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Sack D, Canapp D, Canapp S, Majeski S, Curry J, Sutton A, Cullen R. Iliopsoas strain demographics, concurrent injuries, and grade determined by musculoskeletal ultrasound in 72 agility dogs. Can J Vet Res 2023; 87:196-201. [PMID: 37397635 PMCID: PMC10291697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to describe patient demographics associated with iliopsoas strains, frequency of common concurrent injuries, and associated strain grades based on musculoskeletal ultrasound. The medical records of 72 client-owned agility dogs that had an iliopsoas musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSK-US) between 2009 and 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Analyses included patient signalment, physical examination, and diagnostic findings. Twenty-four breeds of canine athletes from 1.5 to 10 y old (median: 5 y, SD: 2.2 y) were included in the study. Of the 72 records reviewed, border collies were the most common breed (27.8%, 20/72) reported. Isolated iliopsoas strains occurred in 26.4% (19/72) of cases. Concurrent pathology was noted in 73.6% (53/72) of cases. Cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) instability was the most common concurrent pathology, representing 27.8% (20/72) of all cases, with hip (8.3%, 6/72), lumbosacral (23.6%, 17/72), other non-CCL hind limb (6.9%, 5/72), and forelimb (6.9%, 5/72) pathologies making up the remainder of cases with concurrent pathology. In patients with a concurrent hind limb injury, 96.7% (30/31) of dogs had their most severe iliopsoas strain grade on the same limb. MSK-US revealed Grade I strains in 54.2%, Grade II strains in 22.2%, Grade III strains in 5.2%, and chronic changes in 18.1% of cases. There were no statistically significant associations between iliopsoas strain grade and age, body weight, sex, breed, concurrent pathology, anatomic location of concurrent pathology, or sidedness of concurrent pathology. Iliopsoas strains are one of the most common agility dog injuries; however, patient demographics, prevalence of concurrent injury and correlation with MSK-US findings have not been previously reported. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first retrospective analysis reporting iliopsoas strain demographics, concurrent injury frequency and correlation with MSK-US evaluation in agility dogs. Although 26.4% of iliopsoas strains occurred as isolated injuries, 73.6% had concurrent injuries, with CCL instability present most commonly, occurring in 27.8% of cases. Dogs should be thoroughly evaluated for concurrent injuries when presenting with an iliopsoas strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Sack
- Veterinary Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Group, 10975 Guilford Road Ste B, Annapolis Junction, Maryland 20701, USA (Sack, Canapp D, Canapp S, Majeski, Curry, Cullen); Canapp Sports Medicine, 6030 Daybreak Circle, Clarksville, Maryland 21029, USA (Canapp D, Canapp S, Sutton)
| | - Debra Canapp
- Veterinary Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Group, 10975 Guilford Road Ste B, Annapolis Junction, Maryland 20701, USA (Sack, Canapp D, Canapp S, Majeski, Curry, Cullen); Canapp Sports Medicine, 6030 Daybreak Circle, Clarksville, Maryland 21029, USA (Canapp D, Canapp S, Sutton)
| | - Sherman Canapp
- Veterinary Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Group, 10975 Guilford Road Ste B, Annapolis Junction, Maryland 20701, USA (Sack, Canapp D, Canapp S, Majeski, Curry, Cullen); Canapp Sports Medicine, 6030 Daybreak Circle, Clarksville, Maryland 21029, USA (Canapp D, Canapp S, Sutton)
| | - Stephanie Majeski
- Veterinary Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Group, 10975 Guilford Road Ste B, Annapolis Junction, Maryland 20701, USA (Sack, Canapp D, Canapp S, Majeski, Curry, Cullen); Canapp Sports Medicine, 6030 Daybreak Circle, Clarksville, Maryland 21029, USA (Canapp D, Canapp S, Sutton)
| | - Jeff Curry
- Veterinary Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Group, 10975 Guilford Road Ste B, Annapolis Junction, Maryland 20701, USA (Sack, Canapp D, Canapp S, Majeski, Curry, Cullen); Canapp Sports Medicine, 6030 Daybreak Circle, Clarksville, Maryland 21029, USA (Canapp D, Canapp S, Sutton)
| | - Angela Sutton
- Veterinary Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Group, 10975 Guilford Road Ste B, Annapolis Junction, Maryland 20701, USA (Sack, Canapp D, Canapp S, Majeski, Curry, Cullen); Canapp Sports Medicine, 6030 Daybreak Circle, Clarksville, Maryland 21029, USA (Canapp D, Canapp S, Sutton)
| | - Robert Cullen
