - Eunha Hoh
- San Diego State University, San Diego CA, USA
| | | | - E. Melinda Mahabee-Gittens
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, U.S.A
| | | | - Shawn Ogden
- San Diego State University, San Diego CA, USA
| | - Sia Frenzel
- San Diego State University, San Diego CA, USA
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Gardner G, Weiss H, Klotz A, Ogden S, Boccamazzo D, Hagerty-Paglia J, Abu-Rustum N, Sepkowitz K, Fischer G, Drebin J. Indicated presurgical testing is a priority to achieve high-quality, cost-effective oncologic health care delivery. Gynecol Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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3
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Byrne M, Abu-Rustum N, Usiak S, Frame J, Aslam A, Ogden S, Leitao M, Sonoda Y, Zivanovic O. Risk prediction model for surgical site infections in patients undergoing open gynecologic cancer surgery following the implementation of a reduction bundle at a comprehensive cancer center. Gynecol Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.04.489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zivanovic O, Yan J, Usiak S, Lilavois M, Ogden S, Leitao M, Sonoda Y, Levine D, Chi D, Abu-Rustum N. Risk prediction model for surgical site infections in patients undergoing gynecologic cancer surgery. Gynecol Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.04.432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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van Drielen K, Gunn D, Griffiths C, Griffiths T, Ogden S, Noordam R, Slagboom P, van Heemst D, de Craen A. Markers of health and disease and pigmented spots in a middle-aged population. Br J Dermatol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. van Drielen
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics; Leiden University Medical Center; PO Box 9600 2300 RC Leiden the Netherlands
| | - D.A. Gunn
- Unilever R&D; Sharnbrook Bedfordshire U.K
- Netherlands Consortium of Healthy Aging (NCHA); Leiden the Netherlands
| | - C.E.M. Griffiths
- Dermatology Centre; Salford Royal Hospital; University of Manchester; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; Manchester U.K
| | - T.W. Griffiths
- Dermatology Centre; Salford Royal Hospital; University of Manchester; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; Manchester U.K
| | - S. Ogden
- Dermatology Centre; Salford Royal Hospital; University of Manchester; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; Manchester U.K
| | - R. Noordam
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics; Leiden University Medical Center; PO Box 9600 2300 RC Leiden the Netherlands
| | - P.E. Slagboom
- Netherlands Consortium of Healthy Aging (NCHA); Leiden the Netherlands
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology; Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics; Leiden University Medical Center; PO Box 9600 2300 RC Leiden the Netherlands
| | - D. van Heemst
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics; Leiden University Medical Center; PO Box 9600 2300 RC Leiden the Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium of Healthy Aging (NCHA); Leiden the Netherlands
| | - A.J.M. de Craen
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics; Leiden University Medical Center; PO Box 9600 2300 RC Leiden the Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium of Healthy Aging (NCHA); Leiden the Netherlands
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Gunn D, Dick J, van Heemst D, Griffiths C, Tomlin C, Murray P, Griffiths T, Ogden S, Mayes A, Westendorp R, Slagboom P, de Craen A. Lifestyle and youthful looks. Br J Dermatol 2015; 172:1338-45. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D.A. Gunn
- Unilever R&D; Colworth House; Sharnbrook Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ U.K
| | - J.L. Dick
- Unilever R&D; Colworth House; Sharnbrook Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ U.K
| | - D. van Heemst
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden the Netherlands
| | - C.E.M. Griffiths
- Dermatology Research Centre; Salford Royal Hospital; University of Manchester; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; Manchester U.K
| | - C.C. Tomlin
- Unilever R&D; Colworth House; Sharnbrook Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ U.K
| | - P.G. Murray
- Unilever R&D; Colworth House; Sharnbrook Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ U.K
| | - T.W. Griffiths
- Dermatology Research Centre; Salford Royal Hospital; University of Manchester; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; Manchester U.K
| | - S. Ogden
- Dermatology Research Centre; Salford Royal Hospital; University of Manchester; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; Manchester U.K
| | - A.E. Mayes
- Unilever R&D; Colworth House; Sharnbrook Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ U.K
| | - R.G.J. Westendorp
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden the Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA); the Netherlands
| | - P.E. Slagboom
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA); the Netherlands
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology; Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden the Netherlands
| | - A.J.M. de Craen
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden the Netherlands
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Bull L, Knowles A, Ogden S, Boag F, Naresh KN, Bower M. Primary cervical lymphoma: a rare presentation to a genitourinary medicine clinic. Int J STD AIDS 2013; 24:587-9. [DOI: 10.1177/0956462413476268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Summary Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of uterine cervix is a rare diagnosis. We present the case of a 47-year-old woman who presented to our genitourinary (GU) medicine service complaining of a malodorous discharge. Speculum examination revealed a necrotic mass on the cervix. She was referred urgently to gynaecology and subsequent histology revealed a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. She received six cycles of RCHOP chemotherapy and is now in clinical remission. This case highlights the need for GU medicine physicians to remain vigilant with regard to possible gynaecological malignancies in all of our patients, the need for medical backup within GU medicine clinics and for clear pathways of referral to other specialists to exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bull
- HIV and Sexual Health Directorate
| | | | | | - F Boag
- HIV and Sexual Health Directorate
| | | | - M Bower
- Oncology Department, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
