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Yang ZH, Song YL, Pei J, Li SZ, Liu RL, Xiong Y, Wu J, Liu YL, Fan HF, Wu JH, Wang ZJ, Guo J, Meng SL, Chen XQ, Lu J, Shen S. Measles Virus-Based Vaccine Expressing Membrane-Anchored Spike of SARS-CoV-2 Inducing Efficacious Systemic and Mucosal Humoral Immunity in Hamsters. Viruses 2024; 16:559. [PMID: 38675901 PMCID: PMC11054861 DOI: 10.3390/v16040559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
As SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve and COVID-19 cases rapidly increase among children and adults, there is an urgent need for a safe and effective vaccine that can elicit systemic and mucosal humoral immunity to limit the emergence of new variants. Using the Chinese Hu191 measles virus (MeV-hu191) vaccine strain as a backbone, we developed MeV chimeras stably expressing the prefusion forms of either membrane-anchored, full-length spike (rMeV-preFS), or its soluble secreted spike trimers with the help of the SP-D trimerization tag (rMeV-S+SPD) of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2. The two vaccine candidates were administrated in golden Syrian hamsters through the intranasal or subcutaneous routes to determine the optimal immunization route for challenge. The intranasal delivery of rMeV-S+SPD induced a more robust mucosal IgA antibody response than the subcutaneous route. The mucosal IgA antibody induced by rMeV-preFS through the intranasal routine was slightly higher than the subcutaneous route, but there was no significant difference. The rMeV-preFS vaccine stimulated higher mucosal IgA than the rMeV-S+SPD vaccine through intranasal or subcutaneous administration. In hamsters, intranasal administration of the rMeV-preFS vaccine elicited high levels of NAbs, protecting against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 variant challenge by reducing virus loads and diminishing pathological changes in vaccinated animals. Encouragingly, sera collected from the rMeV-preFS group consistently showed robust and significantly high neutralizing titers against the latest variant XBB.1.16. These data suggest that rMeV-preFS is a highly promising COVID-19 candidate vaccine that has great potential to be developed into bivalent vaccines (MeV/SARS-CoV-2).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jia Lu
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (Z.-H.Y.); (Y.-L.S.); (J.P.); (S.-Z.L.); (R.-L.L.); (Y.X.); (J.W.); (Y.-L.L.); (H.-F.F.); (J.-H.W.); (Z.-J.W.); (J.G.); (S.-L.M.); (X.-Q.C.)
| | - Shuo Shen
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (Z.-H.Y.); (Y.-L.S.); (J.P.); (S.-Z.L.); (R.-L.L.); (Y.X.); (J.W.); (Y.-L.L.); (H.-F.F.); (J.-H.W.); (Z.-J.W.); (J.G.); (S.-L.M.); (X.-Q.C.)
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Pang JH, Guo CF, Hao PL, Meng SL, Guo J, Zhang D, Ji YQ, Ming PG. Evaluation of the Robustness Verification of Downstream Production Process for Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine and Different Chromatography Medium Purification Effects. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:56. [PMID: 38250869 PMCID: PMC10818994 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large-scale vaccine production requires downstream processing that focuses on robustness, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. METHODS To assess the robustness of the current vaccine production process, three batches of COVID-19 Omicron BA.1 strain hydrolytic concentrated solutions were selected. Four gel filtration chromatography media (Chromstar 6FF, Singarose FF, Bestarose 6B, and Focurose 6FF) and four ion exchange chromatography media (Maxtar Q, Q Singarose, Diamond Q, and Q Focurose) were used to evaluate their impact on vaccine purification. The quality of the vaccine was assessed by analyzing total protein content, antigen content, residual Vero cell DNA, residual Vero cell protein, and residual bovine serum albumin (BSA). Antigen recovery rate and specific activity were also calculated. Statistical analysis was conducted to evaluate process robustness and the purification effects of the chromatography media. RESULTS The statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in antigen recovery (p = 0.10), Vero HCP residue (p = 0.59), Vero DNA residue (p = 0.28), and BSA residue (p = 0.97) among the three batches of hydrolytic concentrated solutions processed according to the current method. However, a significant difference (p < 0.001) was observed in antigen content. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated the remarkable robustness of the current downstream process for producing WIBP-CorV vaccines. This process can adapt to different batches of hydrolytic concentrated solutions and various chromatography media. The research is crucial for the production of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and provides a potential template for purifying other viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Pang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Chang-Fu Guo
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Peng-Liang Hao
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Sheng-Li Meng
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Jing Guo
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Dou Zhang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Ya-Qi Ji
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Ping-Gang Ming
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