- Veterinary Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Group, 10975 Guilford Road Ste B, Annapolis Junction, Maryland 20701, USA (Sack, Canapp D, Canapp S, Majeski, Curry, Cullen); Canapp Sports Medicine, 6030 Daybreak Circle, Clarksville, Maryland 21029, USA (Canapp D, Canapp S, Sutton)
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Cherno B, Alvarez L, Lamb KE, Canapp S. The Stryker Regenkit PRP Kit Does Not Concentrate Canine Platelets. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:555909. [PMID: 33195528 PMCID: PMC7649807 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.555909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) works to recruit growth factors, anti-inflammatory mediators, and blood supply to an area that may not heal well under normal conditions (e.g., joints, tendons, ligaments). Previous research has demonstrated that various PRP systems create vastly different final products. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cellular composition of the final plasma product using the Stryker RegenKit system in dogs. A peripheral blood sample was obtained from ten healthy adult dogs and compared to the final plasma product. A standard CBC was performed prior to testing and an additional sample was processed according the manufacturing guidelines for obtaining PRP (10 ml total blood). Comparisons of mean platelet count, erythrocyte count, and leukocyte count were made between the peripheral blood sample and the final plasma product. Results showed that there was no significant difference in platelet count between the peripheral blood CBC and final PRP CBC (p = 0.349). There were significantly fewer erythrocytes and leukocytes in the final plasma product when compared with peripheral blood (p = < 0.0001, p = 0.0318, respectively). These results indicate that the Stryker Regenkit PRP Kit decreases leukocyte and erythrocyte concentrations but does not consistently change platelet concentrations in its final plasma product. This study, in combination with results from similar studies, may allow clinicians to better choose the appropriate PRP system to treat various musculoskeletal conditions in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry Cherno
- Integrative and Rehabilitative Medicine Department, Animal Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Leilani Alvarez
- Integrative and Rehabilitative Medicine Department, Animal Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kenneth E Lamb
- Lamb Statistical Consulting LLC, West Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Sherman Canapp
- Veterinary Orthopedic and Sports Medicine, Annapolis Junction, MD, United States
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Chun N, Canapp S, Carr BJ, Wong V, Curry J. Validation and Characterization of Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Feline: A Prospective Analysis. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:512. [PMID: 32851053 PMCID: PMC7431485 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To quantitate key parameters of the platelet-rich plasma (PRP) product from a commercially available system1 in healthy, adult felines. Materials and methods: A prospective study was performed from January 2019 to April 2019. 11 adult, healthy cats were used to prospectively analyze a commercially available PRP system1. A whole blood sample and a PRP sample that was processed immediately following blood draw according to the manufacturer's protocol were collected from each cat. The mean whole blood and PRP product platelet, RBC, WBC, neutrophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte concentrations were determined. The mean PRP product values were compared to the mean whole blood baseline values using a paired t-test with significance established at p = 0.05. Results: Mean platelet concentration was significantly increased (p = 0.0155). Mean RBC concentration was significantly decreased (p < 0.0001). Mean neutrophil concentration was significantly decreased (p < 0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference in mean WBC, monocyte, and lymphocyte concentrations. Clinical Relevance: The analyzed PRP system increased platelet concentration, while significantly reducing the RBC and neutrophil concentrations. Further study is warranted to determine the clinical applications and efficacy of PRP in felines, and the ideal concentrations of and relationships between platelets, red blood cells, and leukocytes needed for therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Chun
- Veterinary Orthopedic and Sports Medicine, Annapolis Junction, MD, United States
| | - Sherman Canapp
- Veterinary Orthopedic and Sports Medicine, Annapolis Junction, MD, United States.,Orthobiologic Innovations, LLC, Annapolis Junction, MD, United States
| | - Brittany Jean Carr
