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Sensu S, Erdogan N. Are We Where We Want to Be in Undergraduate Pathology Education? Turk Patoloji Derg 2024. [PMID: 38265100 DOI: 10.5146/tjpath.2023.13048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review which aims to examine the recent and current status of pathology education in medical schools, and covers the publications related to undergraduate pathology education published between 2010 January and June 2023. MATERIAL AND METHOD A search was performed through PubMed, Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, and Ulakbim search engines for the Science Citation Index, Science Citation Index Expanded, Emerging Sources Citation Index, Directory of Open Access Journals, Scopus, PubMed as well as TR Dizin indexed articles. The findings are categorized into two periods as 2010 January - 2020 April (pre-COVID-19 pandemic) and May 2020 - 2023 June. A total of 24 reviews/editorials/letters to the editor and 63 research articles in the pre-pandemic period and 11 reviews/ editorials/ letters to the editor and 35 research articles between 2020 May and 2023 June are included in the analysis. RESULTS Currently, medical education generally depends on core education programs with defined learning objectives and outcomes. Moreover, problem-based, case-based, and team-based interactive learning are being used along with traditional didactic courses. Additionally, digital/ web-based/remote education methods have gained prominence after the COVID-19 pandemic. The virtual or augmented reality and 3D drawing applications are offered as a solution for the autopsy and macroscopy courses. A scarce number of publications are found on measuring and evaluating the effectiveness of learning. CONCLUSION Artificial intelligence in pathology education is a topic that looks likely to become important in the near future. National and international comprehensive standardization is a necessity. A joint effort and collective intelligence are needed to achieve the desired goals in undergraduate pathology education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Sensu
- Department of Pathology, İstinye University Faculty of Medicine, ISTANBUL, TURKEY
| | - Nusret Erdogan
- Department of Pathology, İstinye University Faculty of Medicine, ISTANBUL, TURKEY
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Erhan SŞ, Keser SH, Kamalı GH, Sensu S, Dinçer S, Sağlam F. Is it possible that we can increase the lymph node number in cases with rectum tumor receiving neoadjuvant therapy? INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2023; 66:780-785. [PMID: 38084532 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_1230_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Though the recommended sampled lymph node number in colorectal carcinomas is at least 12, due to shrinkage after preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT), it can be difficult to attain that number. Aim Our aim is to increase the lymph node number by applying alcohol fixation on the formalin-fixed resection materials of the patients that received or not received neoadjuvant therapy and to evaluate the changes in staging due to obtained lymph nodes. Settings and Design Non-randomized controlled trial. Materials and Methods Lymph node dissection was performed in the resection materials with rectum tumor which were formalin- and afterwards, alcohol-fixed. The number of lymph nodes obtained by both of the methods and status of metastasis were evaluated statistically. Results Of the total 76 rectal tumors, 57 had and 19 had not received NCRT. The number of lymph node was adequate in 89.5% cases with no NCRT and in 63.2% cases with NCRT. While no change was observed after the alcohol fixation in the cases fulfilling adequacy criterion among those with no NCRT (p = 1.000), the adequacy rate increased from 63.2% to 87.7% in those with NCRT (p < 0.001). Although statistically insignificant, there was a change in pN stage in eight cases. In three of them, the stage varied from pN0 to pN1c, and in five cases, from pN1a to pN1b. Conclusion Using solutions as alcohol during fixation might facilitate the identification of metastatic lymph nodes, might change the stage of the disease and therefore, might affect the patient-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Şengiz Erhan
- Department of Pathology, Istanbul Prof. Dr. Cemil Taşcıoğlu City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevinç Hallaç Keser
- Department of Pathology, Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gülçin Harman Kamalı
- Department of Pathology, Istanbul Prof. Dr. Cemil Taşcıoğlu City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sibel Sensu
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Istinye, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selvi Dinçer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Istanbul Prof. Dr. Cemil Taşcıoğlu City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fazıl Sağlam
- Department of Surgery, Istanbul Prof. Dr. Cemil Taşcıoğlu City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Gul AE, Keser SH, Barisik NO, Gurbuz YS, Sensu S, Erdogan N. Succinate Dehydrogenase Complex Iron Sulfur Subunit B (SDHB) Immunohistochemistry in Pheochromocytoma, Head and Neck Paraganglioma, Thoraco-Abdomino-Pelvic Paragangliomas: Is It a Good Idea to Use in Routine Work? Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:1721-1729. [PMID: 34181326 PMCID: PMC8418866 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.6.1721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In this study, we aimed to detect Succinate Dehydrogenase Complex Iron Sulfur Subunit B (SDHB) frequency in paragangliomas and pheochromocytomas (PPGL) with immunohistochemistry; compare with Pheochromacytoma of the Adrenal Gland Scaled Score (PASS) classification and analyse the differences between pheochromocytoma (Pheo), head-neck paragangliomas (HNPGL) and thoraco-abdominal-pelvic paraganglioma (TAPPGL) sub-groups. Methods: A total 114 PPGL cases (73 HNPGL, 15 TAPPGL and 27 Pheo belonging to 112 cases) are included. Immunohistochemically, SDHB and Ki-67 are investigated and malignancy risks are determined by PASS classification. Results are assessed statistically with chi-square test and p <0,01 is considered significant. Results: SDHB mutations are observed in 20 of 114 (17.54 %) PPGL cases, 3 (11,12%) of which is Pheo, 12 (16,44) is HNPGL, and 5 (35,71%) is TAPPGL (P <0,02). While 15/82 (18,29%) cases with SDHB mutations do not have a malignancy potential according to PASS classification, 5/32 (15,63%) cases has (p=0,73). TAPPGL, HNPGL and Pheo sub-groups have a significant difference between SDHB expression (p <0,02), malignancy potential according to PASS classification (p <0,0001) and Ki-67 proliferation index (p <0,0001). Conclusion: To identify patients for molecular pathological examination, routine application of SDHB immunohistochemistry to PPGL tumors are suggested especially in HNPGLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Ege Gul