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Yu PC, Dan M, He Y, Meng SL, Yang HY, Su X, Wang YJ, Lv L, Sun YF, Tao XY, Liu Q, Liu SQ, Bi SL, Zhu WY. A novel mRNA rabies vaccine as a promising candidate for rabies post-exposure prophylaxis protects animals from different rabies viruses. Microb Pathog 2023; 185:106425. [PMID: 37923181 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Rabies, caused by the rabies virus (RABV), is the most fatal zoonotic disease. It is a neglected tropical disease which remains a major public health problem, causing approximately 59,000 deaths worldwide annually. Despite the existence of effective vaccines, the high incidence of human rabies is mainly linked to tedious vaccine immunisation procedures and the overall high cost of post-exposure prophylaxis. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an effective vaccine that has a simple procedure and is affordable to prevent rabies infection in humans. RABV belongs to the genus Lyssavirus and family Rhabdoviridae. Previous phylogenetic analyses have identified seven major clades of RABV in China (China I-VII), confirmed by analysing nucleotide sequences from both the G and N proteins. This study evaluated the immunogenicity and protective capacity of SYS6008, an mRNA rabies vaccine expressing rabies virus glycoprotein, in mice and cynomolgus macaques. We demonstrated that SYS6008 induced sufficient levels of rabies neutralising antibody (RVNA) in mice. In addition, SYS6008 elicited strong and durable RVNA responses in vaccinated cynomolgus macaques. In the pre-exposure prophylaxis murine model, one or two injections of SYS6008 at 1/10 or 1/30 of dosage provided protection against a challenge with a 30-fold LD50 of rabies virus (China I and II clades). We also demonstrated that in the post-exposure prophylaxis murine model, which was exposed to lethal rabies virus (China I-VII clades) before vaccination, one or two injections of SYS6008 at both 1/10 and 1/30 dosages provided better protection against rabies virus challenge than the immunization by five injections of commercial vaccines at the same dosage. In addition, we proved that SYS6008-induced RVNAs could neutralise RABV from the China I-VII clades. Finally, 1/10 of the dosage of SYS6008 was able to stimulate significant RABV-G specificity in the T cell response. Furthermore, we found that SYS6008 induced high cellular immunity, including RABV-G-specific T cell responses and memory B cells. Our results imply that the SYS6008 rabies vaccine, with a much simpler vaccination procedure, better immunogenicity, and enhanced protective capacity, could be a candidate vaccine for post-exposure prophylaxis of rabies infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Cheng Yu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Health Commission, Beijing, 102206, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mo Dan
- CSPC Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, 050035, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, CSPC Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050035, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying He
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Health Commission, Beijing, 102206, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Li Meng
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., LTD, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Yu Yang
- CSPC Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, 050035, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, CSPC Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050035, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoye Su
- CSPC Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, 050035, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, CSPC Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050035, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Juan Wang
- CSPC Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, 050035, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, CSPC Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050035, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Lv
- CSPC Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, 050035, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, CSPC Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050035, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Fei Sun
- CSPC Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, 050035, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, CSPC Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050035, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan Tao
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Health Commission, Beijing, 102206, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Liu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Health Commission, Beijing, 102206, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Qing Liu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Health Commission, Beijing, 102206, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Li Bi
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Health Commission, Beijing, 102206, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wu-Yang Zhu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Health Commission, Beijing, 102206, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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An HH, Li M, Liu RL, Wu J, Meng SL, Guo J, Wang ZJ, Qian SS, Shen S. Humoral and cellular immunogenicity and efficacy of a coxsackievirus A10 vaccine in mice. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:e2147022. [PMID: 36373411 PMCID: PMC9848378 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2147022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Coxsackievirus A10 (CV-A10) has become one of the major pathogens of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), and studies on the vaccine and animal model of CV-A10 are still far from complete. Our study used a mouse-adapted CV-A10 strain, which was lethal for 14-day-old mice, to develop an infected mouse model. Then this model was employed to establish an actively immunized-challenged mouse model to evaluate the efficacy of a formaldehyde-inactivated CV-A10 vaccine, which was prepared from a Vero cell-adapted strain. CV-A10 vaccine at a dose of 0.5 or 2.0 μg was inoculated intraperitoneally in neonatal Kunming mice on the third and ninth day. Then the mice were challenged on day 14. The survival rate of mice immunized with 0.5 or 2.0 μg vaccine were 90% and 100%, respectively, while all Alum-inoculated mice died. Compared to those in the two vaccinated groups, the Alum-inoculated mice showed severe pathological damage, strong viral protein expression and high viral loads. The antisera from vaccinated mice showed high level of neutralizing antibodies against CV-A10. Meanwhile, three potential T cell epitopes located at the carboxyl-terminal regions of the VP1 and VP3 were identified and exhibited CV-A10 serotype-specific. The humoral and cellular immunogenicity analysis showed that immunization with two doses of the vaccine elicited CV-A10 specific neutralizing antibody and T cell response in BALB/c mice. Collectively, these findings indicated that this actively immunized-challenged mouse model will be invaluable in future studies on CV-A10 pathogenesis and evaluation of vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Huan An
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Li
- College of Medical Laboratory Science, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui-Lun Liu
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Wu
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Li Meng
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Guo
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ze-Jun Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sha-Sha Qian
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., Wuhan, People’s Republic of China, Sha-Sha Qian Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No.1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan430207, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuo Shen
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., Wuhan, People’s Republic of China,Shuo Shen Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No.1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan430207, People’s Republic of China
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Pei J, Liu RL, Yang ZH, Du YX, Qian SS, Meng SL, Guo J, Zhang B, Shen S. Identification of Critical Amino Acids of Coxsackievirus A10 Associated with Cell Tropism and Viral RNA Release during Uncoating. Viruses 2023; 15:2114. [PMID: 37896891 PMCID: PMC10611408 DOI: 10.3390/v15102114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus A10 (CV-A10) is a prevailing causative agent of hand-foot-mouth disease, necessitating the isolation and adaptation of appropriate strains in cells allowed for human vaccine development. In this study, amino acid sequences of CV-A10 strains with different cell tropism on RD and Vero cells were compared. Various amino acids on the structural and non-structural proteins related to cell tropism were identified. The reverse genetic systems of several CV-A10 strains with RD+/Vero- and RD+/Vero+ cell tropism were developed, and a set of CV-A10 recombinants were produced. The binding, entry, uncoating, and proliferation steps in the life cycle of these viruses were evaluated. P1 replacement of CV-A10 strains with different cell tropism revealed the pivotal role of the structural proteins in cell tropism. Further, seven amino acid substitutions in VP2 and VP1 were introduced to further investigate their roles played in cell tropism. These mutations cooperated in the growth of CV-A10 in Vero cells. Particularly, the valine to isoleucine mutation at the position VP1-236 (V1236I) was found to significantly restrict viral uncoating in Vero cells. Co-immunoprecipitation assays showed that the release of viral RNA from the KREMEN1 receptor-binding virions was restricted in r0195-V1236I compared with the parental strain r0195 (a RD+/Vero+ strain). Overall, this study highlights the dominant effect of structural proteins in CV-A10 adaption in Vero cells and the importance of V1236 in viral uncoating, providing a foundation for the mechanism study of CV-A10 cell tropism, and facilitating the development of vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Pei
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (J.P.); (R.-L.L.); (Z.-H.Y.); (Y.-X.D.); (S.-S.Q.); (S.-L.M.); (J.G.)
| | - Rui-Lun Liu
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (J.P.); (R.-L.L.); (Z.-H.Y.); (Y.-X.D.); (S.-S.Q.); (S.-L.M.); (J.G.)
| | - Zhi-Hui Yang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (J.P.); (R.-L.L.); (Z.-H.Y.); (Y.-X.D.); (S.-S.Q.); (S.-L.M.); (J.G.)
| | - Ya-Xin Du
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (J.P.); (R.-L.L.); (Z.-H.Y.); (Y.-X.D.); (S.-S.Q.); (S.-L.M.); (J.G.)
| | - Sha-Sha Qian
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (J.P.); (R.-L.L.); (Z.-H.Y.); (Y.-X.D.); (S.-S.Q.); (S.-L.M.); (J.G.)
| | - Sheng-Li Meng
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (J.P.); (R.-L.L.); (Z.-H.Y.); (Y.-X.D.); (S.-S.Q.); (S.-L.M.); (J.G.)
| | - Jing Guo
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (J.P.); (R.-L.L.); (Z.-H.Y.); (Y.-X.D.); (S.-S.Q.); (S.-L.M.); (J.G.)
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China;
| | - Shuo Shen
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (J.P.); (R.-L.L.); (Z.-H.Y.); (Y.-X.D.); (S.-S.Q.); (S.-L.M.); (J.G.)