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Noordam R, Gunn DA, Tomlin CC, Maier AB, Griffiths T, Catt SD, Ogden S, Slagboom PE, Westendorp RGJ, Griffiths CEM, van Heemst D, de Craen AJM. Serum insulin-like growth factor 1 and facial ageing: high levels associate with reduced skin wrinkling in a cross-sectional study. Br J Dermatol 2013; 168:533-8. [PMID: 23363376 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 is a growth factor that can influence fibroblast functioning, with effects including the inhibition of collagenases and the induction of collagen expression. OBJECTIVES To assess whether serum IGF-1, IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)3 and the ratio between IGF-1 and IGFBP3, as a measure of IGF-1 bioavailability, are associated with facial ageing and skin wrinkling. METHODS From a random sample comprising 617 subjects from the Leiden Longevity Study, perceived age and skin wrinkling were assessed from facial photographs, and IGF-1 and IGFBP3 were measured in serum. The associations were assessed using linear regression models, adjusted for chronological age, sex, body mass index, smoking and sun exposure. RESULTS Across tertiles of the ratio of IGF-1 to IGFBP3, and after adjusting for all potential confounding factors, the mean perceived age decreased from 60·6 years in the lowest tertile to 59·5 years in the highest (P = 0·045). Similarly, the mean skin wrinkling grade decreased from 4·8 in the lowest tertile to 4·5 in the highest (P = 0·011). Adding skin wrinkling as a covariate in the analysis between IGF-1 and perceived age diminished this association. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that a higher ratio of IGF-1 to IGFBP3 associates with a lower perceived age, via its association with reduced skin wrinkling. Whether high IGF-1 levels actually delay the accumulation of skin wrinkling now needs investigating.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Noordam
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands Unilever Discover, Colworth, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, UK
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9
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Abstract
Background With increasing age the immune system shows functional decline. In the skin this is associated with an increased incidence of epidermal malignancies and infections. Epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) act as sentinels of the immune system, recognizing, processing and presenting antigen and inducing T-cell responses. Previous investigations have demonstrated a reduction in the number of epidermal LCs in elderly subjects. Moreover, the ability of LCs to migrate in response to tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, but not interleukin (IL)-1β, is significantly impaired in the elderly. Objectives To characterize further the changes in LC function that are associated with increasing chronological age, we have evaluated age-related changes in the response of monocyte-derived LCs (mLCs) to IL-1β and TNF-α. Methods The phenotype and function of mLCs were compared in six young (≤ 30 years) and six aged (≥ 70 years) healthy individuals using a combination of flow cytometry, cytokine and chemokine array, and a Transwell migration assay. Results Monocytes from aged individuals were able to differentiate into LCs. There were no significant differences in expression of activation markers, or in baseline or inducible cytokine secretion, by mLCs derived from aged or young subjects. Furthermore, migration in response to a chemokine ligand, CCL19, was equivalent in both age groups. Conclusions These data demonstrate that changes in LC function in the elderly are not associated with changes in systemic dendritic cell phenotype and function. Conditioning of LCs in situ by the epidermal microenvironment is likely to be more important.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ogden
- Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M6 8HD, UK.
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10
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Watson REB, Ogden S, Cotterell LF, Bowden JJ, Bastrilles JY, Long SP, Griffiths CEM. Effects of a cosmetic 'anti-ageing' product improves photoaged skin [corrected]. Br J Dermatol 2009; 161:419-26. [PMID: 19438432 PMCID: PMC2774146 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09216.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Very few over-the-counter cosmetic ‘anti-ageing’ products have been subjected to a rigorous double-blind, vehicle-controlled trial of efficacy. Previously we have shown that application of a cosmetic ‘anti-ageing’ product to photoaged skin under occlusion for 12 days can stimulate the deposition of fibrillin-1. This observation infers potential to repair and perhaps clinically improve photoaged skin. Objective We examined another similar over-the-counter cosmetic ‘anti-ageing’ product using both the patch test assay and a 6-month double-blind, randomized controlled trial (RCT), with a further 6-month open phase to assess clinical efficacy in photoaged skin. Methods For the patch test, a commercially available test product and its vehicle were applied occluded for 12 days to photoaged forearm skin (n=10) prior to biopsy and immunohistochemical assessment of fibrillin-1; all-trans retinoic acid (RA) was used as a positive control. Sixty photoaged subjects were recruited to the RCT (test product, n = 30 vs. vehicle, n = 30; once daily for 6 months, face and hands) with clinical assessments performed at recruitment and following 1, 3 and 6 months of use. Twenty-eight volunteers had skin biopsies (dorsal wrist) at baseline and at 6 months treatment for immunohistochemical assessment of fibrillin-1 (test product, n=15; vehicle, n=13). All volunteers received the test product for a further 6 months. Final clinical assessments were performed at the end of this open period. Results In the 12-day patch test assay, we observed significant immunohistological deposition of fibrillin-1 in skin treated with the test product and RA compared with the untreated baseline (P=0·005 and 0·015, respectively). In the clinical RCT, at 6 months, the test product produced statistically significant improvement in facial wrinkles as compared to baseline assessment (P = 0·013), whereas vehicle-treated skin was not significantly improved (P = 0·11). After 12 months, there was a significant benefit of the test product over that projected for the vehicle (70% vs. 33% of subjects improving; combined Wilcoxon rank tests, P=0·026). There was significant deposition of fibrillin-1 in skin treated for 6 months with the test product [(mean ± SE) vehicle 1·84 ± 0·23; test product 2·57 ± 0·19; ancovaP=0·019). Conclusions In a double-blind RCT, an over-the-counter cosmetic ‘anti-ageing’ product resulted in significant clinical improvement in facial wrinkles, which was associated with fibrillin-1 deposition in treated skin. This study demonstrates that a cosmetic product can produce significant improvement in the appearance of wrinkles and further supports the use of fibrillin-1 as a robust biomarker for the repair of photoaged dermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E B Watson
- Dermatological Sciences Research Group, School of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.