- Veterinary Orthopedic and Sports Medicine, Annapolis Junction, MD, United States
| | - Valerie Wong
- IDEXX BioResearch, West Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Jeff Curry
- Orthobiologic Innovations, LLC, Annapolis Junction, MD, United States
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Carr B, Canapp S, Chun N, Gaver A. Clinical Efficacy of Platelet Rich Plasma for the Treatment of Elbow Osteoarthritis in Twenty Dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1668217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Carr
- Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Veterinary Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Group, Annapolis Junction, Maryland, United States
| | - Sherman Canapp
- Veterinary Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Group, Annapolis Junction, Maryland, United States
| | - Nicole Chun
- Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Veterinary Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Group, Annapolis Junction, Maryland, United States
| | - Ashley Gaver
- Research and Development, Veterinary Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Group, Annapolis Junction, Maryland, United States
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Fox E, Dycus D, Leasure C, Fox H, Canapp S. Average Tibial Plateau Angle of 3,922 Stifles Undergoing Surgical Stabilization for Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1668207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Fox
- Veterinary Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Group, Annapolis Junction, Maryland, United States
| | - David Dycus
- Veterinary Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Group, Annapolis Junction, Maryland, United States
| | - Christopher Leasure
- Veterinary Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Group, Annapolis Junction, Maryland, United States
| | - Herbert Fox
- Veterinary Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Group, Annapolis Junction, Maryland, United States
| | - Sherman Canapp
- Veterinary Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Group, Annapolis Junction, Maryland, United States
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Cullen R, Canapp D, Dycus D, Carr B, Ibrahim V, Canapp S. Clinical Evaluation of Iliopsoas Strain with Findings from Diagnostic Musculoskeletal Ultrasound in Agility Performance Canines – 73 Cases. VE 2017. [DOI: 10.18849/ve.v2i2.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Iliopsoas injury and strain is a commonly diagnosed disease process, especially amongst working and sporting canines. There has been very little published literature regarding iliopsoas injuries and there is no information regarding the ultrasound evaluation of abnormal iliopsoas muscles. This manuscript is intended to describe the ultrasound findings in 73 canine agility athletes who had physical examination findings consistent with iliopsoas discomfort. The population was chosen given the high incidence of these animals for the development of iliopsoas injury; likely due to repetitive stress.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical records of 73 agility performance canines that underwent musculoskeletal ultrasound evaluation of bilateral iliopsoas muscle groups were retrospectively reviewed. Data included signalment, previous radiographic findings, and ultrasound findings. A 3-tier grading scheme for acute strains was used while the practitioner also evaluated for evidence of chronic injury and bursitis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority of pathologies were localised to the tendon of insertion, with the majority being low grade I-II strains (80.8%). Tendon fibre disruption (71.2%) and indistinct hypoechoic lesions (91.8%) were the most common of acute changes noted. Hyperechoic chronic changes were noted in 84.9 percent of cases. Acute and chronic changes were commonly seen together (62.8%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Diagnostic musculoskeletal ultrasound was used to identify lesions of the iliopsoas tendon consistent with acute and chronic injury, as well as identifying the region of pathology. The majority of agility performance dogs had low grade acute strains based on the tiered system, with mixed acute and chronic lesions being noted frequently.</p><p><strong>Application: </strong>Diagnostic musculoskeletal ultrasound provides a non-invasive diagnostic modality for patients suspected of having an iliopsoas strain.</p><br /> <img src="https://www.veterinaryevidence.org/rcvskmod/icons/oa-icon.jpg" alt="Open Access" /> <img src="https://www.veterinaryevidence.org/rcvskmod/icons/pr-icon.jpg" alt="Peer Reviewed" />
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