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Cella CA, Cazzoli R, Fazio N, De Petro G, Gaudenzi G, Carra S, Romanenghi M, Spada F, Grossi I, Pallavicini I, Minucci S, Vitale G. Cabozantinib in neuroendocrine tumors: tackling drug activity and resistance mechanisms. Endocr Relat Cancer 2023; 30:e230232. [PMID: 37855330 PMCID: PMC10644769 DOI: 10.1530/erc-23-0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are highly vascularized malignancies in which angiogenesis may entail cell proliferation and survival. Among the emerging compounds with antivascular properties, cabozantinib (CAB) appeared promising. We analyzed the antitumor activity of CAB against NETs utilizing in vitro and in vivo models. For cell cultures, we used BON-1, NCI-H727 and NCI-H720 cell lines. Cell viability was assessed by manual count coupled with quantification of cell death, performed through fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis as propidium iodide exclusion assay. In addition, we investigated the modulation of the antiapoptotic myeloid cell leukemia 1 protein under CAB exposure, as a putative adaptive pro-survival mechanism, and compared the responses with sunitinib. The activity of CAB was also tested in mouse and zebrafish xenograft tumor models. Cabozantinib showed a dose-dependent and time-dependent effect on cell viability and proliferation in human NET cultures, besides a halting of cell cycle progression for endoduplication, never reported for other tyrosine kinase inhibitors. In a transplantable zebrafish model, CAB drastically inhibited NET-induced angiogenesis and migration of implanted cells through the embryo body. CAB showed encouraging activity in NETs, both in vitro and in vivo models. On this basis, we envisage future research to further investigate along these promising lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Alessandra Cella
- Division of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, European Institute of Oncology, IEO, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Biology and Genetics, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Cazzoli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, IEO, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Metal Targeted Therapy & Immunology lab, Childrens’ cancer institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicola Fazio
- Division of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, European Institute of Oncology, IEO, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppina De Petro
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Biology and Genetics, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Germano Gaudenzi
- Laboratory of Geriatric and Oncologic Neuroendocrinology Research, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Carra
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Romanenghi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, IEO, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Spada
- Division of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, European Institute of Oncology, IEO, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Grossi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Biology and Genetics, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Isabella Pallavicini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, IEO, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Saverio Minucci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, IEO, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vitale
- Laboratory of Geriatric and Oncologic Neuroendocrinology Research, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Dicitore A, Gaudenzi G, Carra S, Cantone MC, Oldani M, Saronni D, Borghi MO, Grotteschi J, Persani L, Vitale G. Antitumor Activity of Axitinib in Lung Carcinoids: A Preclinical Study. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5375. [PMID: 38001635 PMCID: PMC10669991 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung carcinoids (LCs) comprise well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors classified as typical (TCs) and atypical (ACs) carcinoids. Unfortunately, curative therapies remain elusive for metastatic LCs, which account for 25-30% of cases. This study evaluated the antitumor activity of axitinib (AXI), a second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor selectively targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3) in human lung TC (NCI-H727, UMC-11, NCI-H835) and AC (NCI-H720) cell lines. In vitro and in vivo (zebrafish) assays were performed following AXI treatment to gather several read-outs about cell viability, cell cycle, the secretion of proangiogenic factors, apoptosis, tumor-induced angiogenesis and migration. AXI demonstrated relevant antitumor activity in human LC cells, with pronounced effects observed in UMC-11 and NCI-H720, characterized by cell cycle perturbation and apoptosis induction. AXI significantly hindered tumor induced-angiogenesis in Tg(fli1a:EGFP)y1 zebrafish embryos implanted with all LC cell lines and also reduced the invasiveness of NCI-H720 cells, as well as the secretion of several proangiogenic factors. In conclusion, our study provides initial evidence supporting the potential anti-tumor activity of AXI in LC, offering a promising basis for future investigations in mammalian animal models and, eventually, progressing to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Dicitore
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.D.); (D.S.); (J.G.); (L.P.)
| | - Germano Gaudenzi
- Laboratory of Geriatric and Oncologic Neuroendocrinology Research, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20145 Milan, Italy; (G.G.); (M.C.C.); (M.O.)
| | - Silvia Carra
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20145 Milan, Italy;
| | - Maria Celeste Cantone
- Laboratory of Geriatric and Oncologic Neuroendocrinology Research, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20145 Milan, Italy; (G.G.); (M.C.C.); (M.O.)
| | - Monica Oldani
- Laboratory of Geriatric and Oncologic Neuroendocrinology Research, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20145 Milan, Italy; (G.G.); (M.C.C.); (M.O.)
| | - Davide Saronni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.D.); (D.S.); (J.G.); (L.P.)
| | - Maria Orietta Borghi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Experimental Laboratory of Immuno-Rheumatology, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20145 Milan, Italy
| | - Jacopo Grotteschi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.D.); (D.S.); (J.G.); (L.P.)
| | - Luca Persani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.D.); (D.S.); (J.G.); (L.P.)
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20145 Milan, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Vitale
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.D.); (D.S.); (J.G.); (L.P.)
- Laboratory of Geriatric and Oncologic Neuroendocrinology Research, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20145 Milan, Italy; (G.G.); (M.C.C.); (M.O.)
