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Cheng WL, Chao SP, Zhao F, Cai HH, Zeng Z, Cao JL, Jin Z, Deng KQ, Hu X, Wang H, Lu Z. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 5 protects against intimal hyperplasia by regulation of macrophage polarization via directly targeting PPARγ. Inflamm Res 2024:10.1007/s00011-024-01875-8. [PMID: 38642079 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-024-01875-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Intimal hyperplasia is a serious clinical problem associated with the failure of therapeutic methods in multiple atherosclerosis-related coronary heart diseases, which are initiated and aggravated by the polarization of infiltrating macrophages. The present study aimed to determine the effect and underlying mechanism by which tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 5 (TRAF5) regulates macrophage polarization during intimal hyperplasia. METHODS TRAF5 expression was detected in mouse carotid arteries subjected to wire injury. Bone marrow-derived macrophages, mouse peritoneal macrophages and human myeloid leukemia mononuclear cells were also used to test the expression of TRAF5 in vitro. Bone marrow-derived macrophages upon to LPS or IL-4 stimulation were performed to examine the effect of TRAF5 on macrophage polarization. TRAF5-knockout mice were used to evaluate the effect of TRAF5 on intimal hyperplasia. RESULTS TRAF5 expression gradually decreased during neointima formation in carotid arteries in a time-dependent manner. In addition, the results showed that TRAF5 expression was reduced in classically polarized macrophages (M1) subjected to LPS stimulation but was increased in alternatively polarized macrophages (M2) in response to IL-4 administration, and these changes were demonstrated in three different types of macrophages. An in vitro loss-of-function study with TRAF5 knockdown plasmids or TRAF5-knockout mice revealed high expression of markers associated with M1 macrophages and reduced expression of genes related to M2 macrophages. Subsequently, we incubated vascular smooth muscle cells with conditioned medium of polarized macrophages in which TRAF5 expression had been downregulated or ablated, which promoted the proliferation, migration and dedifferentiation of VSMCs. Mechanistically, TRAF5 knockdown inhibited the activation of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages by directly inhibiting PPARγ expression. More importantly, TRAF5-deficient mice showed significantly aggressive intimal hyperplasia. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, this evidence reveals an important role of TRAF5 in the development of intimal hyperplasia through the regulation of macrophage polarization, which provides a promising target for arterial restenosis-related disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Lin Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Sheng-Ping Chao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Fang Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Huan-Huan Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ziyue Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jian-Lei Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhili Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ke-Qiong Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiaorong Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hairong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Zhibing Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Chao SP, Cheng WL, Yi W, Cai HH, Deng K, Cao JL, Zeng Z, Wang H, Wu X. N-Acetylcysteine Alleviates Phenylephrine-Induced Cardiomyocyte Dysfunction via Engaging PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway. Am J Hypertens 2024; 37:230-238. [PMID: 37864839 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpad100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress response lead to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis, which play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of heart failure. The purpose of current research was to explore the role of antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on cardiomyocyte dysfunction and the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS Compared with control group without NAC treatment, NAC dramatically inhibited the cell size of primary cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) tested by immunofluorescence staining and reduced the expression of representative markers associated with hypertrophic, fibrosis and apoptosis subjected to phenylephrine administration examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot. Moreover, enhanced ROS expression was attenuated, whereas activities of makers related to oxidative stress response examined by individual assay Kits, including total antioxidation capacity (T-AOC), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and primary antioxidant enzyme Superoxide dismutase (SOD) were induced by NAC treatment in NRCMs previously treated with phenylephrine. Mechanistically, we noticed that the protein expression levels of phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and AKT were increased by NAC stimulation. More importantly, we identified that the negative regulation of NAC in cardiomyocyte dysfunction was contributed by PI3K/AKT signaling pathway through further utilization of PI3K/AKT inhibitor (LY294002) or agonist (SC79). CONCLUSIONS Collected, NAC could attenuate cardiomyocyte dysfunction subjected to phenylephrine, partially by regulating the ROS-induced PI3K/AKT-dependent signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Ping Chao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, WuhanChina
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Lin Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, WuhanChina
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjuan Yi
