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Jarrell JA, Baker MC, Perugino CA, Liu H, Bloom MS, Maehara T, Wong HH, Lanz T, Adamska JZ, Kongpachith S, Sokolove J, Stone JH, Pillai SS, Robinson WH. Neutralizing anti-IL-1 receptor antagonist autoantibodies induce inflammatory and fibrotic mediators in IgG4-related disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:358-368. [PMID: 33974929 PMCID: PMC8573062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a fibroinflammatory condition involving loss of B-cell tolerance and production of autoantibodies. However, the relevant targets and role of these aberrant humoral immune responses are not defined. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to identify novel autoantibodies and autoantigen targets that promote pathogenic responses in IgG4-RD. METHODS We sequenced plasmablast antibody repertoires in patients with IgG4-RD. Representative mAbs were expressed and their specificities characterized by using cytokine microarrays. The role of anti-IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) autoantibodies was investigated by using in vitro assays. RESULTS We identified strong reactivity against human IL-1RA by using a clonally expanded plasmablast-derived mAb from a patient with IgG4-RD. Plasma from patients with IgG4-RD exhibited elevated levels of reactivity against IL-1RA compared with plasma from the controls and neutralized IL-1RA activity, resulting in inflammatory and fibrotic mediator production in vitro. IL-1RA was detected in lesional tissues from patients with IgG4-RD. Patients with anti-IL-1RA autoantibodies of the IgG4 subclass had greater numbers of organs affected than did those without anti-IL-1RA autoantibodies. Peptide analyses identified IL-1RA epitopes targeted by anti-IL-1RA antibodies at sites near the IL-1RA/IL-1R interface. Serum from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) also had elevated levels of anti-IL-1RA autoantibodies compared with those of the controls. CONCLUSION A subset of patients with IgG4-RD have anti-IL-1RA autoantibodies, which promote proinflammatory and profibrotic meditator production via IL-1RA neutralization. These findings support a novel immunologic mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of IgG4-RD. Anti-IL-1RA autoantibodies are also present in a subset of patients with SLE and RA, suggesting a potential common pathway in multiple autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A. Jarrell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA,Institute for Immunity, Transplant and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA,VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto
| | - Matthew C. Baker
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Hang Liu
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Michelle S. Bloom
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA,Institute for Immunity, Transplant and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA,VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto
| | - Takashi Maehara
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Heidi H. Wong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA,Institute for Immunity, Transplant and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA,VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto
| | - Tobias Lanz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA,Institute for Immunity, Transplant and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA,VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto,Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Julia Z. Adamska
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA,Institute for Immunity, Transplant and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA,VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto
| | - Sarah Kongpachith
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA,Institute for Immunity, Transplant and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA,VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto
| | - Jeremy Sokolove
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA,Institute for Immunity, Transplant and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA,VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto
| | - John H. Stone
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Shiv S. Pillai
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - William H. Robinson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA,Institute for Immunity, Transplant and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA,VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto,Corresponding Author: William H. Robinson, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Tel: 650-849-1207.
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Lemieux JE, Li A, Gentili M, Perugino CA, Weiss ZF, Bowman K, Ankomah P, Liu H, Lewis GD, Bitar N, Lipiner T, Hacohen N, Pillai SS, Goldberg MB. Vaccine serologic responses among transplant patients associate with COVID-19 infection and T peripheral helper cells. medRxiv 2021. [PMID: 34282426 DOI: 10.1101/2021.07.11.21260338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Therapeutically immunosuppressed transplant recipients exhibit attenuated responses to COVID-19 vaccines. To better understand the immune alterations that determined poor vaccine response, we correlated quantities of circulating T and B cell subsets at baseline with longitudinal serologic responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in heart and lung transplant recipients. Methods Samples at baseline and at approximately 8 and 30 days after each vaccine dose for 22 heart and lung transplant recipients with no history of COVID-19, four heart and lung transplant recipients with prior COVID-19 infection, and 12 healthy controls undergoing vaccination were analyzed. Anti-spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG and pseudovirus neutralization activity were measured. Proportions of B and T cell subsets at baseline were comprehensively quantitated. Results At 8-30 days post vaccination, healthy controls displayed robust anti-RBD IgG responses, whereas heart and lung transplant recipients showed minimally increased responses. A parallel absence of activity was observed in pseudovirus neutralization. In contrast, three of four (75%) transplant recipients with prior COVID-19 infection displayed robust responses at levels comparable to controls. Baseline levels of activated PD-1 + HLA-DR + CXCR5 - CD4 + T cells (also known as T peripheral helper [T PH ] cells) and CD4+ T cells strongly predicted the ability to mount a response. Conclusions Immunosuppressed patients have defective vaccine responses but can be induced to generate neutralizing antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Strong correlations of vaccine responsiveness with baseline T PH and CD4 + T cell numbers highlights a role for T helper activity in B cell differentiation into antibody secreting cells during vaccine response.
