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El-Shobokshy SA, Abo-Samaha MI, Khafaga AF, Fakiha KG, Khatab SA, Abdelmaksoud EM, Khalek Soltan MA, Othman SI, Rudayni HA, Allam AA, Emam M. The beneficial effect of nanomethionine supplementation on growth performance, gene expression profile, and histopathology of heat-stressed broiler chicken. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103206. [PMID: 37980757 PMCID: PMC10663956 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of nanomethionine (nano-meth) on performance, antioxidants, and gene expression of HSP70, HSP90 and Heat Shock factor-1 (HSF-1) from the liver, and TLR4 from the jejunum, of broiler chickens reared under normal temperatures or under heat stress. Three hundred 1-day-old chicks were randomly assigned to 5 treatment groups. Group 1 served as control. Under normal temperature, birds in group 2 received nano-meth (10 mL/L of drinking water) from d1 until the experiment ended. Group 3 birds were heat-stressed (HS) and did not receive any supplementation. Group 4 received nano-meth in the same dose from d1 old until experiment ended, and the birds were exposed to HS. Group 5 birds were HS and received supplementation of nano-meth during the HS period only. Nano-meth improved (P < 0.0001) final body weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and also decreased (P < 0.0001) the effect of HS on growth performance. Reduction (P < 0.0001) in malondialdehyde and changes in antioxidant enzymes GPX and CAT activity indicated the antioxidant effect of nano-meth. Nano-meth supplementation caused an increase in the expression of HSP70 , HSP90 and HSF1, and a downregulation of TLR4 gene expression. Additionally, nano-meth-supplemented groups showed marked improvement in the histological liver structure, intestinal morphology and villus height compared to control or HS groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Set A El-Shobokshy
- Department of Nutrition and Veterinary Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22758, Egypt
| | - Magda I Abo-Samaha
- Poultry Breeding and Production, Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22758, Egypt
| | - Asmaa F Khafaga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22758, Egypt.
| | - Khloud G Fakiha
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shymaa A Khatab
- Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22758, Egypt
| | | | - Mosaad Abdel Khalek Soltan
- Department of Nutrition and Veterinary Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22758, Egypt
| | - Sarah I Othman
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Rudayni
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Muhammad bin Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Allam
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-suef University, Beni-suef 65211, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Emam
- Department of Nutrition and Veterinary Clinical Nutrition, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
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Shaaban SI, Talat D, Khatab SA, Nossair MA, Ayoub MA, Ewida RM, Diab MS. An investigative study on the zoonotic potential of Helicobacter pylori. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:16. [PMID: 36670434 PMCID: PMC9859744 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03572-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common bacterial infections and is widespread globally. It causes a variety of gastrointestinal disorders, though a great proportion of infections are asymptomatic. A total of 143 fresh stool samples were collected from apparently healthy farm and pet animals (43 cattle, 50 buffaloes, 50 sheep, 50 dogs, and 50 cats), in addition to 768 human stool samples. The samples were examined using stool antigen and rapid antibody tests, and further confirmation of glmM "human antigen-positive samples and animal milk samples" was conducted by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS The prevalence rates of H. pylori infection in animals were 22.2% and 16% in antibody and stool antigen tests, respectively. The detection rates were 28%, 24%, 12%, 10%, and 4.7% in cats, dogs, buffaloes, sheep, and cattle, respectively. On the other hand, the prevalence rate of H. pylori infection in human stool samples was 74.8%, and a statistically significant association was observed between prevalence and several factors, such as sex, age, and locality. PCR was performed to detect the glmM gene of H. pylori, and this gene was found in 21 of 27 human antigen-positive samples and 5 of 13 animal milk samples. CONCLUSIONS H. pylori was detected in both human and animal samples. Furthermore, glmM was found in milk and human samples. Our findings suggest that pet and farm animals could transmit H. pylori infection to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah I. Shaaban
- grid.449014.c0000 0004 0583 5330Department of Animal Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511 Egypt
| | - Dalia Talat
- grid.449014.c0000 0004 0583 5330Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Shymaa A. Khatab
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Genetics and Genetic Engineering. Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Nossair
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Department of Animal Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mousa A. Ayoub
- grid.449014.c0000 0004 0583 5330Department of Animal Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511 Egypt
| | - Rania M. Ewida