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11
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Sakka B, Ogden S, Salman WD, Coulson IH. Peculiar progressive plaques. Clin Exp Dermatol 2009; 34:271-2. [PMID: 19187314 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2008.02816.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Sakka
- Burnley General Hospital, Casterton Avenue, Burnley, UK
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12
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Abstract
In today's society the desire to maintain a youthful appearance has driven the development of minimally invasive dermatological procedures that are designed to rejuvenate the ageing face. The aim of this review is to present evidence for the use of techniques which can easily be incorporated into outpatient dermatology practice with low overhead expenditure. For this reason, laser and light-based treatments have been omitted. This review will instead focus on chemical peels, intradermal fillers and botulinum toxin. These techniques address the main aspects of facial ageing, namely photodamage, volume loss and dynamic lines, which correlate anatomically to skin, subcutaneous fat and muscle. A combination of such techniques will provide the practitioner with a reasonable portfolio of treatments for a balanced, holistic result.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ogden
- Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ogden
- Departments of Dermatology, Hope Hospital, Salford, Manchester, UK.
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Berneburg M, Trelles M, Friguet B, Ogden S, Esrefoglu M, Kaya G, Goldberg DJ, Mordon S, Calderhead RG, Griffiths CEM, Saurat JH, Thappa DM. How best to halt and/or revert UV-induced skin ageing: strategies, facts and fiction. Exp Dermatol 2008; 17:228-40. [PMID: 18261088 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2007.00665_1.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Once considered mainly a cosmetic issue, photoageing research has long moved to the forefront of investigative dermatology. Besides obvious market pressures, increasing insight into the mechanistic overlap between UV-induced skin cancer and UV-induced skin ageing has contributed to this development. Also, as strategies that work to antagonize intrinsic skin ageing/senescence may also be exploited against photoageing (and vice versa!), it has become an important skin research challenge to dissect both the differences and the overlap mechanisms between these interwined, yet distinct phenomena. Finally, the current surge in putative 'antiageing' products, devices, and strategies - too many of which boldly promise to fight and/or repair the perils that come along with a lifetime spent in the sun in the absence of convincing evidence of efficacy - makes it particularly pertinent to critically review the available evidence to support often made antiageing claims. The current CONTROVERSIES feature, therefore, aimed to provide both guidance through, and critical voices in, the antiageing circus. Here, a panel of experts defines relevant key problems, points the uninaugurated to intriguing aspects of photoageing that one may not have considered before, highlights promising strategies for how best to halt and/or revert it, and spiritedly debates some controversially discussed approaches.
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Ralf Paus L, Berneburg M, Trelles M, Friguet B, Ogden S, Esrefoglu M, Kaya G, Goldberg DJ, Mordon S, Calderhead RG, Griffiths CEM, Saurat JH, Thappa DM. How best to halt and/or revert UV-induced skin ageing: strategies, facts and fiction. Exp Dermatol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2007.00665.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Ogden S, Mukasa Y, Lyon CC, Coulson IH. Nicorandil-induced peristomal ulcers: is nicorandil also associated with gastrointestinal fistula formation? Br J Dermatol 2007; 156:608-9. [PMID: 17300271 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07698.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ogden S, Coulson IH. A useful tip for direct microscopy. Br J Dermatol 2007; 156:394. [PMID: 17223895 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07644.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Strauss RM, Ogden S, Sheehan-Dare RA, Goulden V. Leg ulceration after aminolaevulinic acid photodynamic therapy in a patient with peripheral vascular disease. Dermatology 2003; 207:85. [PMID: 12835559 DOI: 10.1159/000070952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Schoen SF, Ogden S. Impact of time delay, observational learning, and attentional cuing upon word recognition during integrated small-group instruction. J Autism Dev Disord 1995; 25:503-19. [PMID: 8567596 DOI: 10.1007/bf02178297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The effects of constant time delay, observational learning opportunities, and differential attentional cuing were examined during the small-group instruction of students in an integrated setting. Three students, one individual with moderate mental retardation and two individuals characterized as at-risk learners, participated in learning sight words through direct instruction and observational-learning conditions. A multiple probe design across three students was combined with a multitreatment design across treatment conditions to assess the impact of instructional variables. Reliability of scoring and procedural integrity were estimated and social validity of outcomes was considered. Findings support the salience of the constant time delay procedure in facilitating word acquisition in small, heterogeneous, and inclusive group learning arrangements. Further, a significant amount of learning through observation occurred for all students under both a general and specific attentional cue condition. A slight but discernible advantage of using the specific cuing strategy of transcribing target and nontarget words was realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Schoen