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Jin WP, Wang C, Wu J, Guo J, Meng SL, Wang ZJ, Yu DG, Shen S. Reporter Coxsackievirus A5 Expressing iLOV Fluorescent Protein or Luciferase Used for Rapid Neutralizing Assay in Cells and Living Imaging in Mice. Viruses 2023; 15:1868. [PMID: 37766275 PMCID: PMC10535187 DOI: 10.3390/v15091868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus A5 (CV-A5) is a re-emerging enterovirus that causes hand, foot, and mouth disease in children under five years of age. CV-A5-M14-611 is a mouse-adapted strain that can infect orally and lead to the death of 14-day-old mice. Here, recombinants based on CV-A5-M14-611 were constructed carrying three reporter genes in different lengths. Smaller fluorescent marker proteins, light, oxygen, voltage sensing (iLOV), and nano luciferase (Nluc) were proven to be able to express efficiently in vitro. However, the recombinant with the largest insertion of the red fluorescence protein gene (DsRed) was not rescued. The construction strategy of reporter viruses was to insert the foreign genes between the C-terminus of VP1 and the N-terminus of 2A genes and to add a 2A protease cleavage domain at both ends of the insertions. The iLOV-tagged or Nluc-tagged recombinants, CV-A5-iLOV or CV-A5-Nluc, exhibited a high capacity for viral replication, genetic stability in cells and pathogenicity in mice. They were used to establish a rapid, inexpensive and convenient neutralizing antibody assay and greatly facilitated virus neutralizing antibody titration. Living imaging was performed on mice with CV-A5-Nluc, which exhibited specific bioluminescence in virus-disseminated organs, while fluorescence induced by CV-A5-iLOV was weakly detected. The reporter-gene-tagged CV-A5 can be used to study the infection and mechanisms of CV-A5 pathogenicity in a mouse model. They can also be used to establish rapid and sensitive assays for detecting neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shuo Shen
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (W.-P.J.); (C.W.); (J.W.); (J.G.); (S.-L.M.); (Z.-J.W.); (D.-G.Y.)
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Fu L, Zhang XY, Jin WP, Wang C, Qian SS, Wang MJ, Wang WH, Meng SL, Guo J, Wang ZJ, Chen XQ, Shen S. Identification of a Conserved, Linear Epitope on VP3 of Enterovirus A Species Recognized by a Broad-Spectrum Monoclonal Antibody. Viruses 2023; 15:v15041028. [PMID: 37113008 PMCID: PMC10145497 DOI: 10.3390/v15041028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) have occurred frequently in the Asian-Pacific region over the last two decades, caused mainly by the serotypes in Enterovirus A species. High-quality monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are needed to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the diagnosis of enteroviruses associated HFMD. In this study, a mAb 1A11 was generated using full particles of CV-A5 as an immunogen. In indirect immunofluorescence and Western blotting assays, 1A11 bound to the viral proteins of CV-A2, CV-A4, CV-A5, CV-A6, CV-A10, CV-A16, and EV-A71 of the Enterovirus A and targeted VP3. It has no cross-reactivity to strains of Enterovirus B and C. By mapping with over-lapped and truncated peptides, a minimal and linear epitope 23PILPGF28 was identified, located at the N-terminus of the VP3. A BLAST sequence search of the epitope in the NCBI genus Enterovirus (taxid: 12059) protein database indicates that the epitope sequence is highly conserved among the Enterovirus A species, but not among the other enterovirus species, first reported by us. By mutagenesis analysis, critical residues for 1A11 binding were identified for most serotypes of Enterovirus A. It may be useful for the development of a cost-effective and pan-Enterovirus A antigen detection for surveillance, early diagnosis and differentiation of infections caused by the Enterovirus A species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lie Fu
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Wei-Ping Jin
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Sha-Sha Qian
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Meng-Jun Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Wen-Hui Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Sheng-Li Meng
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Ze-Jun Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Xiao-Qi Chen
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Shuo Shen
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
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Tian YX, Jin WP, Wei ZN, Lv SY, Wang MJ, Meng SL, Guo J, Wang ZJ, Shen S. Identification of specific and shared epitopes at the extreme N-terminal VP1 of Coxsackievirus A4, A2 and A5 by monoclonal antibodies. Virus Res 2023; 328:199074. [PMID: 36805409 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is caused by a variety of serotypes in species A of the Enterovirus genus, including recently re-emerged Coxsackievirus A2 (CV-A2), CV-A4 and CV-A5. For development of diagnostic reagents, for surveillance, and the development of multivalent vaccines against HFMD, the antigenicity of HFMD-associated enteroviruses warrants investigation. The purified virions of CV-A4 were inoculated into Balb/c mice and hybridomas were obtained secreting monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against CV-A4 and cross-reacting with other closely related species A enteroviruses. The mAbs were characterized by ELISA, Western blotting and in vitro neutralizing assays. The majority of mAbs was non-neutralizing, with only 2% of the mAbs neutralizing CV-A4 specifically. Most of mAbs bound to linear VP1 epitopes of CV-A4. Interestingly, four types of mAbs were obtained which bound specifically to CV-A4 or were broadly to CV-A4/-A2, CV-A4/-A5 and CV-A4/-A2/-A5, respectively. Mapping with overlapping or single-amino-acid mutant peptides revealed that the four types of mAbs all bound to the first 15 amino acids at the N-terminus of the VP1. This region of picornaviruses is functionally important as it is involved in uncoating and releasing of viral RNA into the cytosol. The binding footprints of four type mAbs are composed of conserved and variable residues and are different from each other. The newly discovered broadly cross-reactive mAbs reflect the high homology of CV-A4/ CV-A2/CV-A5. The results also demonstrate that it is possible and beneficial to develop the diagnostic reagents to detect rapidly the main pathogens of enteroviruses associated with HFMD cause by CV-A4/CV-A2/CV-A5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xuan Tian
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No.1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Wei-Ping Jin
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No.1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Zhen-Ni Wei
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No.1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Shi-Yun Lv
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No.1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Meng-Jun Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No.1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Sheng-Li Meng
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No.1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No.1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Ze-Jun Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No.1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Shuo Shen
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No.1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430207, China.