- grid.252487.e0000 0000 8632 679XDepartment of Food Hygiene (Milk Hygiene), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, New Valley University, Kharga Oasis, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Said Diab
- grid.252487.e0000 0000 8632 679XDepartment of Animal Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, New Valley University, Kharga Oasis, Egypt
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El-Shobokshy SA, Abo-Samaha MI, El-Maksoud EMA, Khatab SA, Khafaga AF, Wirtu G. Influence of Nano-Methionine supplementation in drinking water on growth performance, lipid metabolism, and related gene expression in broiler chicken. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2022; 9:743-753. [PMID: 36714509 PMCID: PMC9868780 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2022.i644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The study aimed to determine how Nano-Methionine (Nano-Meth) affected growth, lipid metabolism, and relative gene expression for acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), growth hormone receptor (GHR), insulin-like growth factor receptor-1 (IGFR-1), myostatin (MSTN), and cholecystokinin (CCK) genes in broiler chickens. Materials and Methods A total of 100 1-day-old broilers were randomly assigned into 2 groups: 1) the control group received drinking water without any supplements, and 2) the Nano-Meth group received 10 ml/l of 5% Nano-Meth starting from 1 day old until 35 days old (the end of the experiment). Results Nano-Meth improved final body weight, weight gains, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio. Compared to the control group, Nano-Meth significantly lowered the serum levels of triglyceride, cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein in chickens. Nano-Meth significantly increased the serum levels of total protein, albumin, high-density lipoprotein, and glucose more than the control group. Nano-Meth lowered the mRNA gene expression of ACC, FAS, MSTN, and CCK but increased that of GHR and IGFR-1. Conclusions We concluded that supplementation with Nano-Meth enhances growth performance and decreases lipid accumulation in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Set A. El-Shobokshy
- Department of Nutrition and Veterinary Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Magda I. Abo-Samaha
- Poultry Breeding and Production, Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eman M. Abd El-Maksoud
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Shymaa A. Khatab
- Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Asmaa F. Khafaga
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Gemechu Wirtu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, USA
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Abouzed TK, Soliman MM, Khatab SA, Gouda WM, Eldomany EB, Dorghamm DA. The protective impacts of Spirulina platensis against cisplatin-induced renal injury through the regulation of oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines and Bax/Bcl2. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2022; 11:169-178. [PMID: 35237421 PMCID: PMC8882809 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the main antineoplastic chemotherapy medications is cisplatin, of which nephropathy is a major side effect. In this current study, we aim to investigate the molecular protective effect of Spirulina platensis (SP) on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. In total, 48 healthy male albino rats were allocated into 4 groups. Group 1 received saline intraperitoneally (IP) twice per week (normal rats). Group 2 received SP (100 mg/kg BW orally). Group 3 were injected with cisplatin (1.5 mg/kg IP) twice per week. Group 4 received SP and on the 4th day received cisplatin (1.5 mg/kg IP) for 21 days. After 3 weeks of experiment, blood and renal tissues were taken for serum analysis, gene expression using qRT-polymerase chain reaction, and renal histopathology. As per our findings, it was found that SP significantly ameliorated the alterations in body weight, relative kidney weight, and the disturbance in examined renal markers. Furthermore, SP recovered and restored cisplatin-induced oxidative stress biomarkers (MDA and NO) and antioxidant activity (SOD and GSH) and cisplatin-induced upregulation in the gene expression of TNF-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase, TGF1-β, IL-1β, and IL-6. Interestingly, these gene expressions were ameliorated by the SP pre-administration. Furthermore, cisplatin upregulated pro-apoptotic gene Bax, whereas it downregulated anti-apoptotic gene Bcl2. Interestingly, SP mitigated this alteration in apoptosis and anti-apoptotic associated genes. Renal histopathology revealed the protective impacts of SP against cisplatin-induced severe glomerular congestion, hemorrhage, inflammatory cell infiltration, degeneration, and severe necrosis in renal glomeruli and tubules. In conclusion, SP has a protective effect against cisplatin-induced renal damage through modulating oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory, anti-necrotic, and anti-apoptotic-associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Kamal Abouzed
- Correspondence address. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, El Gaish Street Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egyt. Tel/Fax: 047/3116211; E-mail: and
| | - Mohamed Mohamed Soliman
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shymaa A Khatab
- Genetics and Genetic Engineering Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21944, Egypt
