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AlHudaib KA, Almaghasla MI, El-Ganainy SM, Arshad M, Drou N, Sattar MN. High-Throughput Sequencing Identified Distinct Bipartite and Monopartite Begomovirus Variants Associated with DNA-Satellites from Tomato and Muskmelon Plants in Saudi Arabia. Plants (Basel) 2022; 12:6. [PMID: 36616136 PMCID: PMC9824426 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The studies on the prevalence and genetic diversity of begomoviruses in Saudi Arabia are minimal. In this study, field-grown symptomatic tomato and muskmelon plants were collected, and initially, begomovirus infection was confirmed by the core coat protein sequences. Four tomato and two muskmelon plants with viral infections were further evaluated for Illumina MiSeq sequencing, and twelve sequences (2.7-2.8 kb) equivalent to the full-length DNA-A or DNA-B components of begomoviruses were obtained along with eight sequences (~1.3-1.4 kb) equivalent to the begomovirus-associated DNA-satellite components. Four begomovirus sequences obtained from tomato plants were variants of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) with nt sequence identities of 95.3-100%. Additionally, two tomato plants showed a mixed infection of TYLCV and cotton leaf curl Gezira virus (CLCuGeV), okra yellow crinkle Cameroon alphasatellite (OYCrCMA), and okra leaf curl Oman betasatellite (OLCuOMB). Meanwhile, from muskmelon plants, two sequences were closely related (99-99.6%) to the tomato leaf curl Palampur virus (ToLCPalV) DNA-A, whereas two other sequences showed 97.9-100% sequence identities to DNA-B of ToLCPalV, respectively. Complete genome sequences of CLCuGeV and associated DNA-satellites were also obtained from these muskmelon plants. The nt sequence identities of the CLCuGeV, OYCrCMA, and OLCuOMB isolates obtained were 98.3-100%, 99.5-100%, and 95.6-99.7% with their respective available variants. The recombination was only detected in TYLCV and OLCuOMB isolates. To our knowledge, this is the first identification of a mixed infection of bipartite and monopartite begomoviruses associated with DNA-satellites from tomato and muskmelon in Saudi Arabia. The begomovirus variants reported in this study were clustered with Iranian isolates of respective begomovirus components in the phylogenetic dendrogram. Thus, the Iranian agroecological route can be a possible introduction of these begomoviruses and/or their associated DNA-satellites into Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid A. AlHudaib
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Pests and Plant Diseases Unit, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa I. Almaghasla
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Pests and Plant Diseases Unit, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif M. El-Ganainy
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Bioinformatics Core, Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nizar Drou
- Bioinformatics Core, Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muhammad N. Sattar
- Central Laboratories, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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Shalaby TA, Taha NA, Taher DI, Metwaly MM, El-Beltagi HS, Rezk AA, El-Ganainy SM, Shehata WF, El-Ramady HR, Bayoumi YA. Paclobutrazol Improves the Quality of Tomato Seedlings to Be Resistant to Alternaria solani Blight Disease: Biochemical and Histological Perspectives. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:plants11030425. [PMID: 35161406 PMCID: PMC8840709 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The production and quality of tomato seedlings needs many growth factors and production requirements besides controlling the phytopathogens. Paclobutrazol (PBZ) has benefit applications in improving crop productivity under biotic stress (Alternaria solani, the causal agent of early blight disease in tomatoes). In the current study, the foliar application of PBZ, at rates of 25, 50, and 100 mg L-1, was evaluated against early blight disease in tomatoes under greenhouse conditions. The roles of PBZ to extend tomato seedling lives and handling in nurseries were also investigated by measuring different the biochemical (leaf enzymes, including catalase and peroxidase) and histological attributes of tomato seedlings. Disease assessment confirmed that PBZ enhanced the quality of tomato seedlings and induced resistance to early blight disease post inoculation, at 7, 14, and 21 days. Higher values in chlorophyll content, enzyme activities, and anatomical features of stem (cuticle thickness) and stomata (numbers and thickness) were recorded, due to applied PBZ. This may support the delay of the transplanting of tomato seedlings without damage. The reason for this extending tomato seedling life may be due to the role of PBZ treatment in producing seedlings to be greener, more compact, and have a better root system. The most obvious finding to emerge from this study is that PBZ has a distinguished impact in ameliorating biotic stress, especially of the early blight disease under greenhouse conditions. Further studies, which consider molecular variables, will be conducted to explore the role of PBZ in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek A. Shalaby
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agricultural and Food Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (T.A.S.); (H.S.E.-B.)