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9
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Hu G, Jin WP, Yang ZH, Lv SY, Wu J, Yu YT, Meng SL, Guo J, Wang ZJ, Shen S. Efficacy of Coxsackievirus A2 vaccine candidates correlating to humoral immunity in mice challenged with a mouse-adapted strain. Vaccine 2022; 40:4716-4725. [PMID: 35760737 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, Coxsackievirus A2 (CV-A2) has become one of the main serotypes of enterovirus species A associated with hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in China. It has also caused HFMD epidemics in many countries all over the world. Currently, there are no effective, preventive vaccines against it. METHODS A CV-A2 strain was isolated in RD cells and then adapted to grow in Vero cells. This is in compliance with guidelines for cell substrates allowed for human vaccines by the Chinese regulatory authority. Groups of newborn Kunming mice were inoculated on day 3 and day 9 using two formulations of candidate vaccines, empty particles and full particles. They were then challenged on day 14 at a lethal dose with a mouse-adapted strain. RESULTS The mice in the control group all died within 14 days post-challenge whereas most of the mice in the candidate vaccine groups survived. It was found that the titers of neutralizing antibodies was dose-dependent in sera of immunized mice. The results also showed that the vaccine candidates stimulated a strong humoral immune response and protected the mice from disease and death. The virus loads in tissues or organs were significantly reduced and pathological changes were either weak or not observed in the immunized groups compared with those in Al(OH)3 control group. Preliminary mapping of the nucleotide and amino acid residues potentially related to cell tropism of the vaccine strain and virulence of the challenge strain was performed. CONCLUSION The results showed that the RD cell-isolated and Vero cell-adapted CV-A2 strain is a promising vaccine candidate. This active immunization-challenge mouse model mimics the vaccination and then exposure to wildtype viruses, compared with passive immunization-challenge model, and is invaluable for efficacy evaluation in studies on multivalent vaccines containing CV-A2 against HFMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Hu
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No.1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Wei-Ping Jin
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No.1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Yang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No.1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Shi-Yun Lv
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No.1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No.1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Yu-Ting Yu
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No.1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Sheng-Li Meng
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No.1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No.1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Ze-Jun Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No.1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Shuo Shen
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No.1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430207, China.