| | - Wael M Gouda
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhur 22511, Egypt
| | - Ehab B Eldomany
- Department of Biotechnology and Life sciences, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Doaa Abdullah Dorghamm
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
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Abouzed TK, Eldomany EB, Khatab SA, Aldhahrani A, Gouda WM, Elgazzar AM, Soliman MM, Kassab MA, El-Shazly SA, Althobaiti F, Dorghamm DA. The modulatory effect of bee honey against diethyl nitrosamine and carbon tetrachloride instigated hepatocellular carcinoma in Wistar rats. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:1092-1103. [PMID: 34992771 PMCID: PMC8693075 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a serious threat to human health that has attracted substantial interest. The purpose of this study was to investigate the modulatory effect of bee honey against induced HCC by diethylnitrosamine/carbon tetrachloride (DEN/CCl4) in rats. HCC was induced by a single intraperitoneal dose of DEN (200 mg/kg B.W). Two weeks later, CCl4 (1 ml/kg) was intraperitoneally injected (three times a week). Bee honey was administered orally at 2 g/rat before and after the induction of HCC. The results showed that bee honey administration significantly increased body weight, decreased liver weight, and relative liver weight compared to those in the HCC-induced group. Moreover, a significant decrease in serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) as well as AST, ALT, GGT, ALP activities were observed in bee honey administration rats compared with those in HCC-induced group. Also, the hepatic MDA was significantly decreased; in addition, SOD, CAT, and GPx activities were significantly increased in groups treated with bee honey compared with those in the HCC group. The hepatic histopathology alterations caused by DEN/CCl4 injection were ameliorated by bee honey treatment. Likewise, the mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), transforming growth factor (TGF-β1), intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), glypican (GP-3), thioredoxin (TRX), and glutaredoxin (GRX) were downregulated, and caspase-3 was upregulated by bee honey treatment compared with untreated HCC-induced group. In conclusion, bee honey has remarkable beneficial effects against HCC induced in rats through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, and antimetastatic effects. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The current study confirmed that honey has the potential to act as an antimetastatic factor. Bee honey supplementation either before or after combined injection of DEN/CCl4 exhibited inhibitory and ameliorative effects against DEN/CCl4-induced HCC through its antioxidant, antiproliferative, anti-metastatic, antifibrotic, and apoptosis properties. To our knowledge, this is the first study to describe the molecular mechanisms underlying honey's effects against DEN/CCl4-induced HCC in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Kamal Abouzed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Ehab B Eldomany
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-suef University, Beni-suef, Egypt
| | - Shymaa A Khatab
- Genetics and Genetic Engineering Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Adil Aldhahrani
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael M Gouda
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhur University, Damanhur, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Elgazzar
- Department of Veterinary Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mohamed Soliman
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohmed Atef Kassab
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr-Elsheikh University, Kafr-Elsheikh, Egypt
| | - Samir Ahmed El-Shazly
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Fayez Althobaiti
- Biotechnology Department, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21995, Saudi Arabia
| | - Doaa Abdallha Dorghamm
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
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Khatab SA, Hemeda SA, El-Nahas AF, Abd El Naby WSH, Hassan S, Alorabi JA, Dawood MAO. Intra- and inter-breed variation in immune response to acute and sub-chronic Salmonella infection and commercial immune-stimulant in two-layer breeds. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:2353-2361. [PMID: 34498429 PMCID: PMC8604112 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is one of the most hazardous diseases in poultry farms. Markedly, the application of active immunostimulants is illustrated as potential protective agents against infection in poultry farms. Thus, this work aimed to explore inter- and intra-breed variation in response to acute and subchronic Salmonella enteritidis infection in two-layer breeds (one commercial [Hy-line strain] and another native [Fayoumi breed]). Besides exploring the possible protective effect of a commercial immune modulator (STIMULAN) on the two breeds during the acute infection. The ELISA antibody titer in sub-chronic infections and the expression analysis of some selected genes (IL-1β, LITAF, TGF-β, HSP90 and HSP70) are used as the clinical signs for acute infections to assess the possible protective role of a commercial immunomodulator (STIMULAN). Five groups were used during the acute experiment: G1-control; G2a-susceptible; G2b-resistant birds, G3-which received STIMULAN and G4-which received the infection + STIMULAN. The groups with sub-chronic infections include G1 (control), G2 (high antibody titer) and G3 (low antibody titer). The gene expressions among the susceptible birds during acute infection of both breeds are nearly similar. They only differ in the expression of HSP90 in the Fayoumi breed. However, the resistant birds vary in their gene expression profile. The effect of STIMULAN as a feed additive in non-infected birds was an up-regulation of LITAF, TGF-β, HSP90 in Fayoumi. Moreover, a powerful stimulatory role was observed when both breeds were infected. Both breeds were asymptomatic during the sub-chronic infection. Although, the increased expression of inflammatory-related genes in the Hy-line was considered as an indication of infection persistence. Fayoumi is capable of immune clearance for this infection. Thus, the Fayoumi breed is more resistant to acute Salmonella infection. HSP90 plays a vital role in its resistance. We recommend the use of STIMULAN as an immunomodulator during Salmonella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shymaa A Khatab
- Genetics Laboratory, Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Shabaan A Hemeda
- Genetics Laboratory, Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abeer F El-Nahas
- Genetics Laboratory, Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Walaa S H Abd El Naby
- Genetics Laboratory, Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sabry Hassan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamal A Alorabi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
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Shourbela RM, Khatab SA, Hassan MM, Van Doan H, Dawood MAO. The Effect of Stocking Density and Carbon Sources on the Oxidative Status, and Nonspecific Immunity of Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) Reared under Biofloc Conditions. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11010184. [PMID: 33466791 PMCID: PMC7829823 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The present study investigated the effect of stocking density and dietary carbon sources on the water quality, oxidative status and immune-related of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reared under biofloc conditions (BFT). Eight groups were established at two levels of stocking densities (140 fish per m3: low stocking density, LSD) and (280 fish per m3: high stocking density, HSD) (5.15 ± 1.12 g) and kept in eight biofloc units containing water without carbon sources (control groups) or with glycerol, molasses, or starch. Overall, this study has reported that immune response gene expression is better in LSD than HSD and improved by carbon addition. More specifically, based on the overall performances of tilapia reared under LSD or HSD, using molasses is recommended as a carbon source to promote the performances and health status of Nile tilapia cultured in a biofloc system. Abstract The present study investigated the effect of stocking density and dietary carbon sources on the water quality, oxidative status, and immune-related genes of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reared under biofloc conditions (BFT). Eight groups were established at two levels of stocking densities (140 fish per m3: low stocking density, LSD) and (280 fish per m3: high stocking density, HSD) (5.15 ± 1.12 g) and kept in eight biofloc units containing water without carbon sources (control groups) or with glycerol, molasses, or starch. Red blood cells count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit values were reduced in fish stocked in control groups at LSD and HSD than biofloc groups. Control fish groups reared at both LSD and HSD have the highest significant (p < 0.05) white blood cells number than other fish groups. Meanwhile, fish groups that received glycerol, molasses, and starch maintained in both LSD and HSD presented a higher significant (p < 0.05) monocyte % than in the control group reared at both LSD and HSD. The fish group reared in biofloc conditions (BFT) using starch carbon source and reared at the HSD presented a significantly higher (p < 0.05) increase in total serum protein and albumin levels as well as globulin value than the control fish group reared at both LSD and HSD. The highest glucose and cortisol levels were showed in the control fish group reared at both LSD and HSD. Fish maintained in glycerol-based biofloc at LSD attained the highest (p < 0.05) serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), and catalase than other experimental groups. Regarding the nonspecific immune status, significantly increased expression of CC-chemokines, CXC-chemokines, TLR7 and IL-8 genes was found in molasses based biofloc groups. The data of the present study revealed that using molasses promotes health status of Nile tilapia cultured in a biofloc system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramy M. Shourbela
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22758, Egypt;
| | - Shymaa A. Khatab
- Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22758, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed M. Hassan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Sheben El-Kom 51132, Egypt
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Innoviative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: (H.V.D.); (M.A.O.D.)
| | - Mahmoud A. O. Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
- Center for Applied Research on the Environment and Sustainability, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
- Correspondence: (H.V.D.); (M.A.O.D.)
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