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Parks SC, Nguyen S, Nasrolahi S, Bhat C, Juncaj D, Lu D, Ramaswamy R, Dhillon H, Fujiwara H, Buchman A, Akbari OS, Yamanaka N, Boulanger MJ, Dillman AR. Parasitic nematode fatty acid- and retinol-binding proteins compromise host immunity by interfering with host lipid signaling pathways. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1010027. [PMID: 34714893 PMCID: PMC8580252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic nematodes cause significant morbidity and mortality globally. Excretory/secretory products (ESPs) such as fatty acid- and retinol- binding proteins (FARs) are hypothesized to suppress host immunity during nematode infection, yet little is known about their interactions with host tissues. Leveraging the insect parasitic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae, we describe here the first in vivo study demonstrating that FARs modulate animal immunity, causing an increase in susceptibility to bacterial co-infection. Moreover, we show that FARs dampen key components of the fly immune response including the phenoloxidase cascade and antimicrobial peptide (AMP) production. Our data also reveal that FARs deplete lipid signaling precursors in vivo as well as bind to these fatty acids in vitro, suggesting that FARs elicit their immunomodulatory effects by altering the availability of lipid signaling molecules necessary for an efficient immune response. Collectively, these data support a complex role for FARs in immunosuppression in animals and provide detailed mechanistic insight into parasitism in phylum Nematoda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia C. Parks
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Susan Nguyen
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Shyon Nasrolahi
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Chaitra Bhat
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Damian Juncaj
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Dihong Lu
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Raghavendran Ramaswamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Harpal Dhillon
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Hideji Fujiwara
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Anna Buchman
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Omar S. Akbari
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Naoki Yamanaka
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Martin J. Boulanger
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Adler R. Dillman
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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