- La Salle University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Dexeus FH, Logothetis CJ, Sella A, Amato R, Kilbourn R, Ogden S, Striegel A, Kwan J, Newman RA. Circadian infusion of floxuridine in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J Urol 1991; 146:709-13. [PMID: 1831513 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)37901-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A total of 42 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma received floxuridine infusion for 14 days at monthly intervals. The drug was delivered via an external programmable pump on a time-modified or circadian schedule; the highest dose of 68% was given between 3 and 9 p.m. Of the 42 patients 25 (60%) had undergone prior nephrectomy. Of the 40 evaluable patients 4 (10%, 95% confidential interval 3 to 24%) achieved a partial response: 3 of the 4 had undergone prior nephrectomy, while 1 had undergone renal angioinfarction. Another 4 patients (10%) had responses at metastatic sites but no response in the primary kidney tumor. The median duration of response for these 2 groups of patients was 65 and 27 weeks, respectively, and the most responsive site was the lungs. The treatment was generally well tolerated and could be administered on an outpatient basis. Our study confirms the limited but definite activity of floxuridine infused on a circadian schedule in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. We observed responses in metastasis equally in patients with or without prior nephrectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- F H Dexeus
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
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Kricka LJ, Ogden S, Williams TM, Kant J. Method for reducing the rate of light emission from chemiluminescent and bioluminescent reactions using frozen reagents. J Biolumin Chemilumin 1989; 3:155-8. [PMID: 2782111 DOI: 10.1002/bio.1170030309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Frozen assay reagents have been used to reduce the rate of light emission from the rapid chemiluminescent acridinium ester and the bioluminescent firefly luciferase reactions. Melting of the assay reagent delays the initiation of the light emission, thus eliminating the need to initiate these rapid reactions by injection of the assay reagents in front of the photodetector.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Kricka
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104
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25
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Denny CT, Shah NP, Ogden S, Willman C, McConnell T, Crist W, Carroll A, Witte ON. Localization of preferential sites of rearrangement within the BCR gene in Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1989; 86:4254-8. [PMID: 2567002 PMCID: PMC287429 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.86.11.4254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Philadelphia chromosome associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has been linked to a hybrid BCR/ABL protein product that differs from that found in chronic myelogenous leukemia. This implies that the molecular structures of the two chromosomal translocations also differ. Localization of translocation breakpoints in Philadelphia chromosome-positive ALL has been impeded due to the only partial characterization of the BCR locus. We have isolated the entire 130-kilobase BCR genomic locus from a human cosmid library. A series of five single-copy genomic probes from the 70-kilobase first intron of BCR were used to localize rearrangements in 8 of 10 Philadelphia chromosome-positive ALLs. We have demonstrated that these breakpoints are all located at the 3' end of the intron around an unusual restriction fragment length polymorphism caused by deletion of a 1-kilobase fragment containing Alu family reiterated sequences. This clustering is unexpected in light of previous theories of rearrangement in Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia that would have predicted a random dispersion of breakpoints in the first intron in Philadelphia chromosome-positive ALL. The proximity of the translocation breakpoints to this constitutive deletion may indicate shared mechanisms of rearrangement or that such polymorphisms mark areas of the genome prone to recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Denny
- Department of Pediatrics, Gwynne Hazen Cherry Memorial Laboratories, University of California, School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90024
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26
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Dexeus FH, Shirkhoda A, Logothetis CJ, Chong C, Sella A, Ogden S, Swanson D. Clinical and radiological correlation of retroperitoneal metastasis from nonseminomatous testicular cancer treated with chemotherapy. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 1989; 25:35-43. [PMID: 2920767 DOI: 10.1016/0277-5379(89)90048-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Forty patients with retroperitoneal metastasis from nonseminomatous testicular cancer treated with chemotherapy were retrospectively studied to (1) evaluate the predictive value of mass size as detected by computerized tomography (CT) as an indicator for postchemotherapy surgery and (2) determine the factors that influence relapse. Patients received two further courses of chemotherapy after their serum biomarkers became normal and computed tomography indicated a complete response or presence of a residual but stable mass. We found that patients with initial metastases less than 2 cm had a low frequency (14%) of residual masses after chemotherapy, vs. 59% for those with masses of 2-5 cm and 75% for those with masses of greater than 5 cm (P = 0.03). Of 22 patients with primary embryonal carcinoma, three of seven (43%) with residual masses after chemotherapy had mature teratoma at surgery. Six patients had small (1-2 cm) residual abnormalities that were not removed, and three of these patients relapsed. In conclusion, increasing size of retroperitoneal metastasis by CT scan predicts for increased likelihood of a residual mass after chemotherapy; patients who have a residual mass greater than or equal to 1 cm require retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy after chemotherapy, whether the tumor histology is embryonal carcinoma or teratoma. The role of surgery for patients who have residual retroperitoneal masses less than 1 cm after chemotherapy could not be determined from our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- F H Dexeus
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Hospital, Houston
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27