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Bragato C, Pistocchi A, Bellipanni G, Confalonieri S, Balciunie J, Monastra FM, Carra S, Vitale G, Mantecca P, Cotelli F, Gaudenzi G. Zebrafish dnm1a gene plays a role in the formation of axons and synapses in the nervous tissue. J Neurosci Res 2023. [PMID: 37031448 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Classical dynamins (DNMs) are GTPase proteins engaged in endocytosis, a fundamental process for cargo internalization from the plasma membrane. In mammals, three DNM genes are present with different expression patterns. DNM1 is expressed at high levels in neurons, where it takes place in the recycling of synaptic vesicles; DNM2 is ubiquitously expressed, while DNM3 is found in the brain and in the testis. Due to the conservation of genes in comparison to mammals, we took advantage of a zebrafish model for functional characterization of dnm1a, ortholog of mammalian DNM1. Our data strongly demonstrated that dnm1a has a nervous tissue-specific expression pattern and plays a role in the formation of both axon and synapse. This is the first in vivo study that collects evidence about the effects of dnm1a loss of function in zebrafish, thus providing a new excellent model to be used in different scientific fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Bragato
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, POLARIS Research Center, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Pistocchi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Bellipanni
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Jorune Balciunie
- Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Federica Maria Monastra
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Carra
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vitale
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Geriatric and Oncologic Neuroendocrinology Research, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paride Mantecca
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, POLARIS Research Center, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Cotelli
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Germano Gaudenzi
- Laboratory of Geriatric and Oncologic Neuroendocrinology Research, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
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Vitale G, Carra S, Alessi Y, Campolo F, Pandozzi C, Zanata I, Colao A, Faggiano A. Carcinoid Syndrome: Preclinical Models and Future Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043610. [PMID: 36835022 PMCID: PMC9961914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinoid syndrome represents a debilitating paraneoplastic disease, caused by the secretion of several substances, occurring in about 10-40% of patients with well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). The main signs and symptoms associated with carcinoid syndrome are flushing, diarrhea, hypotension, tachycardia, bronchoconstriction, venous telangiectasia, dyspnea and fibrotic complications (mesenteric and retroperitoneal fibrosis, and carcinoid heart disease). Although there are several drugs available for the treatment of carcinoid syndrome, the lack of therapeutic response, poor tolerance or resistance to drugs are often reported. Preclinical models are indispensable tools for investigating the pathogenesis, mechanisms for tumor progression and new therapeutic approaches for cancer. This paper provides a state-of-the-art overview of in vitro and in vivo models in NETs with carcinoid syndrome, highlighting the future developments and therapeutic approaches in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Vitale
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Geriatric and Oncologic Neuroendocrinology Research, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20100 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-6191-12023; Fax: +39-02-6191-13033
| | - Silvia Carra
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Ylenia Alessi
- Endocrine Unit, University Hospital “Gaetano Martino” of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Campolo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Pandozzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Zanata
- Section of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Antongiulio Faggiano
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital, ENETS Center of Excellence, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
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Cantone MC, Gaudenzi G, Carra S, Saronni D, Dicitore A. Obesity and GEP-NET: which to hit first? Minerva Med 2022; 113:913-915. [PMID: 36695409 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.22.08314-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Cantone
- Laboratory of Geriatric and Oncologic Neuroendocrinology Research, IRCCS Auxologic Italian Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Germano Gaudenzi
- Laboratory of Geriatric and Oncologic Neuroendocrinology Research, IRCCS Auxologic Italian Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Carra
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, IRCCS Auxologic Italian Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Saronni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Dicitore
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), University of Milan, Milan, Italy -
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Dicitore A, Saronni D, Gaudenzi G, Carra S, Cantone MC, Borghi MO, Persani L, Vitale G. Long-term effects of somatostatin analogues in rat GH-secreting pituitary tumor cell lines. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:29-41. [PMID: 34128215 PMCID: PMC8741688 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01609-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE First-generation somatostatin analogs, octreotide (OCT) and lanreotide, are the cornerstone for the medical treatment of growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary tumors. A new multireceptor analog, such as pasireotide (PAS), showed better activity than OCT in long-term treatment of patients with acromegaly, but modulation of intracellular key processes is still unclear in vitro. In this study, we evaluated the antitumor activity of OCT and PAS in two GH-secreting pituitary tumor cell lines, GH3 and GH4C1, after a long-term incubation. METHODS The effects of PAS and OCT on the cell viability, cell cycle, apoptosis, GH secretion, and tumor-induced angiogenesis have been evaluated through a colorimetric method (MTS Assay), DNA flow cytometry with propidium iodide, and Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining, ELISA assay and zebrafish platform, respectively. RESULTS PAS showed a more potent antitumor activity compared to OCT in GH3 cell line exerted through inhibition of cell viability, perturbation of cell cycle progression, and induction of apoptosis after 6 days of incubation. A concomitant decrease in GH secretion has been observed after 2 days of incubation only with PAS. No effect on tumor-induced angiogenesis has been reported after treatment with OCT or PAS in zebrafish/tumor xenograft model. CONCLUSION Long-term incubation with PAS showed a more potent antitumor activity than that reported after OCT in GH3 cells, mainly modulated by a cell cycle perturbation and a relevant induction in apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dicitore
- Laboratory of Geriatric and Oncologic Neuroendocrinology Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Via Zucchi 18, 20095, Cusano Milanino, MI, Italy
| | - D Saronni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - G Gaudenzi
- Laboratory of Geriatric and Oncologic Neuroendocrinology Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Via Zucchi 18, 20095, Cusano Milanino, MI, Italy
| | - S Carra
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - M C Cantone
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - M O Borghi
- Experimental Laboratory of Immuno-rheumatology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - L Persani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - G Vitale