- Health Sciences University, Kartal Lutfi Kirdar Research&Traning Hospital, Pathology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevinc Hallac Keser
- Health Sciences University, Kartal Lutfi Kirdar Research&Traning Hospital, Pathology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nagehan Ozdemir Barisik
- Health Sciences University, Kartal Lutfi Kirdar Research&Traning Hospital, Pathology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Sibel Sensu
- Pathology, Istınye University Medical Faculty, Turkey
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Sensu S, Keser SH, Gurbuz Y, Barisik NO, Gul AE. Clinicopathological Evaluation of 15 Ectopic Adrenal Tissues. Arch Iran Med 2021; 24:301-305. [PMID: 34196190 DOI: 10.34172/aim.2021.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ectopic adrenal tissue is a rare condition associated with embryological development defects seen in many different areas in the abdomen and pelvis. Here, we aimed to discuss the clinicopathological features of ectopic adrenal tissues diagnosed in our clinic, in light of the literature. METHODS We included cases of ectopic adrenal tissues incidentally detected in the specimens from patients undergoing operation for various diagnoses during 2012- March 2020. The cases were examined according to gender, age, location and accompanying pathological diagnoses. During this period, 15 cases of ectopic adrenal tissues (6 paratubal, 3 paraovarian, 2 paratesticular, 1 spermatic cord, 1 paraaortic, 1 liver capsule, 1 omentum) were detected accompanied by two endometrial carcinomas, two serous cystadenomas, one seminoma, one mixed germ cell tumor, one bilateral ovarian serous carcinoma and hepatic high-grade colon adenocarcinoma metastasis. RESULTS In this report, the fifth ectopic adrenal tissue accompanying a malignant testicular tumor, the fifth and sixth ectopic adrenal tissues occurring with ovarian serous cystadenoma, the first case observed with serous cystadenocarcinoma and the first case detected with hepatic adenocarcinoma metastasis are presented. Our cases are mostly women and adult men. CONCLUSION Ectopic adrenal tissues can lead to hormonal problems and also to adrenal cortex and medulla neoplasms. Microscopically, they may be confused with clear cell gynecological and germ cell tumors. If the ectopic focus is misdiagnosed as an implant, a benign entity may be incorrectly reported as malignant. Also, it is important to prevent mis-staging in malignancies. For precise diagnosis, an immunopanel such as inhibin, melan A, and calretinin can be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Sensu
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevinc Hallac Keser
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Kartal Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yesim Gurbuz
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nagehan Ozdemir Barisik
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Kartal Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aylin Ege Gul
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Kartal Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
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İlhan Türkel F, Ege Gül A, Sensu S, Hallaç Keser S, Özdemir Barışık N. Microsatellite Instability in Ovarian Invasive and Borderline Epithelial Tumors and Comparison with Prognostic Parameters. Haseki 2020. [DOI: 10.4274/haseki.galenos.2020.6125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Keser SH, Kandemir NO, Ece D, Gecmen GG, Gul AE, Barisik NO, Sensu S, Buyukuysal C, Barut F. Relationship of mast cell density with lymphangiogenesis and prognostic parameters in breast carcinoma. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2017; 33:171-180. [PMID: 28359404 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In many cancers, mast cell density (MCD) in the tumor microenvironment is associated with tumor progression and, to a greater extent, angiogenesis. Our study was designed to investigate the correlation between MCD, tumor lymphangiogenesis, and several well-established prognostic parameters in breast cancer. One hundred and four cases of invasive breast carcinoma diagnosed in our clinic between 2007 and 2011 were included. Mast cells and lymphatic vessels were stained with toluidine blue and D2-40, respectively, and their densities were calculated in various areas of tumors and lymph nodes. The variables of MCD and lymphatic vessel density (LVD) were compared using prognostic parameters as well as with each other. As tumor size and volume increased, MCD increased comparably in metastatic lymph nodes; intratumoral and peritumoral LVD also increased. Lymphovascular invasion, lymphatic invasion, perineural invasion, and estrogen receptor positivity were positively related to intratumoral MCD. The relationship between peritumoral MCD and nontumoral breast tissue MCD was statistically significant. Stage was correlated with MCD in metastatic lymph nodes. Metastatic lymph node MCD and intratumoral MCD were also significantly related. Stage, lymphatic invasion, perineural invasion, lymphovascular invasion, and metastatic lymph node MCD were all correlated with intratumoral and/or peritumoral LVD. As nuclear grade increased, intratumoral LVD became higher. In breast carcinoma, MCD, depending on its location, was related to several prognostic parameters. Notably, mast cells may have at least some effect on lymphangiogenesis, which appears to be a predictor of tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevinc H Keser
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Nilufer O Kandemir
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey.
