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Sivaraman NK, Gaur M, Baijal S, Muthiah SB, Sheth A. Exo-SIR: an epidemiological model to analyze the impact of exogenous spread of infection. Int J Data Sci Anal 2022:1-16. [PMID: 35694047 PMCID: PMC9169602 DOI: 10.1007/s41060-022-00334-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Epidemics like Covid-19 and Ebola have impacted people's lives significantly. The impact of mobility of people across the countries or states in the spread of epidemics has been significant. The spread of disease due to factors local to the population under consideration is termed the endogenous spread. The spread due to external factors like migration, mobility, etc., is called the exogenous spread. In this paper, we introduce the Exo-SIR model, an extension of the popular SIR model and a few variants of the model. The novelty in our model is that it captures both the exogenous and endogenous spread of the virus. First, we present an analytical study. Second, we simulate the Exo-SIR model with and without assuming contact network for the population. Third, we implement the Exo-SIR model on real datasets regarding Covid-19 and Ebola. We found that endogenous infection is influenced by exogenous infection. Furthermore, we found that the Exo-SIR model predicts the peak time better than the SIR model. Hence, the Exo-SIR model would be helpful for governments to plan policy interventions at the time of a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal Kumar Sivaraman
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The LNM Institute of Information Technology, Jaipur, India
| | - Manas Gaur
- AI Institute, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - Shivansh Baijal
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The LNM Institute of Information Technology, Jaipur, India
| | - Sakthi Balan Muthiah
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The LNM Institute of Information Technology, Jaipur, India
| | - Amit Sheth
- AI Institute, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
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Powell R, Murukesh N, Seeva P, Solanki A, Singh A, Jain A, Elmasry A, Jegannathen A, Irwin A, Ghafoor Q, O'Sullivan B, Taniere P, Baijal S. 67P Clinical outcomes of resected EGFR positive stage I-III NSCLC patients in the Midlands, UK. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1556-0864(21)01909-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lam J, Bridgewater J, Alani M, Mullamitha S, Braun M, Kunene V, Baijal S, Holden C, Aboud K, Chopra N, Escola CL, Rao A, Samuel L, Denton A, Grumett S, Melcher L, Muthuramalingam S, Sankey P, Saunders M, Shiu KK. 502P Nivolumab, alone or with ipilimumab, for mismatch repair deficient metastatic colorectal cancer: A United Kingdom multicentre analysis of patient outcomes. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Powell R, Kussaibati R, Page E, Wingate E, Khan A, Stevenson R, Ghafoor Q, Baijal S. Durvalumab for stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): early access programme (EAP) in University Hospitals Birmingham (UHB), UK. Lung Cancer 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(20)30136-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kussaibati R, Bosch P, Powell R, Tilby M, Robinson A, Baijal S. Management of stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); outcomes from University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust (UHB). Lung Cancer 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(20)30121-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Powell R, Kussaibati R, Khan A, Sivapalasuntharam A, Wilson P, Chowdhary R, Murukesh N, Jain A, Iqbal M, Ghafoor Q, Baijal S. First-line and beyond: West Midlands real-world data for EGFR mutant (EGFRm) NSCLC. Lung Cancer 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(20)30166-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Powell R, Kussaibati R, Baijal S. Optimising management of EGFR mutant NSCLC through circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) monitoring. Lung Cancer 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(19)30135-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Powell R, Kussaibati R, Baijal S. Resistance beyond osimertinib. Lung Cancer 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(19)30133-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Gomes F, Yip K, Tokaca N, Greystoke A, Escriu C, Conibear J, Ghosh S, Doherty G, Funingana I, Ahmad T, Ahmed S, Cox R, Newsom-Davis T, Mills H, Shah R, Dorey N, Harle A, Dancey G, Baijal S, Geldart T, Ghafoor Q, Tarver K, Talbot T, Forster M, Cove-Smith L, Califano R, Blackhall F, Popat S, Summers Y. The ALK project: a real-world national network and database. Lung Cancer 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(19)30121-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gandhi R, Kussaibati R, Powell R, Baijal S. Efficacy and safety of systemic treatment for older lung cancer patients. Lung Cancer 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(19)30213-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Khandelwal A, Kapoor A, Khandelwal R, Agarwal D, Gupta S, Baijal S. 3:45 PM Abstract No. 337 Radiofrequency ablation of parathyroid adenomas to treat clinically significant hypercalcemia. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.01.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Taniere P, Taniere P, Smith M, O'Sullivan B, Hughes F, Mullis T, Trim N, Baijal S, Ghafoor Q, Middleton G. EGFR plasma testing in routine practice by real-time PCR in lung cancer patients: Experience of 262 patients. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx363.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Kapoor A, Khandelwal A, Baijal S. Biliary complications in paediatric patient population post living donor liver transplant (LDLT): Outcomes of percutaneous interventions. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2016.12.811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Yip K, Conibear J, Woolf D, Tarver K, Willis B, Hall S, Sun F, Kuhan H, Lambourne B, Piskilidis P, Kussaibati R, Martin L, Satar NA, Gray C, Khan A, Doherty G, Prewett S, Smith M, Dancey G, Patterson D, Rimmer Y, Hollingdale A, Ingle C, Tasigiannopoulos Z, Aslam S, Waite K, Polychronis A, Ghafoor Q, Baijal S, Newsom-Davis T, Shah R, Forster M, Mulatero C, Greystoke A, Postmus P, Blackhall F, Gilligan D. 62: A retrospective multicentre audit of outcome among patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangement positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who have been treated with crizotinib in England. Lung Cancer 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(17)30112-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bancroft H, Kussaibati R, Hanna T, Langman G, Baijal S. 80: Testing for programmed death receptor ligand (PD-L1) in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients; the Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust (HEFT) experience. Lung Cancer 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(17)30130-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Baijal S, jain D, Khandelwal A, Kapoor A, Jain V. Percutaneous bilio-gastric anastomosis for biliary strictures in living donor liver transplant recipients. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2015.12.554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Kussaibati R, Mansukhani S, Chan L, Herring K, Baijal S. 20 Testing for epidermal growth factor (EFGR) mutation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients; the Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust (HEFT) experience. Lung Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(14)70021-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ramachandra S, Saigal S, Saraf N, Kakodkar R, Mohanka R, Goja S, Rastogi A, Menon B, Baijal S, Soin A. 23 postliver biopsy arterioportal fistula in living donor liver transplant-a case report. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2011; 1:143-4. [PMID: 25755352 PMCID: PMC3940248 DOI: 10.1016/s0973-6883(11)60160-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Miscoria M, Pirrie S, Baijal S, Tew A, James ND, Porfiri E. Analysis of survival after disease progression in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) who failed treatment with sunitinib. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.e15154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Abstract
Febrile neutropenia (FN) causes significant morbidity and mortality in patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy and can lead to reduced chemotherapy dose intensity and increased overall treatment costs. Antibiotic prophylaxis reduces the incidence of FN. Recent research and meta-analyses confirm that prophylactic fluoroquinolones decrease FN and infection-related mortality in patients with acute leukaemia and those receiving high-dose chemotherapy. Fluoroquinolone prophylaxis also lowers the incidence of FN and all-cause mortality following the first cycle of myelosuppressive chemotherapy for solid tumours. Levofloxacin has been the agent studied most thoroughly in this context. Although there is no convincing evidence that colonisation of individuals with resistant organisms due to antibiotic prophylaxis increases FN or mortality, such concerns must be taken seriously and the use of prophylaxis should be limited responsibly for patients with the greatest chance of benefit. Fluoroquinolone prophylaxis is well tolerated and cost-effective and should be offered to patients receiving chemotherapy for haematological malignancies and high-dose chemotherapy for solid tumours in which prolonged (>7 days) neutropenia is expected. It should also be considered for those receiving chemotherapy for solid tumours and lymphomas during the first cycle of chemotherapy when grade 4 neutropenia is anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cullen
- University Hospital Birmingham Cancer Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK.
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Baijal S, Gupta R. 1.302 Training cortical networks in attention deficit disorder. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(08)70537-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Gupta R, Khanduri A, Agarwal DK, Sawlani V, Baijal S, Choudhuri G. Biliary ascariasis associated with periampullary carcinoma. Indian J Gastroenterol 1995; 14:102-3. [PMID: 7657361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A 65 year old man presented with obstructive jaundice, biliary colics and recurrent cholangitis. Sonography revealed dilated intrahepatic biliary radicles and common bile duct. Bile duct also showed linear parallel intraluminal structures suggesting biliary ascariasis. The lower end of common bile duct and pancreatic region showed a mass which proved to be a coexistent periampullary carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gupta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow
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