- Laboratory of Geriatric and Oncologic Neuroendocrinology Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Via Zucchi 18, 20095, Cusano Milanino, MI, Italy.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Dicitore A, Cantone MC, Gaudenzi G, Saronni D, Carra S, Borghi MO, Albertelli M, Ferone D, Hofland LJ, Persani L, Vitale G. Efficacy of a Novel Second-Generation Somatostatin-Dopamine Chimera (TBR-065) in Human Medullary Thyroid Cancer: A Preclinical Study. Neuroendocrinology 2021; 111:937-950. [PMID: 33075795 DOI: 10.1159/000512366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Somatostatin and dopamine (DA) receptors have a pivotal role in controlling hormone secretion and cell proliferation in different neuroendocrine neoplasms, including medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). In the present preclinical study, we evaluated the anti-tumor activity of TBR-065 (formerly BIM-23B065), a second-generation somatostatin-DA chimera, in 2 human MTC cell lines. METHODS The effects of lanreotide (LAN) and TBR-065 on cell growth and proliferation, calcitonin (CT) secretion, cell cycle, apoptosis, cell migration, and tumor-induced angiogenesis have been evaluated through 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, DNA flow cytometry with propidium iodide (PI), Annexin V-FITC/PI staining, electrochemiluminescence immuno assay, wound-healing assay, and zebrafish platform, respectively. RESULTS TBR-065 exerted a more prominent anti-tumor activity than LAN in both MTC cell lines, as shown by inhibition of cell proliferation (maximal inhibition in TT: -50.3 and -37.6%, respectively; in MZ-CRC-1: -58.8 and -27%, respectively) and migration (in TT: -42.7 and -22.9%, respectively; in MZ-CRC-1: -75.5 and -58.2%, respectively). Only the new chimera decreased significantly the fraction of cells in S phase (TT: -33.8%; MZ-CRC-1: -18.8%) and increased cells in G2/M phase (TT: +13%; MZ-CRC-1: +30.5%). In addition, TBR-065 exerted a more prominent pro-apoptotic effect than LAN in TT cells. A concomitant decrease in CT secretion was observed after 2 days of incubation with both drugs, with a more relevant effect of TBR-065. However, neither LAN nor TBR-065 showed any effect on tumor-induced angiogenesis, as evaluated using a zebrafish/tumor xenograft model. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION In MTC cell lines, a second-generation somatostatin-DA analog, TBR-065, exerts a more relevant anti-tumor activity than LAN, through modulation of cell cycle, induction of apoptosis, and reduction in migration. Further studies are required to establish whether TBR-065 has comparable potent inhibitory effects on tumor growth in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Dicitore
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Celeste Cantone
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Germano Gaudenzi
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Laboratory of Geriatric and Oncologic Neuroendocrinology Research, Cusano Milanino, Italy
| | - Davide Saronni
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Carra
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Orietta Borghi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Experimental Laboratory of Immuno-Rheumatology, Cusano Milanino, Italy
| | - Manuela Albertelli
- Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI) and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Diego Ferone
- Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI) and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Leo J Hofland
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luca Persani
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vitale
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), University of Milan, Milan, Italy,
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Laboratory of Geriatric and Oncologic Neuroendocrinology Research, Cusano Milanino, Italy,
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Carra
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Germano Gaudenzi
- Laboratory of Geriatric and Oncologic Neuroendocrinology Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy -
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Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a class of rare and heterogeneous neoplasms that originate from the neuroendocrine system. In several cases, these neoplasms can release bioactive hormones leading to characteristic clinical syndromes and hormonal dysregulations with detrimental impact on the quality of life and survival of these patients. Only few animal models are currently available to investigate pathogenesis, progression and functional syndromes in NETs and to identify new therapeutic strategies. The tropical teleost zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a popular vertebrate model system that offers unique advantages for the study of several biological processes, ranging from embryonic development to human diseases such as cancer. In this review, we summarize recent advances on zebrafish models for NET preclinical research that take advantage of modern genetic and transplantable technologies. In the future, these tools may have a role in the treatment decision-making and tertiary prevention of NETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germano Gaudenzi
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Laboratorio Sperimentale di Ricerche di Neuroendocrinologia Geriatrica ed Oncologica, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Carra
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Laboratorio Sperimentale di Ricerche Endocrino-Metaboliche, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Dicitore
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Celeste Cantone
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Persani
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Laboratorio Sperimentale di Ricerche Endocrino-Metaboliche, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vitale
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Laboratorio Sperimentale di Ricerche di Neuroendocrinologia Geriatrica ed Oncologica, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Bragato C, Carra S, Blasevich F, Salerno F, Brix A, Bassi A, Beltrame M, Cotelli F, Maggi L, Mantegazza R, Mora M. Glycogen storage in a zebrafish Pompe disease model is reduced by 3-BrPA treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165662. [PMID: 31917327 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pompe disease (PD) is an autosomal recessive muscular disorder caused by deficiency of the glycogen hydrolytic enzyme acid α-glucosidase (GAA). The enzyme replacement therapy, currently the only available therapy for PD patients, is efficacious in improving cardiomyopathy in the infantile form, but not equally effective in the late onset cases with involvement of skeletal muscle. Correction of the skeletal muscle phenotype has indeed been challenging, probably due to concomitant dysfunctional autophagy. The increasing attention to the pathogenic mechanisms of PD and the search of new therapeutic strategies prompted us to generate and characterize a novel transient PD model, using zebrafish. Our model presented increased glycogen content, markedly altered motor behavior and increased lysosome content, in addition to altered expression of the autophagy-related transcripts and proteins Beclin1, p62 and Lc3b. Furthermore, the model was used to assess the beneficial effects of 3-bromopyruvic acid (3-BrPA). Treatment with 3-BrPA induced amelioration of the model phenotypes regarding glycogen storage, motility behavior and autophagy-related transcripts and proteins. Our zebrafish PD model recapitulates most of the defects observed in human patients, proving to be a powerful translational model. Moreover, 3-BrPA unveiled to be a promising compound for treatment of conditions with glycogen accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Bragato
- PhD program in Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, Monza 20900, Italy; Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, Milan, 20133, Italy.
| | - Silvia Carra
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piazzale Brescia 20, Milan, 20149, Italy
| | - Flavia Blasevich
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Franco Salerno
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Alessia Brix
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Andrea Bassi
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Monica Beltrame
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Franco Cotelli
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Maggi
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Renato Mantegazza
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Marina Mora
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, Milan, 20133, Italy.