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10
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Qian SS, Wei ZN, Jin WP, Wu J, Zhou YP, Meng SL, Guo J, Wang ZJ, Shen S. Efficacy of a coxsackievirus A6 vaccine candidate in an actively immunized mouse model. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:763-773. [PMID: 33739899 PMCID: PMC8079124 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1906755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6) has been emerging as a major pathogen of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). Study on the pathogenesis of CV-A6 infection and development of vaccines is hindered by a lack of appropriate animal models. Here, we report an actively immunized-challenged mouse model to evaluate the efficacy of a Vero-cell-based, inactivated CV-A6 vaccine candidate. The neonatal Kunming mice were inoculated with a purified, formaldehyde-inactivated CV-A6 vaccine on days 3 and 9, followed by challenging on day 14 with a naturally selected virulent strain at a lethal dose. Within 14 days postchallenge, all mice in the immunized groups survived, while 100% of the Alum-only inoculated mice died. Neutralizing antibodies (NtAbs) were detected in the serum of immunized suckling mice, and the NtAb levels correlated with the survival rate of the challenged mice. The virus loads in organs were reduced, and pathological changes and viral protein expression were weak in the immunized mice compared with those in Alum-only inoculated control mice. Elevated levels of interleukin-4, 6, interferon γ and tumour necrosis factor α were also observed in Alum-only control mice compared with immunized mice. Importantly, the virulent CV-A6 challenge strain was selected quickly and conveniently from a RD cell virus stock characterized with the natural multi-genotypes. The virulent determinants were mapped to V124M and I242 V at VP1. Together, our results indicated that this actively immunized mouse model is invaluable for future studies to develop multivalent vaccines containing the major component of CV-A6 against HFMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha-Sha Qian
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Ni Wei
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Ping Jin
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wu
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ping Zhou
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Li Meng
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Guo
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Jun Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Shen
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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11
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Wang ZJ, Zhang HJ, Lu J, Xu KW, Peng C, Guo J, Gao XX, Wan X, Wang WH, Shan C, Zhang SC, Wu J, Yang AN, Zhu Y, Xiao A, Zhang L, Fu L, Si HR, Cai Q, Yang XL, You L, Zhou YP, Liu J, Pang DQ, Jin WP, Zhang XY, Meng SL, Sun YX, Desselberger U, Wang JZ, Li XG, Duan K, Li CG, Xu M, Shi ZL, Yuan ZM, Yang XM, Shen S. Low toxicity and high immunogenicity of an inactivated vaccine candidate against COVID-19 in different animal models. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 9:2606-2618. [PMID: 33241728 PMCID: PMC7733911 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1852059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is causing huge impact on health, life, and global economy, which is characterized by rapid spreading of SARS-CoV-2, high number of confirmed cases and a fatality/case rate worldwide reported by WHO. The most effective intervention measure will be to develop safe and effective vaccines to protect the population from the disease and limit the spread of the virus. An inactivated, whole virus vaccine candidate of SARS-CoV-2 has been developed by Wuhan Institute of Biological Products and Wuhan Institute of Virology. The low toxicity, immunogenicity, and immune persistence were investigated in preclinical studies using seven different species of animals. The results showed that the vaccine candidate was well tolerated and stimulated high levels of specific IgG and neutralizing antibodies. Low or no toxicity in three species of animals was also demonstrated in preclinical study of the vaccine candidate. Biochemical analysis of structural proteins and purity analysis were performed. The inactivated, whole virion vaccine was characterized with safe double-inactivation, no use of DNases and high purity. Dosages, boosting times, adjuvants, and immunization schedules were shown to be important for stimulating a strong humoral immune response in animals tested. Preliminary observation in ongoing phase I and II clinical trials of the vaccine candidate in Wuzhi County, Henan Province, showed that the vaccine is well tolerant. The results were characterized by very low proportion and low degree of side effects, high levels of neutralizing antibodies, and seroconversion. These results consistent with the results obtained from preclinical data on the safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Jun Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Jun Zhang
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Lu
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang-Wei Xu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Guo
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Gao
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wan
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Hui Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Shan
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Su-Cai Zhang
- JOINN Laboratories (Beijing), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wu
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - An-Na Yang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ao Xiao
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lie Fu
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Rui Si
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Cai
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Lou Yang
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei You
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ping Zhou
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Qing Pang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Ping Jin
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Li Meng
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Xia Sun
- JOINN Laboratories (Beijing), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ulrich Desselberger
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jun-Zhi Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Guo Li
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Duan
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Gui Li
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Xu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Li Shi
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Ming Yuan
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ming Yang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,China National Biotec Group Company Ltd, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Shen
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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12