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Williams TM, Burlein JE, Ogden S, Kricka LJ, Kant JA. Advantages of firefly luciferase as a reporter gene: application to the interleukin-2 gene promoter. Anal Biochem 1989; 176:28-32. [PMID: 2785354 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(89)90267-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene is widely used in recombinant constructs employed to study promoter and enhancer control of gene expression. However, CAT-based assays require a laborious, multi-step procedure for quantitation of promoter activity. We have applied the recently described firefly luciferase (LUC) reporter gene to the study of the interleukin-2 (IL2) promoter and have further defined the properties of this reporter gene system. We find that IL2-LUC constructs have multiple advantages over IL2-CAT constructs. The LUC assay is highly sensitive and requires 1/10 the cells used in the CAT system. A final quantitative measure of promoter activity can be obtained within 25 h following transfection with IL2-LUC, compared to 108-160 h with IL2-CAT. Light emission significantly (fourfold) above background is detectable 3 h after induction in a direct assay of extracts from transfected cells. We have described the variability of the assay, the minimum number of transfected cells required to detect light, the stability of luciferase in cell extracts, the effect of Triton X-100 on the assay, and a rapid cell lysis procedure. The luciferase system is a simple, rapid, and sensitive method for the study of promoter activity in transfected cells, particularly for weakly expressed genes such as IL2 which give low activity in the CAT assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Williams
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104-6082
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28
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Abstract
A longitudinal study followed the progress of a group of elementary SLD students as they were instructed using the Alphabetic Phonics (AP) curriculum. After a three year period, the AP curriculum produced positive results in reading comprehension for most SLD students, particularly those who began the program in first and second grade. Students in resource and self-contained settings made significant gains in reading comprehension, although the two types of students exhibited different patterns of progress. Students of different ability levels responded differently to the AP curriculum. Average and above average students made significant progress in reading comprehension, but below average students did not advance substantially in relation to their ability level. At the end of three years, classroom teachers had a significantly more positive view of students' word attack, oral reading, and silent reading comprehension skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ogden
- Hillsborough County Public Schools, Tampa, Florida
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29
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Miller J, Ogden S, McMullen M, Andres H, Storb U. The order and orientation of mouse lambda-genes explain lambda-rearrangement patterns. The Journal of Immunology 1988. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.141.7.2497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Mouse lambda-genes are rearranged in specific V lambda-JC lambda associations: V lambda 1 has only been found to rearrange with JC lambda 3 or JC lambda 1, whereas V lambda 2 mainly rearranges with JC lambda 2 and very rarely with JC lambda 1,3. In order to determine the physical basis for these associations we have cloned the respective lambda-genes and large portions of their flanking regions by chromosomal walking in a total of 141 kb of phage and cosmid clones. With the use of unique probes obtained from such clones, the order and orientation of the mouse lambda-gene segments were determined by analyzing patterns of DNA deletion associated with lambda-gene rearrangements in various cell lines. All V and C gene segments were found to be in the same transcriptional orientation, and V2 and V1 were found not to be next to each other, thus supporting the gene order V2-C2-C4-V1-C3-C1.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Miller
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, IL 60637
| | - S Ogden
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, IL 60637
| | - M McMullen
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, IL 60637
| | - H Andres
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, IL 60637
| | - U Storb
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, IL 60637
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Miller J, Ogden S, McMullen M, Andres H, Storb U. The order and orientation of mouse lambda-genes explain lambda-rearrangement patterns. J Immunol 1988; 141:2497-502. [PMID: 3139761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Mouse lambda-genes are rearranged in specific V lambda-JC lambda associations: V lambda 1 has only been found to rearrange with JC lambda 3 or JC lambda 1, whereas V lambda 2 mainly rearranges with JC lambda 2 and very rarely with JC lambda 1,3. In order to determine the physical basis for these associations we have cloned the respective lambda-genes and large portions of their flanking regions by chromosomal walking in a total of 141 kb of phage and cosmid clones. With the use of unique probes obtained from such clones, the order and orientation of the mouse lambda-gene segments were determined by analyzing patterns of DNA deletion associated with lambda-gene rearrangements in various cell lines. All V and C gene segments were found to be in the same transcriptional orientation, and V2 and V1 were found not to be next to each other, thus supporting the gene order V2-C2-C4-V1-C3-C1.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Miller
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, IL 60637
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31
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Logothetis CJ, Johnson DE, Chong C, Dexeus FH, Sella A, Ogden S, Smith T, Swanson DA, Babaian RJ, Wishnow KI. Adjuvant cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin chemotherapy for bladder cancer: an update. J Clin Oncol 1988; 6:1590-6. [PMID: 3171626 DOI: 10.1200/jco.1988.6.10.1590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Seventy-one patients received adjuvant Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide; Bristol-Myers Co, Evansville, IN), Adriamycin (doxorubicin; Adria Laboratories, Columbus, OH), and cisplatin (CISCA) chemotherapy between March 1981 and March 1986. Patients received adjuvant CISCA chemotherapy if they had pathological findings that were thought to predict for high likelihood of relapse. These included the presence of resected nodal metastases, extravesicular involvement of tumor, lymphatic/vascular permeation of the primary tumor, or pelvic visceral invasion. Sixty-two patients at a similar high risk for recurrence did not receive adjuvant CISCA chemotherapy because they refused, had medical contraindications to therapy, or were not