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11
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Mediani L, Guillén-Boixet J, Alberti S, Carra S. Nucleoli and Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein (PML) bodies are phase separated nuclear protein quality control compartments for misfolded proteins. Mol Cell Oncol 2019; 6:e1415624. [PMID: 31693723 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2019.1652519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We uncovered a role for nucleoli and PML-bodies as phase-separated protein quality control organelles that compartmentalize protein quality control factors and misfolded proteins for their efficient clearance. Failure to dispose misfolded proteins converts nucleoli and PML-bodies into a solid state that immobilizes ubiquitin, limiting its recycling for genome integrity maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mediani
- Centre for Neuroscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - J Guillén-Boixet
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - S Alberti
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Dresden, Germany
| | - S Carra
- Centre for Neuroscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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12
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Fenizia C, Bottino C, Corbetta S, Fittipaldi R, Floris P, Gaudenzi G, Carra S, Cotelli F, Vitale G, Caretti G. SMYD3 promotes the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:1278-1293. [PMID: 30544196 PMCID: PMC6379668 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky1221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
SMYD3 is a methylase previously linked to cancer cell invasion and migration. Here we show that SMYD3 favors TGFβ-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in mammary epithelial cells, promoting mesenchymal and EMT transcription factors expression. SMYD3 directly interacts with SMAD3 but it is unnecessary for SMAD2/3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Conversely, SMYD3 is indispensable for SMAD3 direct association to EMT genes regulatory regions. Accordingly, SMYD3 knockdown or its pharmacological blockade with the BCI121 inhibitor dramatically reduce TGFβ-induced SMAD3 association to the chromatin. Remarkably, BCI121 treatment attenuates mesenchymal genes transcription in the mesenchymal-like MDA-MB-231 cell line and reduces their invasive ability in vivo, in a zebrafish xenograft model. In addition, clinical datasets analysis revealed that higher SMYD3 levels are linked to a less favorable prognosis in claudin-low breast cancers and to a reduced metastasis free survival in breast cancer patients. Overall, our data point at SMYD3 as a pivotal SMAD3 cofactor that promotes TGFβ-dependent mesenchymal gene expression and cell migration in breast cancer, and support SMYD3 as a promising pharmacological target for anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Fenizia
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Cinzia Bottino
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Corbetta
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Raffaella Fittipaldi
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Pamela Floris
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Germano Gaudenzi
- Laboratory of Geriatric and Oncologic Neuroendocrinology Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Carra
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Cotelli
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vitale
- Laboratory of Geriatric and Oncologic Neuroendocrinology Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Caretti
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
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13
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Gaudenzi G, Dicitore A, Carra S, Saronni D, Pozza C, Giannetta E, Persani L, Vitale G. MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Precision medicine in neuroendocrine neoplasms: an update on current management and future perspectives. Eur J Endocrinol 2019; 181:R1-R10. [PMID: 31048562 DOI: 10.1530/eje-19-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are traditionally considered as a single group of rare malignancies that originate from the highly spread neuroendocrine system. The clinical management is complex due to the high heterogeneity of these neoplasms in terms of clinical aggressiveness and response to the therapy. Indeed, a multidisciplinary approach is required to reach a personalization of the therapy, including cancer rehabilitation. In this review, we discuss the possibility to adopt a precision medicine (PM) approach in the management of NENs. To this purpose, we summarize current knowledge and future perspectives about biomarkers and preclinical in vitro and in vivo platforms, potentially useful to inform clinicians about the prognosis and for tailoring therapy in patients with NENs. This approach may represent a breakthrough in the therapy and tertiary prevention of these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germano Gaudenzi
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Laboratorio Sperimentale di Ricerche di Neuroendocrinologia Geriatrica ed Oncologica, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Dicitore
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Carra
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Saronni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlotta Pozza
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Giannetta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Persani
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vitale
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Laboratorio Sperimentale di Ricerche di Neuroendocrinologia Geriatrica ed Oncologica, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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14
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Barbieri A, Carra S, De Blasio P, Cotelli F, Biunno I. Sel1l knockdown negatively influences zebrafish embryos endothelium. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:5396-5404. [PMID: 29215726 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SEL1L (suppressor/enhancer of Lin-12-like) is a highly conserved gene associated with the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway and involved in mediating the balance between stem cells self-renewal and differentiation of neural progenitors. It has been recently shown that SEL1L KO mice are embryonic lethal and display altered organogenesis. To better characterize the function of SEL1L in the early stages of embryonic development, we turned to the zebrafish model (Danio rerio). After exploring sel1l expression by RT-PCR and in situ hybridization, we employed a morpholino-mediated down-regulation approach. Results showed extensive impairments in the vasculature, which supports the mice knock-out findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Carra
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Franco Cotelli
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ida Biunno
- IRGB-CNR, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy
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15
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Ceffa NG, Cesana I, Collini M, D'Alfonso L, Carra S, Cotelli F, Sironi L, Chirico G. Spatiotemporal image correlation analysis of blood flow in branched vessel networks of zebrafish embryos. J Biomed Opt 2017; 22:1-7. [PMID: 29030941 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.10.106008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ramification of blood circulation is relevant in a number of physiological and pathological conditions. The oxygen exchange occurs largely in the capillary bed, and the cancer progression is closely linked to the angiogenesis around the tumor mass. Optical microscopy has made impressive improvements in in vivo imaging and dynamic studies based on correlation analysis of time stacks of images. Here, we develop and test advanced methods that allow mapping the flow fields in branched vessel networks at the resolution of 10 to 20 μm. The methods, based on the application of spatiotemporal image correlation spectroscopy and its extension to cross-correlation analysis, are applied here to the case of early stage embryos of zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolo G Ceffa