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Zhang XY, Guo J, Wan X, Zhou JG, Jin WP, Lu J, Wang WH, Yang AN, Liu DX, Shi ZL, Yuan ZM, Li XG, Meng SL, Duan K, Wang ZJ, Yang XM, Shen S. Biochemical and antigenic characterization of the structural proteins and their post-translational modifications in purified SARS-CoV-2 virions of an inactivated vaccine candidate. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 9:2653-2662. [PMID: 33232205 PMCID: PMC7738289 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1855945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the face of COVID-19 pandemic caused by the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2, an inactivated, Vero cell-based, whole virion vaccine candidate has been developed and entered into phase III clinical trials within six months. Biochemical and immunogenic characterization of structural proteins and their post-translational modifications in virions, the end-products of the vaccine candidate, would be essential for the quality control and process development of vaccine products and for studying the immunogenicity and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2. By using a panel of rabbit antisera against virions and five structural proteins together with a convalescent serum, the spike (S) glycoprotein was shown to be N-linked glycosylated, PNGase F-sensitive, endoglycosidase H-resistant and cleaved by Furin-like proteases into S1 and S2 subunits. The full-length S and S1/S2 subunits could form homodimers/trimers. The membrane (M) protein was partially N-linked glycosylated; the accessory protein 3a existed in three different forms, indicative of cleavage and dimerization. Furthermore, analysis of the antigenicity of these proteins and their post-translationally modified forms demonstrated that S protein induced the strongest antibody response in both convalescent and immunized animal sera. Interestingly, immunization with the inactivated vaccine did not elicit antibody response against the S2 subunit, whereas strong antibody response against both S1 and S2 subunits was detected in the convalescent serum. Moreover, vaccination stimulated stronger antibody response against S multimers than did the natural infection. This study revealed that the native S glycoprotein stimulated neutralizing antibodies, while bacterially-expressed S fragments did not. The study on S modifications would facilitate design of S-based anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Zhang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, Co. Ltd, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Guo
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, Co. Ltd, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wan
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, Co. Ltd, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Ge Zhou
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, Co. Ltd, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Ping Jin
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, Co. Ltd, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Lu
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, Co. Ltd, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Hui Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, Co. Ltd, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - An-Na Yang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, Co. Ltd, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding Xiang Liu
- South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory Microbial Signals & Disease Co, & Integrative Microbiology Research Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Li Shi
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Ming Yuan
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Guo Li
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, Co. Ltd, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Li Meng
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, Co. Ltd, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Duan
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, Co. Ltd, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Jun Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, Co. Ltd, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ming Yang
- China National Biotech Group Company Ltd, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Shen
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, Co. Ltd, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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13
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Zheng Y, Qiu LP, Meng SL, Fan LM, Song C, Li DD, Zhang C, Chen JZ. Effect of polychlorinated biphenyls on oxidation stress in the liver of juvenile GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr8613. [PMID: 27706695 DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15038613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The present study clearly showed that chronic exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at environmentally relevant concentrations can damage juvenile tilapia livers by modulating antioxidant enzyme activities and gene transcription, which affects toxic bioaccumulation and histological congestion. The results suggest that PCBs caused a decrease in the activity of some hepatic antioxidative and biotransformation enzymes (SOD, CAT, GST, T-GSH, and MDA) in tilapia at 7 days, as well as transcriptional changes (sod, cat, and gst). Except for some antioxidant parameters (T-GSH, GSH/GSSG, T-AOC, and MDA), significant declines and increases occurred at 14 and 21 days, respectively. Most of the antioxidant enzymatic signatures and genotoxicity significantly increased at 14 and 21 days. This study presented evidence that PCBs could result in hepatic toxicity through oxidative stress in the early growth stages of tilapia, and we speculated that oxidative stress plays an important role in embryonic developmental toxicity induced by PCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zheng
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River, Wuxi, China .,Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - L P Qiu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River, Wuxi, China
| | - S L Meng
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River, Wuxi, China
| | - L M Fan
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River, Wuxi, China
| | - C Song
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River, Wuxi, China
| | - D D Li
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River, Wuxi, China
| | - C Zhang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River, Wuxi, China
| | - J Z Chen
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River, Wuxi, China.,Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
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14