| | - Naglaa A. Taha
- Agricultural Research Center, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Giza 12619, Egypt; (N.A.T.); (A.A.R.)
| | - Dalia I. Taher
- Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Vegetable Crops Research Department, Horticulture Research Institute, Giza 12619, Egypt;
| | - Metwaly M. Metwaly
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | - Hossam S. El-Beltagi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agricultural and Food Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
- Correspondence: (T.A.S.); (H.S.E.-B.)
| | - Adel A. Rezk
- Agricultural Research Center, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Giza 12619, Egypt; (N.A.T.); (A.A.R.)
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agricultural and Food Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sherif M. El-Ganainy
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agricultural and Food Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Agricultural Research Center, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Giza 12619, Egypt; (N.A.T.); (A.A.R.)
| | - Wael F. Shehata
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agricultural and Food Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Plant Production Department, College of Environmental Agricultural Science, El–Arish University, North Sinai 45511, Egypt
| | - Hassan R. El-Ramady
- Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | - Yousry A. Bayoumi
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt;
- Physiology & Breeding of Horticultural Crops Laboratory, Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
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Alhudaib KA, El-Ganainy SM, Almaghasla MI, Sattar MN. Characterization and Control of Thielaviopsis punctulata on Date Palm in Saudi Arabia. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:plants11030250. [PMID: 35161231 PMCID: PMC8839011 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is the most important edible fruit crop in Saudi Arabia. Date palm cultivation and productivity are severely affected by various fungal diseases in date palm-producing countries. In recent years, black scorch disease has emerged as a devastating disease affecting date palm cultivation in the Arabian Peninsula. In the current survey, leaves and root samples were collected from deteriorated date palm trees showing variable symptoms of neck bending, leaf drying, tissue necrosis, wilting, and mortality of the entire tree in the Al-Ahsa region of Saudi Arabia. During microscopic examination, the fungus isolates growing on potato dextrose agar (PDA) media produced thick-walled chlamydospores and endoconidia. The morphological characterization confirmed the presence of Thielaviopsis punctulata in the date palm plant samples as the potential agent of black scorch disease. The results were further confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), sequencing, and phylogenetic dendrograms of partial regions of the ITS, TEF1-α, and β-tubulin genes. The nucleotide sequence comparison showed that the T. punctulata isolates were 99.9-100% identical to each other and to the T. punctulata isolate identified from Iraq-infecting date palm trees. The pathogenicity of the three selected T. punctulata isolates was also confirmed on date palm plants of Khalas cultivar. The morphological, molecular, and pathogenicity results confirmed that T. punctulata causes black scorch disease in symptomatic date palm plants in Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, seven commercially available fungicides were also tested for their potential efficacy to control black scorch disease. The in vitro application of the three fungicides Aliette, Score, and Tachigazole reduced the fungal growth zone by 86-100%, respectively, whereas the in vivo studies determined that the fungicides Aliette and Score significantly impeded the mycelial progression of T. punctulata with 40% and 73% efficiency, respectively. These fungicides can be used in integrated disease management (IDM) strategies to curb black scorch disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid A. Alhudaib
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.A.); (S.M.E.-G.); (M.I.A.)
- Plant Pests, and Diseases Unit, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif M. El-Ganainy
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.A.); (S.M.E.-G.); (M.I.A.)
- Plant Pests, and Diseases Unit, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Vegetable Diseases Research Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, ARC, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Mustafa I. Almaghasla
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.A.); (S.M.E.-G.); (M.I.A.)
- Plant Pests, and Diseases Unit, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad N. Sattar
- Central Laboratories, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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