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cesana
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
| | - Maddalena Collini
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, CNR-ISASI, Pozzuoli, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, Nanomedicine Center, Monza, Italy
| | - Laura D'Alfonso
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Laura Sironi
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Chirico
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, CNR-ISASI, Pozzuoli, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, Nanomedicine Center, Monza, Italy
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16
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Carra S, Sangiorgio L, Pelucchi P, Cermenati S, Mezzelani A, Martino V, Palizban M, Albertini A, Götte M, Kehler J, Deflorian G, Beltrame M, Giordano A, Reinbold R, Cotelli F, Bellipanni G, Zucchi I. Zebrafish Tmem230a cooperates with the Delta/Notch signaling pathway to modulate endothelial cell number in angiogenic vessels. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:1455-1467. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Carra
- Dipartimento di BioscienzeUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanoItaly
- Istituto di Tecnologie BiomedicheConsiglio Nazionale delle RicercheSegrate‐MilanoItaly
| | - Lorenzo Sangiorgio
- Dipartimento di BioscienzeUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanoItaly
- Istituto di Tecnologie BiomedicheConsiglio Nazionale delle RicercheSegrate‐MilanoItaly
| | - Paride Pelucchi
- Istituto di Tecnologie BiomedicheConsiglio Nazionale delle RicercheSegrate‐MilanoItaly
| | - Solei Cermenati
- Dipartimento di BioscienzeUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanoItaly
| | - Alessandra Mezzelani
- Istituto di Tecnologie BiomedicheConsiglio Nazionale delle RicercheSegrate‐MilanoItaly
| | - Valentina Martino
- Istituto di Tecnologie BiomedicheConsiglio Nazionale delle RicercheSegrate‐MilanoItaly
| | - Mira Palizban
- Istituto di Tecnologie BiomedicheConsiglio Nazionale delle RicercheSegrate‐MilanoItaly
| | - Alberto Albertini
- Istituto di Tecnologie BiomedicheConsiglio Nazionale delle RicercheSegrate‐MilanoItaly
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsMuenster University HospitalMuensterGermany
| | - James Kehler
- Istituto di Tecnologie BiomedicheConsiglio Nazionale delle RicercheSegrate‐MilanoItaly
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaUSA
| | | | - Monica Beltrame
- Dipartimento di BioscienzeUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanoItaly
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Research and Molecular Medicine and Department of Biology Temple University Philadelphia USA
- Department of BiologyTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Rolland Reinbold
- Istituto di Tecnologie BiomedicheConsiglio Nazionale delle RicercheSegrate‐MilanoItaly
| | - Franco Cotelli
- Dipartimento di BioscienzeUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanoItaly
| | - Gianfranco Bellipanni
- Sbarro Institute for Research and Molecular Medicine and Department of Biology Temple University Philadelphia USA
- Department of BiologyTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Ileana Zucchi
- Istituto di Tecnologie BiomedicheConsiglio Nazionale delle RicercheSegrate‐MilanoItaly
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17
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterozygous mutations in the thyroid hormone receptor alpha (THRA) gene cause resistance to thyroid hormone alpha (RTHα), a disease characterized by variable manifestations reminiscent of untreated congenital hypothyroidism but a raised triiodothyronine/thyroxine ratio and normal thyrotropin levels. It was recently described that zebrafish embryos expressing a dominant negative (DN) form of thraa recapitulate the key features of RTHα, and that zebrafish and human receptors are functionally interchangeable. METHODS This study expressed several human thyroid hormone receptor alpha (hTRα) variants in zebrafish embryos and analyzed the resulting phenotypes. RESULTS All hTRα-injected embryos showed variable defects, including cerebral and cardiac edema likely caused by an aberrant looping during heart development, anemia, and an incomplete formation of the vascular network. Moreover, the hTRα-injected embryos presented severe defects of motorneurons and craniofacial development, thus affecting their autonomous feeding and swimming behaviors. Surprisingly, expression of all hTRα mutants had no detectable effect on thyrotropin beta and thyrotropin-releasing hormone transcripts, indicating that their DN action is limited on the thyroid hormone reception beta 2 targets at the hypothalamic/pituitary level in vivo. As previously described in vitro, treatment with high triiodothyronine doses can efficiently revert the observed defects only in embryos injected with missense hTRα variants. CONCLUSION Injection of human THRA variants in zebrafish embryos causes tissue-specific defects recapitulating most of the RTHα clinical and biochemical manifestations. The described manipulation of zebrafish embryos represents a novel in vivo model to screen the functional consequences of THRA variants and the rescue potential of new therapeutic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Marelli
- 1 Laboratorio Sperimentale di Ricerche Endocrino-Metaboliche, Istituto Auxologico Italiano , Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Carra
- 2 Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan, Italy
| | - Giuditta Rurale
- 3 Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Cotelli
- 2 Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Persani
- 1 Laboratorio Sperimentale di Ricerche Endocrino-Metaboliche, Istituto Auxologico Italiano , Milan, Italy
- 3 Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan, Italy
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18
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Marelli F, Carra S, Agostini M, Cotelli F, Peeters R, Chatterjee K, Persani L. Patterns of thyroid hormone receptor expression in zebrafish and generation of a novel model of resistance to thyroid hormone action. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 424:102-17. [PMID: 26802880 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to thyroid hormone can be due to heterozygous, dominant negative (DN) THRA (RTHα) or THRB (RTHβ) mutations, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here, we delineate the spatiotemporal expression of TH receptors (TRs) in zebrafish and generated morphants expressing equivalent amounts of wild-type and DN TRαs (thraa_MOs) and TRβs (thrb_MOs) in vivo. Both morphants show severe developmental abnormalities. The phenotype of thraa_MOs includes brain and cardiac defects, but normal thyroid volume and tshba expression. A combined modification of dio2 and dio3 expression can explain the high T3/T4 ratio seen in thraa_MOs, as in RTHα. Thrb_MOs show abnormal eyes and otoliths, with a typical RTHβ pattern of thyroid axis. The coexpression of wild-type, but not mutant, human TRs can rescue the phenotype in both morphants. High T3 doses can partially revert the dominant negative action of mutant TRs in morphant fish. Therefore, our morphants recapitulate the RTHα and RTHβ key manifestations representing new models in which the functional consequences of human TR mutations can be rapidly and faithfully evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Marelli
- Laboratorio Sperimentale di Ricerche Endocrino-Metaboliche, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20149 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Carra
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Maura Agostini
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Franco Cotelli
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Krishna Chatterjee
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Luca Persani
- Laboratorio Sperimentale di Ricerche Endocrino-Metaboliche, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20149 Milan, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy.