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan-Huan Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, WuhanChina
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Keqiong Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, WuhanChina
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Lei Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, WuhanChina
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziyue Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, WuhanChina
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hairong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, WuhanChina
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, WuhanChina
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Jiao L, Yi W, Chang YR, Cheng WL, Cao JL, Chao SP, Zhao F, Lu Z. Inhibition of P21-activated Kinase 1 Promotes Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Apoptosis Through Reduction of Phosphorylation of Bad. Am J Hypertens 2024; 37:46-52. [PMID: 36634025 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpad007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND P21-activated kinase 1 (Pak1) has an effect on cell apoptosis and has recently been reported to play an important role in various cardiovascular diseases, in which vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) apoptosis is a key process. Thus, we hypothesized that Pak1 may be a novel target to regulate VSMC behaviors. METHODS AND RESULTS In the present study, we found that the expression of Pak1 was dramatically upregulated in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) on H2O2 administration and was dependent on stimulation time. Through a loss-of-function approach, Pak1 knockdown increased apoptosis of VSMCs, as tested by TUNEL (TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling) immunofluorescence staining, whereas it inhibited the proliferation of VSMCs examined by EdU staining. Moreover, we also noticed that Pak1 silencing promoted the mRNA and protein levels of pro-apoptosis genes but decreased anti-apoptosis marker expression. Importantly, we showed that Pak1 knockdown reduced the phosphorylation of Bad. Moreover, increased Pak1 expression was also noticed in carotid arteries on the wire jury. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified that Pak1 acted as a novel regulator of apoptosis of VSMCs partially through phosphorylation of Bad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jiao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wenjuan Yi
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yu-Rong Chang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wen-Lin Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jian-Lei Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Sheng-Ping Chao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Fang Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhibing Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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Cheng WL, Zhang Q, Cao JL, Chen XL, Li W, Zhang L, Chao SP, Zhao F. ALK7 Acts as a Positive Regulator of Macrophage Activation through Down-Regulation of PPARγ Expression. J Atheroscler Thromb 2020; 28:375-384. [PMID: 32641645 PMCID: PMC8147563 DOI: 10.5551/jat.54445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Activin receptor-like kinase 7 (ALK7) acts as a key receptor for TGF-β family members, which play important roles in regulating cardiovascular activity. However, ALK7's potential role, and underlying mechanism, in the macrophage activation involved in atherogenesis remain unexplored. Methods: ALK7 expression in macrophages was tested by RT-PCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence co-staining. The loss-of-function strategy using AdshALK7 was performed for functional study. Oil Red O staining was used to observe the foam cell formation, while inflammatory mediators and genes related to cholesterol efflux and influx were determined by RT-PCR and western blot. A PPARγ inhibitor (G3335) was used to reveal whether PPARγ was required for ALK7 to affect macrophage activation. Results: The results exhibited upregulated ALK7 expression in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) induced bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) and mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPMs), isolated from ApoE-deficient mice, while ALK7's strong immunoreactivity in BMDMs was observed. ALK7 knockdown significantly attenuated pro-inflammatory, but promoted anti-inflammatory, macrophage markers expression. Additionally, ALK7 silencing decreased foam cell formation, accompanied by the up-regulation of ABCA1 and ABCG1 involved in cholesterol efflux but the down-regulation of CD36 and SR-A implicated in cholesterol influx. Mechanistically, ALK7 knockdown upregulated PPARγ expression, which was required for the ameliorated effect of ALK7 silencing macrophage activation. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that ALK7 was a positive regulator for macrophage activation, partially through down-regulation of PPARγ expression, which suggested that neutralizing ALK7 might be promising therapeutic strategy for treating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Lin Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan hospital, Wuhan University
| | - Quan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Jian-Lei Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan hospital, Wuhan University
| | - Xi-Lu Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Wenyan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Nanchang
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan hospital, Wuhan University
| | - Sheng-Ping Chao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan hospital, Wuhan University
| | - Fang Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan hospital, Wuhan University
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