referred for chemotherapy. Two-hundred six patients had a cystectomy performed during the same study period but had none of the poor prognostic features suggesting a high risk for relapse. Sixty-two percent of the patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy are alive and disease-free for a mean follow-up of 118 weeks (range, 28 to 310 weeks). A survival advantage exists for the adjuvant-treated patients when compared with those with unfavorable pathological findings who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy (70% v 37%) (P = .00012): no difference exists in long-term disease-free survival for those with favorable pathological findings (long-term disease-free survival 76%) v those who received adjuvant chemotherapy (70%) (P = .33). Adjuvant CISCA chemotherapy prolongs the disease-free survival of some patients following a cystectomy. Patients who benefitted from adjuvant CISCA chemotherapy included those with resected nodal metastases, extra-vesicular involvement of tumor, and direct invasion of the pelvic viscera. Patients not benefitting from adjuvant CISCA chemotherapy in this analysis included those with lymphatic/vascular invasion in their primary tumor as the sole manifestation of high risk for relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Logothetis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030
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Abstract
We retrospectively reviewed the genetic abnormalities detected clinically in 455 men with advanced germ cell tumors referred for chemotherapy. Of the patients 49 had extragonadal and 406 had testicular germ cell tumors. Of 19 patients with mediastinal germ cell tumors 4 (21 per cent, 3 with teratocarcinoma and 1 with endodermal sinus tumor) had Klinefelter's syndrome. Three of these patients had a 47XXY and 1 had a 48XXYY karyotype. No Klinefelter's syndrome was observed among 30 consecutive patients with retroperitoneal germ cell tumors or among the 406 with testicular tumors. Karyotypes of 35 consecutive patients with testis cancer without evident congenital abnormalities showed normal chromosomal patterns. We found 2 patients with Down's syndrome and testicular tumor, for an incidence of 0.5 per cent (probably significant). We also describe 2 cases of nonseminomatous testicular cancer and Marfan's syndrome (0.5 per cent incidence versus a 5 of 100,000 incidence of Marfan's syndrome in the general population). Apparently, genetic abnormalities are increased in men with germ cell tumors and we discuss the significance of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- F H Dexeus
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute, Houston 77030
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Abstract
Adjuvant combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and cisplatin was administered to 36 patients after cystectomy for bladder cancer. Therapy was tolerated well except for 1 patient who suffered a fatal chemotherapy complication. Indications for adjuvant chemotherapy included vascular invasion of the primary tumor, perivesicular tumor involvement, invasion of adjacent pelvic viscera (vagina and prostate) and nodal metastases. There were 53 concurrently treated patients who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy despite similar unfavorable pathological indications (high risk control group). Survival rates (61 and 73 per cent, respectively) were not significantly different for those patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy and an additional group of 158 patients who underwent cystectomy during the study period but who had no adverse pathological findings (low risk control group). Survival rates differed significantly between the low risk (73 per cent) and high risk (38 per cent) control groups (p less than 0.001). Patients with unfavorable histological findings who received adjuvant chemotherapy had a significant survival advantage over the high risk control groups (61 versus 38 per cent, p equals 0.03). These data confirm the predictive value of post-cystectomy pathological findings and suggest that adjuvant chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and cisplatin not only prolongs the survival free of disease for patients at high risk for recurrence but it also may ultimately increase the cure fraction of such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Logothetis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Hospital, Houston 77030
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Logothetis CJ, Swanson DA, Dexeus F, Chong C, Ogden S, Ayala AG, von Eschenbach AC, Johnson DE, Samuels ML. Primary chemotherapy for clinical stage II nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis: a follow-up of 50 patients. J Clin Oncol 1987; 5:906-11. [PMID: 2438389 DOI: 10.1200/jco.1987.5.6.906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fifty patients with clinical stage II nonseminomatous germ cell tumor of the testis (NSGCTT) were treated with primary chemotherapy followed by a retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) in selected patients. The study population included 34 patients with retroperitoneal masses and elevated levels of serum biomarkers (alpha-fetoprotein [AFP] and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin [BHCG] ), five with needle aspiration biopsy-proven retroperitoneal metastases but normal levels of biomarkers, and 11 in whom there were rising levels of serum biomarkers but no radiographic evidence of retroperitoneal metastases. Forty-eight patients (96%) achieved a complete response (CR), with a mean disease-free survival of 132 weeks (range, 55 to 273 weeks). Two patients developed recurrent disease. One died and one achieved a second CR with further therapy (48 + weeks). Postchemotherapy RPLND was required in 11 patients (22%). Patients with embryonal carcinoma had a lower frequency of RPLND (8%) than patients with teratomatous elements in their primary tumor [36%, P = .014]. To reduce the frequency of double therapy (surgery +/- chemotherapy), we propose individualized therapy. Patients presenting with clinical stage II embryonal carcinoma of the testis should receive primary chemotherapy. Patients with clinical stage II NSGCTT and teratomatous elements in their primary tumor continue to require an RPLND. Those patients with intermediate volume disease (greater than 2 cm less than or equal to 5 cm in maximum diameter) may be treated with an RPLND only. Patients with higher volume teratomatous elements (greater than 5 cm less than or equal to 10 cm in maximum diameter) are likely to require the combination of chemotherapy and surgery.