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19
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Gistelinck C, Gioia R, Gagliardi A, Tonelli F, Marchese L, Bianchi L, Landi C, Bini L, Huysseune A, Witten PE, Staes A, Gevaert K, De Rocker N, Menten B, Malfait F, Leikin S, Carra S, Tenni R, Rossi A, De Paepe A, Coucke P, Willaert A, Forlino A. Zebrafish Collagen Type I: Molecular and Biochemical Characterization of the Major Structural Protein in Bone and Skin. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21540. [PMID: 26876635 PMCID: PMC4753508 DOI: 10.1038/srep21540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last years the zebrafish imposed itself as a powerful model to study skeletal diseases, but a limit to its use is the poor characterization of collagen type I, the most abundant protein in bone and skin. In tetrapods collagen type I is a trimer mainly composed of two α1 chains and one α2 chain, encoded by COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes, respectively. In contrast, in zebrafish three type I collagen genes exist, col1a1a, col1a1b and col1a2 coding for α1(I), α3(I) and α2(I) chains. During embryonic and larval development the three collagen type I genes showed a similar spatio-temporal expression pattern, indicating their co-regulation and interdependence at these stages. In both embryonic and adult tissues, the presence of the three α(I) chains was demonstrated, although in embryos α1(I) was present in two distinct glycosylated states, suggesting a developmental-specific collagen composition. Even though in adult bone, skin and scales equal amounts of α1(I), α3(I) and α2(I) chains are present, the presented data suggest a tissue-specific stoichiometry and/or post-translational modification status for collagen type I. In conclusion, this data will be useful to properly interpret results and insights gained from zebrafish models of skeletal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gistelinck
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - R Gioia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - A Gagliardi
- Functional Proteomics Lab., Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - F Tonelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - L Marchese
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - L Bianchi
- Functional Proteomics Lab., Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - C Landi
- Functional Proteomics Lab., Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - L Bini
- Functional Proteomics Lab., Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - A Huysseune
- Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - P E Witten
- Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - A Staes
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - K Gevaert
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - N De Rocker
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - B Menten
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - F Malfait
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - S Leikin
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S Carra
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - R Tenni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - A Rossi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - A De Paepe
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - P Coucke
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - A Willaert
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - A Forlino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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20
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Pisanelli M, Panizza E, Carbonardi F, Iridile C, Cavazzini M, Carra S, Cantore M, Adami F. Cancer with BRCA mutations in high-risk families. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv336.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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21
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Della Noce I, Carra S, Brusegan C, Critelli R, Frassine A, De Lorenzo C, Giordano A, Bellipanni G, Villa E, Cotelli F, Pistocchi A, Schepis F. The Coiled-Coil Domain Containing 80 (ccdc80) gene regulates gadd45β2 expression in the developing somites of zebrafish as a new player of the hedgehog pathway. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:821-30. [PMID: 25205658 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The Coiled-Coil Domain Containing 80 (CCDC80) gene has been identified as strongly induced in rat thyroid PC CL3 cells immortalized by the adenoviral E1A gene. In human, CCDC80 is a potential oncosoppressor due to its down-regulation in several tumor cell lines and tissues and it is expressed in almost all tissues. CCDC80 has homologous in mouse, chicken, and zebrafish. We cloned the zebrafish ccdc80 and analyzed its expression and function during embryonic development. The in-silico translated zebrafish protein shares high similarity with its mammalian homologous, with nuclear localization signals and a signal peptide. Gene expression analysis demonstrates that zebrafish ccdc80 is maternally and zygotically expressed throughout the development. In particular, ccdc80 is strongly expressed in the notochord and it is under the regulation of the Hedgehog pathway. In this work we investigated the functional effects of ccdc80-loss-of-function during embryonic development and verified its interaction with gadd45β2 in somitogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Della Noce
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Parco Tecnologico Padano, via Einstein, Lodi, Italia
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22
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Seguin SJ, Morelli FF, Vinet J, Amore D, De Biasi S, Poletti A, Rubinsztein DC, Carra S. Inhibition of autophagy, lysosome and VCP function impairs stress granule assembly. Cell Death Differ 2014; 21:1838-51. [PMID: 25034784 PMCID: PMC4227144 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are mRNA-protein aggregates induced during stress, which accumulate in many neurodegenerative diseases. Previously, the autophagy-lysosome pathway and valosin-containing protein (VCP), key players of the protein quality control (PQC), were shown to regulate SG degradation. This is consistent with the idea that PQC may survey and/or assist SG dynamics. However, despite these observations, it is currently unknown whether the PQC actively participates in SG assembly. Here, we describe that inhibition of autophagy, lysosomes and VCP causes defective SG formation after induction. Silencing the VCP co-factors UFD1L and PLAA, which degrade defective ribosomal products (DRIPs) and 60S ribosomes, also impaired SG assembly. Intriguingly, DRIPs and 60S, which are released from disassembling polysomes and are normally excluded from SGs, were significantly retained within SGs in cells with impaired autophagy, lysosome or VCP function. Our results suggest that deregulated autophagy, lysosomal or VCP activities, which occur in several neurodegenerative (VCP-associated) diseases, may alter SG morphology and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Seguin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Metaboliche e Neuroscienze, Universita' di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - F F Morelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Metaboliche e Neuroscienze, Universita' di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - J Vinet
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Metaboliche e Neuroscienze, Universita' di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - D Amore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Metaboliche e Neuroscienze, Universita' di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - S De Biasi
- Dipartimento Chirurgico, Medico, Odontoiatrico e di Scienze Morfologiche, Universita' di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - A Poletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Universita' di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - D C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Carra
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Metaboliche e Neuroscienze, Universita' di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Venturin M, Carra S, Gaudenzi G, Brunelli S, Gallo GR, Moncini S, Cotelli F, Riva P. ADAP2 in heart development: a candidate gene for the occurrence of cardiovascular malformations in NF1 microdeletion syndrome. J Med Genet 2014; 51:436-43. [PMID: 24711647 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2013-102240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular malformations have a higher incidence in patients with NF1 microdeletion syndrome compared to NF1 patients with intragenic mutation, presumably owing to haploinsufficiency of one or more genes included in the deletion interval and involved in heart development. In order to identify which genes could be responsible for cardiovascular malformations in the deleted patients, we carried out expression studies in mouse embryos and functional studies in zebrafish. METHODS AND RESULTS The expression analysis of three candidate genes included in the NF1 deletion interval, ADAP2, SUZ12 and UTP6, performed by in situ hybridisation, showed the expression of ADAP2 murine ortholog in heart during fundamental phases of cardiac morphogenesis. In order to investigate the role of ADAP2 in cardiac development, we performed loss-of-function experiments of zebrafish ADAP2 ortholog, adap2, by injecting two different morpholino oligos (adap2-MO and UTR-adap2-MO). adap2-MOs-injected embryos (morphants) displayed in vivo circulatory and heart shape defects. The molecular characterisation of morphants with cardiac specific markers showed that the injection of adap2-MOs causes defects in heart jogging and looping. Additionally, morphological and molecular analysis of adap2 morphants demonstrated that the loss of adap2 function leads to defective valvulogenesis, suggesting a correlation between ADAP2 haploinsufficiency and the occurrence of valve defects in NF1-microdeleted patients. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings indicate that ADAP2 has a role in heart development, and might be a reliable candidate gene for the occurrence of cardiovascular malformations in patients with NF1 microdeletion and, more generally, for the occurrence of a subset of congenital heart defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Venturin
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Carra
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Germano Gaudenzi
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Brunelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Monza (MB), Italy
| | | | - Silvia Moncini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Cotelli
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Riva
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Cermenati S, Moleri S, Neyt C, Bresciani E, Carra S, Grassini DR, Omini A, Goi M, Cotelli F, François M, Hogan BM, Beltrame M. Sox18 Genetically Interacts With VegfC to Regulate Lymphangiogenesis in Zebrafish. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:1238-47. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.300254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Solei Cermenati
- From the Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologie (S. Cermenati, S.M., D.R.G., M.G., M.B.), Dipartimento di Bioscienze (S. Cermenati, S.M., S. Carra, A.O., F.C., M.B.), and Dipartimento di Biologia (E.B., S. Carra, F.C.), Universita’ degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; and Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (C.N., M.F., B.M.H.)