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Villamor DEV, Pillai SS, Eastwell KC. Systemic infection and symptom development of agro-inoculated cDNA clone of cherry rusty mottle-associated virus in sweet cherry (Prunus avium). Virus Res 2021; 296:198330. [PMID: 33556414 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cherry rusty mottle-associated virus (CRMaV), which belongs the genus Robigovirus of the family Betaflexiviridae, is strongly associated with cherry rusty mottle disease of sweet cherry, Prunus avium. Here, we report on the successful development of an Agrobacterium-based inoculation system for a cloned CRMaV cDNA construct. Agro-inoculation of virus-free cherry rootstock 'Krymsk6' [P. cerasus x (P. cerasus x P. maackii)] resulted in the development of chlorotic yellow mottle symptoms on systemic leaves beginning at 50 days post inoculation. The presence of CRMaV in 'Krymsk6' agro-inoculated plants was confirmed by RT-PCR and ELISA. Subsequently, CRMaV from agro-inoculated 'Krymsk6' was graft-transmissible onto virus-free sweet cherry rootstock P. avium 'Mazzard' as evidenced by the production of typical cherry rusty mottle symptoms beginning at 35 days post grafting, and further confirmed by western blotting and RT-PCR. These results showed conclusively that CRMaV is the causal agent of cherry rusty mottle disease in sweet cherry. The reverse genetic system presented in this study can be used as a tool to investigate the molecular biology of CRMaV and also a template for infectious clone development for other viruses in the genus Robigovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E V Villamor
- Washington State University, Department of Plant Pathology, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Prosser, WA, 99350, United States.
| | - S S Pillai
- Washington State University, Department of Plant Pathology, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Prosser, WA, 99350, United States
| | - K C Eastwell
- Washington State University, Department of Plant Pathology, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Prosser, WA, 99350, United States
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Villamor DEV, Pillai SS, Eastwell KC. High throughput sequencing reveals a novel fabavirus infecting sweet cherry. Arch Virol 2016; 162:811-816. [PMID: 27815695 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-3141-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The genus Fabavirus currently consists of five species represented by viruses that infect a wide range of hosts but none reported from temperate climate fruit trees. A virus with genomic features resembling fabaviruses (tentatively named Prunus virus F, PrVF) was revealed by high throughput sequencing of extracts from a sweet cherry tree (Prunus avium). PrVF was subsequently shown to be graft transmissible and further identified in three other non-symptomatic Prunus spp. from different geographical locations. Two genetic variants of RNA1 and RNA2 coexisted in the same samples. RNA1 consisted of 6,165 and 6,163 nucleotides, and RNA2 consisted of 3,622 and 3,468 nucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E V Villamor
- Department of Plant Pathology, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA, 99350, USA.
| | - S S Pillai
- Department of Plant Pathology, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA, 99350, USA
| | - K C Eastwell
- Department of Plant Pathology, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA, 99350, USA
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Byrne TN, Stone JH, Pillai SS, Rapalino O, Deshpande V. Case Records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 31-2016. A 53-Year-Old Man with Diplopia, Polydipsia, and Polyuria. N Engl J Med 2016; 375:1469-1480. [PMID: 27732818 DOI: 10.1056/nejmcpc1610097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas N Byrne
- From the Departments of Neurology (T.N.B.), Rheumatology (J.H.S.), Radiology (O.R.), and Pathology (V.D.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Departments of Neurology (T.N.B.), Rheumatology (J.H.S.), Radiology (O.R.), and Pathology (V.D.) and the Ragon Institute (S.S.P.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston
| | - John H Stone
- From the Departments of Neurology (T.N.B.), Rheumatology (J.H.S.), Radiology (O.R.), and Pathology (V.D.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Departments of Neurology (T.N.B.), Rheumatology (J.H.S.), Radiology (O.R.), and Pathology (V.D.) and the Ragon Institute (S.S.P.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston
| | - Shiv S Pillai
- From the Departments of Neurology (T.N.B.), Rheumatology (J.H.S.), Radiology (O.R.), and Pathology (V.D.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Departments of Neurology (T.N.B.), Rheumatology (J.H.S.), Radiology (O.R.), and Pathology (V.D.) and the Ragon Institute (S.S.P.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston
| | - Otto Rapalino
- From the Departments of Neurology (T.N.B.), Rheumatology (J.H.S.), Radiology (O.R.), and Pathology (V.D.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Departments of Neurology (T.N.B.), Rheumatology (J.H.S.), Radiology (O.R.), and Pathology (V.D.) and the Ragon Institute (S.S.P.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston
| | - Vikram Deshpande