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Logothetis CJ, Samuels ML, Selig DE, Ogden S, Dexeus F, Swanson D, Johnson D, von Eschenbach A. Cyclic chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin plus vinblastine and bleomycin in advanced germinal tumors. Results with 100 patients. Am J Med 1986; 81:219-28. [PMID: 2426944 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9343(86)90255-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
One hundred patients with advanced mixed germ-cell tumors were treated with cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin alternating with vinblastine and bleomycin (cyclic CISCAII/VBIV). The chemotherapy achieved an 89 percent continuous disease-free status (85 percent with chemotherapy, 4 percent with chemotherapy plus surgery). The mean follow-up duration for patients with continuous complete remission was 132 weeks (+/- 6.2), with a median of 126 weeks. Multivariate analysis using a stepwise logistic regression of prognostic variables revealed that a high serum level of the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (more than 50,000 mIU/ml) was of prognostic significance, followed by the Samuels staging criteria and extragonadal origin of disease. Thirty-two patients underwent exploratory surgery after they had had two courses of chemotherapy beyond the establishment of a stable mass and absent serum biomarkers. No viable cancer was found at exploration, and all patients remain alive and free of disease. The acute toxicity of the cyclic chemotherapy was formidable, but only one patient had a fatal complication. Thirty-six percent of the CISCAII courses and 44 percent of the VBIV courses were associated with leukopenic fever, and 5 percent of the CISCAII courses and 8 percent of the VBIV courses were associated with culture-positive infection. Long-term toxicity was unusual: bleomycin lung toxicity 1 percent, cardiac toxicity 1 percent. CISCAII/VBIV cyclic chemotherapy is superior to cisplatin, vinblastine, and bleomycin (PVB) chemotherapy; it results in a higher complete remission rate, a lower relapse rate, and a lower incidence of long-term complications. Patients with a high risk of failure of PVB chemotherapy (Samuels stage IIIB3 to IIIB5) or with extragonadal tumors should be treated with CISCAII/VBIV.
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Logothetis CJ, Samuels ML, Ogden S, Dexeus FH, Swanson D, Johnson DE, von Eschenbach A. Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and cisplatin chemotherapy for patients with locally advanced urothelial tumors with or without nodal metastases. J Urol 1985; 134:460-4. [PMID: 2993671 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)47240-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Thirty-eight patients with primary urothelial tumors recurring in the pelvis or nodal presentation were treated with intravenous or intra-arterial cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and cisplatin chemotherapy. The 38 patients were selected owing to unresectability by local criteria (12 patients) or by virtue of nodal metastases (26 patients). Histologically, the patients either had pure transitional cell carcinoma (29), transformation to a histological subtype of transitional cell carcinoma (7) or pure squamous cell carcinoma (2). An over-all 50 per cent complete remission rate was achieved with an 18 per cent objective pelvic response rate, and 32 per cent failed to respond to chemotherapy. Responses by histological subtype revealed that patients with pure transitional cell carcinoma had a 62 per cent complete remission rate, those with transitional forms had a 14 per cent complete remission rate and none with squamous cell carcinoma responded to chemotherapy. A significant difference in the incidence of responses among patients with transitional carcinoma and those with transition forms was seen (p less than 0.02). Complete remissions were independent of disease site. Nineteen patients achieved a complete remission with a mean duration of 86 weeks and median of 81 weeks (range 33 to 172 weeks). Toxicity of the chemotherapy was moderate with a high incidence of peripheral neuropathy and leukopenic infections. No deaths of chemotherapy were encountered. Patients with locally advanced or metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelium to lymph nodes can benefit from intravenous and intra-arterial cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and cisplatin chemotherapy.
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Abstract
Eight patients with unresectable adenocarcinoma of the bladder or urachus were treated with chemotherapy. Four had received cisplatin-based chemotherapy (CISCA), all 4 failed to respond. All 8 received intravenous and/or intra-arterial 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin hydrochloride (Adriamycin), and mitomycin-C. Three of the 5 responding patients had short responses while 2 had achieved long-term control of disease. One is in complete remission for eleven plus months, and 1 patient had a partial remission of nineteen plus months. Five patients had serum CEA levels measured at presentation. In the 3 patients with an elevated CEA at presentation who responded to chemotherapy a corresponding drop in the initial level was seen. 5-Fluorouracil-based chemotherapy is effective in the management of adenocarcinoma of the bladder.
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Dunn TM, Hahn S, Ogden S, Schleif RF. An operator at -280 base pairs that is required for repression of araBAD operon promoter: addition of DNA helical turns between the operator and promoter cyclically hinders repression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1984; 81:5017-20. [PMID: 6089170 PMCID: PMC391628 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.81.16.5017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A site has been found that is required for repression of the Escherichia coli araBAD operon. This site was detected by the in vivo properties of deletion mutants. In vitro protection studies with DNase I and dimethylsulfate showed that araC protein can specifically bind in this area to nucleotides lying at position -265 to -294 with respect to the araBAD operon promoter (PBAD) transcription start point. The previously known sites of protein binding in the ara operon lie between +20 and -160. Since the properties of deletion strains show that all the sites required for araBAD induction lie between +20 and -110, the new site at -280 exerts its repressive action over an unusually large distance along the DNA. Insertions of -16, -8, 0, 5, 11, 15, 24, and 31 base pairs of DNA between the new site and PBAD were constructed. Repression was impaired in those cases in which half-integral turns of the DNA helix were introduced, but repression was nearly normal for the insertions of 0, +11, and +31 base pairs.