| | - Silvia Moleri
- From the Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologie (S. Cermenati, S.M., D.R.G., M.G., M.B.), Dipartimento di Bioscienze (S. Cermenati, S.M., S. Carra, A.O., F.C., M.B.), and Dipartimento di Biologia (E.B., S. Carra, F.C.), Universita’ degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; and Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (C.N., M.F., B.M.H.)
| | - Christine Neyt
- From the Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologie (S. Cermenati, S.M., D.R.G., M.G., M.B.), Dipartimento di Bioscienze (S. Cermenati, S.M., S. Carra, A.O., F.C., M.B.), and Dipartimento di Biologia (E.B., S. Carra, F.C.), Universita’ degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; and Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (C.N., M.F., B.M.H.)
| | - Erica Bresciani
- From the Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologie (S. Cermenati, S.M., D.R.G., M.G., M.B.), Dipartimento di Bioscienze (S. Cermenati, S.M., S. Carra, A.O., F.C., M.B.), and Dipartimento di Biologia (E.B., S. Carra, F.C.), Universita’ degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; and Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (C.N., M.F., B.M.H.)
| | - Silvia Carra
- From the Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologie (S. Cermenati, S.M., D.R.G., M.G., M.B.), Dipartimento di Bioscienze (S. Cermenati, S.M., S. Carra, A.O., F.C., M.B.), and Dipartimento di Biologia (E.B., S. Carra, F.C.), Universita’ degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; and Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (C.N., M.F., B.M.H.)
| | - Daniela R. Grassini
- From the Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologie (S. Cermenati, S.M., D.R.G., M.G., M.B.), Dipartimento di Bioscienze (S. Cermenati, S.M., S. Carra, A.O., F.C., M.B.), and Dipartimento di Biologia (E.B., S. Carra, F.C.), Universita’ degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; and Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (C.N., M.F., B.M.H.)
| | - Alice Omini
- From the Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologie (S. Cermenati, S.M., D.R.G., M.G., M.B.), Dipartimento di Bioscienze (S. Cermenati, S.M., S. Carra, A.O., F.C., M.B.), and Dipartimento di Biologia (E.B., S. Carra, F.C.), Universita’ degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; and Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (C.N., M.F., B.M.H.)
| | - Michela Goi
- From the Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologie (S. Cermenati, S.M., D.R.G., M.G., M.B.), Dipartimento di Bioscienze (S. Cermenati, S.M., S. Carra, A.O., F.C., M.B.), and Dipartimento di Biologia (E.B., S. Carra, F.C.), Universita’ degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; and Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (C.N., M.F., B.M.H.)
| | - Franco Cotelli
- From the Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologie (S. Cermenati, S.M., D.R.G., M.G., M.B.), Dipartimento di Bioscienze (S. Cermenati, S.M., S. Carra, A.O., F.C., M.B.), and Dipartimento di Biologia (E.B., S. Carra, F.C.), Universita’ degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; and Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (C.N., M.F., B.M.H.)
| | - Mathias François
- From the Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologie (S. Cermenati, S.M., D.R.G., M.G., M.B.), Dipartimento di Bioscienze (S. Cermenati, S.M., S. Carra, A.O., F.C., M.B.), and Dipartimento di Biologia (E.B., S. Carra, F.C.), Universita’ degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; and Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (C.N., M.F., B.M.H.)
| | - Benjamin M. Hogan
- From the Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologie (S. Cermenati, S.M., D.R.G., M.G., M.B.), Dipartimento di Bioscienze (S. Cermenati, S.M., S. Carra, A.O., F.C., M.B.), and Dipartimento di Biologia (E.B., S. Carra, F.C.), Universita’ degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; and Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (C.N., M.F., B.M.H.)
| | - Monica Beltrame
- From the Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologie (S. Cermenati, S.M., D.R.G., M.G., M.B.), Dipartimento di Bioscienze (S. Cermenati, S.M., S. Carra, A.O., F.C., M.B.), and Dipartimento di Biologia (E.B., S. Carra, F.C.), Universita’ degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; and Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (C.N., M.F., B.M.H.)