| | - Dilek Ece
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gonca G Gecmen
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aylin E Gul
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nagehan O Barisik
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sibel Sensu
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cagatay Buyukuysal
- Department of Biostatistics, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Figen Barut
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
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Keser SH, Gül AE, Barişik NO, Cakir C, Sensu S, Kandemir NO, Karadayi N. The relationship of COX-2 expression with estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and prognostic parameters in endometrial carcinomas. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2010; 36:560-6. [PMID: 20598038 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2010.01179.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Endometrial cancer (EC), which is the most common gynecologic cancer, develops as a result of disruption of the delicate balance between cell proliferation and cell loss, or apoptosis through activation of oncogenesis, or loss of tumor suppressor genes. Among the biochemical factors proposed to give a more detailed characterization of EC biology, estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) play a major role. Most of the studies in the literature have shown increased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in EC. Recent experiments suggest that COX-2 antagonizes cell apoptosis, increases the invasiveness of malignant cells and promotes angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of COX-2 in EC, to study its correlation to established menstrual status, grade, myometrial invasion, lymph node status, stage and ER and PR status. MATERIAL & METHODS The study was performed on 72 ECs. Immunohistochemically was analyzed for ER, PR, and COX-2. RESULTS COX-2 positivity was found in 91.7% of the cases. In 61 cases (84.7%) there was ER positive staining, and in 59 cases (81.9%) PR positive staining was observed. We have not found a statistically significant relation between COX-2 and prognostic factors, ER and PR. CONCLUSIONS A high expression rate still suggests a probable relation with endometrial carcinogenesis. If such a relation exists, new therapeutic options might be available in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevinç Hallaç Keser
- Dr. Lütfi Kirdar Kartal Educational and Research Hospital, Pathology Department, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Gul AE, Keser SH, Barisik NO, Kandemir NO, Cakir C, Sensu S, Karadayi N. The relationship of cerb B 2 expression with estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor and prognostic parameters in endometrial carcinomas. Diagn Pathol 2010; 5:13. [PMID: 20167054 PMCID: PMC2837627 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-5-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the most common malignancy of the female genital tract. Gene alterations and overexpression of various oncogenes are important in tumor development. The human HER 2 neu (c-erbB-2) gene product is a transmembrane receptor with an intracellular tyrosine kinase that plays an important role in coordinating the endometrial growth factor receptor signaling network. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of c-erbB-2 in endometrial cancer, to study its correlation to established prognostic parameters and estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status. Methods Immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses of ER, PR and c-erbB-2 were performed in 72 EC cases. Results We detected a positive staining with c erbB 2 in 18.1% of the cases and determined a statistically significant relation between c-erbB-2 and PR. We could not find a statistically significant relation between c-erbB-2 staining and ER. There was not a statistically significant difference between c-erbB-2 and histological grade. The highest level of c-erbB-2 was found in grade 2 cases. There was not any statistically significant relation between c-erbB-2 and menstrual status, myometrial invasion, lymph node status, stage and survival. Conclusions Although our study provides additional evidence of the potential prognostic role of c-erbB-2, further prospective and controlled studies are required to validate their clinical usefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Ege Gul
- Pathology Department, Dr, Lütfi Kirdar Kartal Educational and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Abstract
Taeniasis is very common all over the world and invades the upper small bowel in humans. It is very unusual to see this parasite in the stomach. We report a case of gastric taeniasis that led to granulomatous gastritis. The elimination of the parasite resulted in complete disappearance of the granulomas in the corpus and antrum and in complete recovery of the patient.
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