- From the Departments of Neurology (T.N.B.), Rheumatology (J.H.S.), Radiology (O.R.), and Pathology (V.D.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Departments of Neurology (T.N.B.), Rheumatology (J.H.S.), Radiology (O.R.), and Pathology (V.D.) and the Ragon Institute (S.S.P.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston
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Maehara T, Mattoo H, Ohta M, Mahajan VS, Moriyama M, Yamauchi M, Drijvers J, Nakamura S, Stone JH, Pillai SS. Lesional CD4+ IFN-γ+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes in IgG4-related dacryoadenitis and sialoadenitis. Ann Rheum Dis 2016; 76:377-385. [PMID: 27358392 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-209139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a chronic, systemic, inflammatory condition of unknown aetiology. We have recently described clonally expanded circulating CD4+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in IgG4-RD that infiltrate affected tissues where they secrete interleukin (IL)-1β and transforming growth factor -β1 (TGF-β1). In this study, we sought to examine the role of CD4+ CTLs in the pathogenesis of IgG4-related dacryoadenitis and sialoadenitis (IgG4-DS) and to determine whether these cells secrete interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) at lesional sites. METHODS Salivary glands of 25 patients with IgG4-DS, 22 patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS), 12 patients with chronic sialoadenitis (CS) and 12 healthy controls were analysed in this study. Gene expression analysis was performed on submandibular glands (SMGs) from five patients with IgG4-DS, three with CS and three healthy controls. Infiltrating CD4+ CTLs were examined by quantitative multicolour imaging in tissue samples from 20 patients with IgG4-DS, 22 patients with SS, 9 patients with CS and 9 healthy controls. RESULTS In IgG4-DS tissues, nine genes associated with CD4+ CTLs were overexpressed. The expression of granzyme A (GZMA) mRNA was significantly higher in samples from patients with IgG4-RD compared with corresponding tissues from SS and healthy controls. Quantitative imaging showed that infiltrating CD4+ GZMA+ CTLs were more abundant in patients with IgG4-DS than in the other groups. The ratio of CD4+GZMA+ CTLs in SMGs from patients with IgG4-DS correlated with serum IgG4 concentrations and the number of affected organs. A large fraction of CD4+GZMA+ CTLs in SMGs from patients with IgG4-DS secreted IFN-γ. CONCLUSIONS The pathogenesis of IgG4-DS is associated with tissue infiltration by CD4+GZMA+ CTLs that secrete IFN-γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Maehara
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hamid Mattoo
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Miho Ohta
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Vinay S Mahajan
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Masafumi Moriyama
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Faculty of Dental Science, OBT Research Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaki Yamauchi
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jefte Drijvers
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Seiji Nakamura
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - John H Stone
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shiv S Pillai
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Villamor DEV, Mekuria TA, Pillai SS, Eastwell KC. High-Throughput Sequencing Identifies Novel Viruses in Nectarine: Insights to the Etiology of Stem-Pitting Disease. Phytopathology 2016; 106:519-527. [PMID: 26780433 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-07-15-0168-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown the superiority of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technology over many standard protocols for pathogen detection. HTS was initiated on fruit tree accessions from disparate sources to improve and advance virus-testing procedures. A virus with genomic features resembling most closely that of the recently described Nectarine stem-pitting-associated virus, putative member of genus Luteovirus, was found in three nectarine trees (Prunus persica cv. nectarina), each exhibiting stem-pitting symptoms on the woody cylinder above the graft union. In these samples, HTS also revealed the presence of a coinfecting virus with genome characteristics typical of members of the genus Marafivirus. The same marafivirus- and luteovirus-like viruses were detected in nonsymptomatic nectarine and peach selections, indicating only a loose relationship between these two viruses with nectarine stem-pitting disease symptoms. Two selections infected with each of these viruses had previously tested free of known virus or virus-like agents using the current biological, serological, and molecular tests employed at the Clean Plant Center Northwest. Overall, this study presents the characterization by HTS of novel marafivirus- and luteovirus-like viruses of nectarine, and provides further insights into the etiology of nectarine stem-pitting disease. The discovery of these new viruses emphasizes the ability of HTS to reveal viruses that are not detected by existing protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E V Villamor
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University-Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Prosser 99350
| | - T A Mekuria
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University-Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Prosser 99350
| | - S S Pillai