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Logothetis CJ, Samuels ML, von Eschenbach AC, Trindade A, Ogden S, Grant C, Johnson DE. Doxorubicin, mitomycin-C, and 5-fluorouracil (DMF) in the treatment of metastatic hormonal refractory adenocarcinoma of the prostate, with a note on the staging of metastatic prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 1983; 1:368-79. [PMID: 6422006 DOI: 10.1200/jco.1983.1.6.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Sixty-two patients with metastatic hormonal refractory adenocarcinoma of the prostate received a combination of doxorubicin, mitomycin-C, and 5-fluorouracil (DMF). Thirty (48%) of the patients achieved an objective response. Response criteria excluded disease "stabilization" as a manifestation of response. Four clinical prognostic categories were identified: osseous I (OI) had metastatic axial skeletal involvement (23 patients); osseous II (OII) had axial and extremity skeletaL involvement (18 patients); visceral I (VI) had pulmonary metastasis (9 patients); and visceral II (VII) had pulmonary metastasis and involvement of other viscera (12 patients). The 20 responding patients survived a median of 47.5 weeks, whereas the 32 nonresponding patients survived a median of 23.8 weeks (n = 0.002). Response rates were highest among patients with OI (52%) and VI (88%) disease; response rates were lower amont patients with OII (33%) and VII (33%) disease. Responding patients in each clinical category survived longer than nonresponding patients except for those patients with VII disease. The median duration of response for patients with OI disease was 11 months, for OII 9.5 months, for VI patients it was 6.5 months, and VII patients it was 5 months. DMF is an effective treatment of metastatic hormonal refractory prostate cancer, resulting in consistent objective responses. The staging system employed identifies four clinical categories of metastatic prostate cancer and allows for accurate comparison of diet and stratification of study populations.
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Samuels M, Selig D, Ogden S, Grant C, Brown B. IV Hyperalimentation and Chemotherapy for Stage III Testicular Cancer: A Randomized Study. J Urol 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)53673-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.L. Samuels
- Department of Medicine and Nutrition and Food Service, Nursing and Biomathematics, University of Texas System Cancer Center, M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - D.E. Selig
- Department of Medicine and Nutrition and Food Service, Nursing and Biomathematics, University of Texas System Cancer Center, M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - S. Ogden
- Department of Medicine and Nutrition and Food Service, Nursing and Biomathematics, University of Texas System Cancer Center, M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - C. Grant
- Department of Medicine and Nutrition and Food Service, Nursing and Biomathematics, University of Texas System Cancer Center, M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - B. Brown
- Department of Medicine and Nutrition and Food Service, Nursing and Biomathematics, University of Texas System Cancer Center, M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute, Houston, Texas
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Samuels ML, Selig DE, Ogden S, Grant C, Brown B. Iv hyperalimentation and chemotherapy for stage III testicular cancer: a randomized study. Cancer Treat Rep 1981; 65:615-27. [PMID: 6166374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Abstract
A case is described of an early cervical pregnancy in a 30-year-old patient following curettage 6 months previously for an inevitable abortion. The condition was managed initially by suction aspiration, but further curettage with circumsuture of the cervix was required for delayed haemorrhage. The condition was suspected at laparoscopy and confirmed by ultrasonic scan. Laparoscopy indicated that the gestation sac was below the level of the uterine vessels, and was thus of prognostic as well as diagnostic value.
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Ogden S, Haggerty D, Stoner CM, Kolodrubetz D, Schleif R. The Escherichia coli L-arabinose operon: binding sites of the regulatory proteins and a mechanism of positive and negative regulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1980; 77:3346-50. [PMID: 6251457 PMCID: PMC349612 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.77.6.3346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The locations of DNA binding by the proteins involved with positive and negative regulation of transcription initiation of the L-arabinose operon in Escherichia coli have been determined by the DNase I protection method. Two cyclic AMP receptor protein sites were found, at positions -78 to -107 and -121 to -146, an araC protein--arabinose binding site was found at position -40 to -78, and an araC protein-fucose binding site was found at position -106 to -144. These locations, combined with in vivo data on induction of the two divergently oriented arabinose promoters, suggest the following regulatory mechanism: induction of the araBAD operon occurs when cyclic AMP receptor protein, araC protein, and RNA polymerase are all present and able to bind to DNA. Negative regulation is accomplished by the repressing form of araC protein binding to a site in the regulatory region such that it stimultaneously blocks access of cyclic AMP receptor protein to two sites on the DNA, one site of which serves each of the two promoters. Thus, from a single operator site, the negative regulator represses the two outwardly oriented ara promoters. This regulatory mechanism explains the known positive and negative regulatory properties of the ara promoters.
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44
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Cook CW, Ogden S, Verco PW. Gynaecological experience with an octoson. Australas Radiol 1979; 23:127-35. [PMID: 262535 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1673.1979.tb02121.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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