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He CQ, Meng SL, Yan HY, Ding NZ, He HB, Yan JX, Xu GL. Isolation and identification of a novel rabies virus lineage in China with natural recombinant nucleoprotein gene. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49992. [PMID: 23226506 PMCID: PMC3514186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabies virus (RABV) causes severe neurological disease and death. As an important mechanism for generating genetic diversity in viruses, homologous recombination can lead to the emergence of novel virus strains with increased virulence and changed host tropism. However, it is still unclear whether recombination plays a role in the evolution of RABV. In this study, we isolated and sequenced four circulating RABV strains in China. Phylogenetic analyses identified a novel lineage of hybrid origin that comprises two different strains, J and CQ92. Analyses revealed that the virus 3′ untranslated region (UTR) and part of the N gene (approximate 500 nt in length) were likely derived from Chinese lineage I while the other part of the genomic sequence was homologous to Chinese lineage II. Our findings reveal that homologous recombination can occur naturally in the field and shape the genetic structure of RABV populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
- * E-mail: (CQH); (HBH)
| | - Sheng-Li Meng
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-Yan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Nai-Zheng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Hong-Bin He
- Dairy Cattle Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- * E-mail: (CQH); (HBH)
| | - Jia-Xin Yan
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, Wuhan, China
| | - Ge-Lin Xu
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, Wuhan, China
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15
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Meng SL, Xu GL, Lei YL, Wu J, Yan JX, Yang XM. [Temporal and spatial population dynamics of rabies virus isolates in China]. Bing Du Xue Bao 2011; 27:231-237. [PMID: 21774248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In order to study phylogeography, population dynamics and molecular evolution of rabies viruses (RABVs) isolates from China, especially spatio-temporal dynamics, the timescale of RABVs evolution and its pattern of migration, we performed an extensive comparative analysis of RABV N gene sequence data, representing 167 isolates sampled from 20 provinces in a 78-year period (from 1931 through 2009). The available Chinese isolates could be divided into two distinct clades:Phylogroup clades I comprised Chinese group 1-4; Phylogroup clades II contained Chinese group 5-8. We found no evidence for positive selection (dN/dS>1) acting at any codon and found strong selective constraints for N gene. Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analysis suggested that the Chinese rabies viruses originated within the last 2000 years and the mean rates of nucleotide substitution for the N gene were approximately 4 x 10(-4) substitutions per site per year. The analyses of the spatial and spatio-temporal evolution indicated that RABV isolates from China migrated among different Provinces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Li Meng
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, Wuhan 430060, China
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16
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Lei YL, Wang XG, Tao XY, Li H, Meng SL, Chen XY, Liu FM, Ye BF, Tang Q. [Sequencing and analysis of complete genome of rabies viruses isolated from Chinese Ferret-Badger and dog in Zhejiang province]. Bing Du Xue Bao 2010; 26:45-52. [PMID: 20329558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Based on sequencing the full-length genomes of four Chinese Ferret-Badger and dog, we analyze the properties of rabies viruses genetic variation in molecular level, get the information about rabies viruses prevalence and variation in Zhejiang, and enrich the genome database of rabies viruses street strains isolated from China. Rabies viruses in suckling mice were isolated, overlapped fragments were amplified by RT-PCR and full-length genomes were assembled to analyze the nucleotide and deduced protein similarities and phylogenetic analyses from Chinese Ferret-Badger, dog, sika deer, vole, used vaccine strain were determined. The four full-length genomes were sequenced completely and had the same genetic structure with the length of 11, 923 nts or 11, 925 nts including 58 nts-Leader, 1353 nts-NP, 894 nts-PP, 609 nts-MP, 1575 nts-GP, 6386 nts-LP, and 2, 5, 5 nts- intergenic regions(IGRs), 423 nts-Pseudogene-like sequence (psi), 70 nts-Trailer. The four full-length genomes were in accordance with the properties of Rhabdoviridae Lyssa virus by BLAST and multi-sequence alignment. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences among Chinese strains had the highest similarity, especially among animals of the same species. Of the four full-length genomes, the similarity in amino acid level was dramatically higher than that in nucleotide level, so the nucleotide mutations happened in these four genomes were most synonymous mutations. Compared with the reference rabies viruses, the lengths of the five protein coding regions had no change, no recombination, only with a few point mutations. It was evident that the five proteins appeared to be stable. The variation sites and types of the four genomes were similar to the reference vaccine or street strains. And the four strains were genotype 1 according to the multi-sequence and phylogenetic analyses, which possessed the distinct district characteristics of China. Therefore, these four rabies viruses are likely to be street viruses already existing in the natural world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Liang Lei
- Lishui Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lishui 323000, China
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Meng SL, Yan JX, Xu GL, Nadin-Davis SA, Ming PG, Liu SY, Wu J, Ming HT, Zhu FC, Zhou DJ, Xiao QY, Dong GM, Yang XM. A molecular epidemiological study targeting the glycoprotein gene of rabies virus isolates from China. Virus Res 2006; 124:125-38. [PMID: 17129631 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2006.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2006] [Revised: 10/10/2006] [Accepted: 10/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A group of 31 rabies viruses (RABVs), recovered primarily from dogs, one deer and one human case, were collected from various areas in China between 1989 and 2006. Complete G gene sequences determined for these isolates indicated identities of nucleotide and amino acid sequences of >or=87% and 93.8%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of these and some additional Chinese isolates clearly supported the placement of all Chinese viruses in Lyssavirus genotype 1 and divided all Chinese isolates between four distinct groups (I-IV). Several variants identified within the most commonly encountered group I were distributed according to their geographical origins. A comparison of representative Chinese viruses with other isolates retrieved world-wide indicated a close evolutionary relationship between China group I and II viruses and those of Indonesia while China group III viruses formed an outlying branch to variants from Malaysia and Thailand. China group IV viruses were closely related to several vaccine strains. The predicted glycoprotein sequences of these RABVs variants are presented and discussed with respect to the utility of the anti-rabies biologicals currently employed in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Li Meng
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, Wuhan 430060, China
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