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University-Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Prosser 99350
| | - K C Eastwell
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University-Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Prosser 99350
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Abstract
Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an immune-mediated condition that can affect almost any organ and is now being recognized with increasing frequency. IgG4-RD is characterized by a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate composed of IgG4(+) plasma cells, storiform fibrosis, obliterative phlebitis, and mild to moderate eosinophilia. The diagnosis of IgG4-RD unifies many eponymous fibroinflammatory conditions that had previously been thought to be confined to single organs. IgG4-RD lesions are infiltrated by T helper cells, which likely cause progressive fibrosis and organ damage. IgG4 antibodies are generally regarded as noninflammatory. Although autoreactive IgG4 antibodies are observed in IgG4-RD, there is no evidence that they are directly pathogenic. Rituximab-induced B cell depletion in IgG4-RD leads to rapid clinical and histological improvement accompanied by swift declines in serum IgG4 concentrations. Although IgG autoantibodies against various exocrine gland antigens have been described in IgG4-RD, whether they are members of the IgG4 subclass is unknown. The contribution of autoantibodies to IgG4-RD remains unclear.
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Ganesan J, Pillai SS, Gudum HR. The spectrum of histologically diagnosed malignant neoplasms in Sabah, 1983-1988. Med J Malaysia 1991; 46:116-22. [PMID: 1839414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Malignant neoplasms diagnosed histologically in the state of Sabah during the period November 1983 to October 1988 were analysed to determine the distribution of malignant neoplasms according to site, age, sex and major ethnic groups. The five commonest malignant neoplasms in males were carcinomas of the nasopharynx, stomach, skin, lung and liver. In females the five commonest malignant neoplasms were carcinomas of the cervix uteri, breast, ovary, thyroid and skin. There was variation in these frequencies among the major ethnic groups. The most striking of these was the high frequency of nasopharyngeal carcinoma among Kadazan and Chinese males but not in males of the other indigenous groups. A significant number of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma was found in the younger age groups and most of the patients in the younger age groups were Kadazans. A relatively high frequency of carcinoma of the stomach, skin and liver was seen among Kadazans and other indigenous groups while carcinoma of the lung was seen relatively frequently among Chinese males. Among females carcinomas of the breast and cervix uteri were the most frequent malignant neoplasms in all the main ethnic groups. Possible reasons for these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ganesan
- Division of Histopathology, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur
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Cheong YM, Ng YP, Ong SC, Chang PT, Pillai SS. Detection of Helicobacter pylori from endoscopic biopsies and the biochemical characteristics of these isolates. Malays J Pathol 1990; 12:97-100. [PMID: 2102969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (formerly Campylobacter pylori) has been recently described as a gastritis-associated bacterium. We examined endoscopic biopsies of 100 patients with dyspepsia and found H. pylori in the gastric antrum of 34 (34%) by either culture, urease tests and/or histology. Thirty-one out of 41 patients (75.6%) confirmed to have chronic active gastritis histologically had H. pylori in their gastric antrum compared to 3 out of 59 patients (5.1%) with dyspepsia but normal histology (p less than 0.01). Histological examination, using gram stain and the Warthin-Starry Silver stain, detected 29 of the 34 positive cases (85.3%); urease test, 26 cases (76.5%) and culture, 22 cases (64.7%). A combination of histological examination and urease test increased the detection rate to 97.1%. Therefore we felt that for the detection of H. pylori in endoscopic biopsies, culture, which is time consuming and expensive, is not necessary in routine diagnosis as it did not improve the diagnostic rate over a combination of histology and urease test. A comparative study on three media (blood agar, chocolate agar and Skirrow's agar) used in the isolation of the organism showed that non-selective blood agar and chocolate agar were superior to Skirrow's agar. The strains isolated appeared to be homogeneous in their morphological and biochemical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Cheong
- Division of Bacteriology, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur
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Abstract
We report an unusual case of bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy caused by gross oesophageal distension due to achalasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Wickramasinghe
- Department of Medicine for the Elderly, District General Hospital, Sunderland, UK
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Panse VG, Rajagopalan M, Pillai SS. Estimation of crop yields for small areas. Biometrics 1966; 22:374-84. [PMID: 5961452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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