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Carra S, Foglia E, Cermenati S, Bresciani E, Giampietro C, Lora Lamia C, Dejana E, Beltrame M, Cotelli F. Ve-ptp modulates vascular integrity by promoting adherens junction maturation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51245. [PMID: 23251467 PMCID: PMC3522677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial cell junctions control blood vessel permeability. Altered permeability can be associated with vascular fragility that leads to vessel weakness and haemorrhage formation. In vivo studies on the function of genes involved in the maintenance of vascular integrity are essential to better understand the molecular basis of diseases linked to permeability defects. Ve-ptp (Vascular Endothelial-Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase) is a transmembrane protein present at endothelial adherens junctions (AJs). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We investigated the role of Ve-ptp in AJ maturation/stability and in the modulation of endothelial permeability using zebrafish (Danio rerio). Whole-mount in situ hybridizations revealed zve-ptp expression exclusively in the developing vascular system. Generation of altered zve-ptp transcripts, induced separately by two different splicing morpholinos, resulted in permeability defects closely linked to vascular wall fragility. The ultrastructural analysis revealed a statistically significant reduction of junction complexes and the presence of immature AJs in zve-ptp morphants but not in control embryos. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Here we show the first in vivo evidence of a potentially critical role played by Ve-ptp in AJ maturation, an important event for permeability modulation and for the development of a functional vascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Carra
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universitàdegli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Universitàdegli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Efrem Foglia
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universitàdegli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Universitàdegli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Solei Cermenati
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Universitàdegli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologie, Universitàdegli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Erica Bresciani
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universitàdegli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Carla Lora Lamia
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universitàdegli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Universitàdegli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Dejana
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Universitàdegli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologie, Universitàdegli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Beltrame
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Universitàdegli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologie, Universitàdegli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Cotelli
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universitàdegli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Universitàdegli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
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26
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Seidel K, Vinet J, Dunnen WFAD, Brunt ER, Meister M, Boncoraglio A, Zijlstra MP, Boddeke HWGM, Rüb U, Kampinga HH, Carra S. The HSPB8-BAG3 chaperone complex is upregulated in astrocytes in the human brain affected by protein aggregation diseases. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2012; 38:39-53. [PMID: 21696420 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2011.01198.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS HSPB8 is a small heat shock protein that forms a complex with the co-chaperone BAG3. Overexpression of the HSPB8-BAG3 complex in cells stimulates autophagy and facilitates the clearance of mutated aggregation-prone proteins, whose accumulation is a hallmark of many neurodegenerative disorders. HSPB8-BAG3 could thus play a protective role in protein aggregation diseases and might be specifically upregulated in response to aggregate-prone protein-mediated toxicity. Here we analysed HSPB8-BAG3 expression levels in post-mortem human brain tissue from patients suffering of the following protein conformation disorders: Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3). METHODS Western blotting and immunohistochemistry techniques were used to analyse HSPB8 and BAG3 expression levels in fibroblasts from SCA3 patients and post-mortem brain tissues, respectively. RESULTS In all diseases investigated, we observed a strong upregulation of HSPB8 and a moderate upregulation of BAG3 specifically in astrocytes in the cerebral areas affected by neuronal damage and degeneration. Intriguingly, no significant change in the HSPB8-BAG3 expression levels was observed within neurones, irrespective of their localization or of the presence of proteinaceous aggregates. CONCLUSIONS We propose that the upregulation of HSPB8 and BAG3 may enhance the ability of astrocytes to clear aggregated proteins released from neurones and cellular debris, maintain the local tissue homeostasis and/or participate in the cytoskeletal remodelling that astrocytes undergo during astrogliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Seidel
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Donnini S, Solito R, Cetti E, Corti F, Giachetti A, Carra S, Beltrame M, Cotelli F, Ziche M. Aß peptides accelerate the senescence of endothelial cells
in vitro
and
in vivo
, impairing angiogenesis. FASEB J 2010; 24:2385-95. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-146456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Donnini
- Department of Molecular BiologyUniversity of SienaSienaItaly
| | | | - Elisa Cetti
- Department of Molecular BiologyUniversity of SienaSienaItaly
| | - Federico Corti
- Department of Molecular BiologyUniversity of SienaSienaItaly
| | | | - Silvia Carra
- Department of BiologyUniversita degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Monica Beltrame
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences and BiotechnologyUniversita degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Franco Cotelli
- Department of BiologyUniversita degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Marina Ziche
- Department of Molecular BiologyUniversity of SienaSienaItaly
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Pistocchi A, Gaudenzi G, Carra S, Bresciani E, Del Giacco L, Cotelli F. Crucial role of zebrafish prox1 in hypothalamic catecholaminergic neurons development. BMC Dev Biol 2008; 8:27. [PMID: 18331627 PMCID: PMC2288594 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-8-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2007] [Accepted: 03/10/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background Prox1, the vertebrate homolog of prospero in Drosophila melanogaster, is a divergent homeogene that regulates cell proliferation, fate determination and differentiation during vertebrate embryonic development. Results Here we report that, in zebrafish, prox1 is widely expressed in several districts of the Central Nervous System (CNS). Specifically, we evidenced prox1 expression in a group of neurons, already positive for otp1, located in the hypothalamus at the level of the posterior tuberculum (PT). Prox1 knock-down determines the severe loss of hypothalamic catecholaminergic (CA) neurons, identified by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression, and the synergistic prox1/otp1 overexpression induces the appearance of hypothalamic supernumerary TH-positive neurons and ectopic TH-positive cells on the yolk epitelium. Conclusion Our findings indicate that prox1 activity is crucial for the proper development of the otp1-positive hypothalamic neuronal precursors to their terminal CA phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pistocchi
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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Santacesaria E, Gelosa D, Carra S, Adami I. Influence of Metal Dispersion on n-Hexane Reactions over Platinum-Alumina Catalysts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/i360065a018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Santacesaria E, Silvani R, Wilkinson P, Carra S. Alkylation of p-cresol with isobutene catalyzed by cation-exchange resins: a kinetic study. Ind Eng Chem Res 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ie00076a001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Santacesaria E, Ferro R, Ricci S, Carra S. Kinetic aspects in the oxidation of hydrogenated 2-ethyltetrahydroanthraquinone. Ind Eng Chem Res 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ie00061a029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Santacesaria E, Wilkinson P, Babini P, Carra S. Hydrogenation of 2-ethyltetrahydroanthraquinone in the presence of palladium catalyst. Ind Eng Chem Res 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ie00077a011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Raineri I, Carlson EJ, Gacayan R, Carra S, Oberley TD, Huang TT, Epstein CJ. Strain-dependent high-level expression of a transgene for manganese superoxide dismutase is associated with growth retardation and decreased fertility. Free Radic Biol Med 2001; 31:1018-30. [PMID: 11595386 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(01)00686-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is essential in protecting mitochondria against the damaging effects of superoxide radicals (O(2)(*-)), and increased expression of MnSOD protects cells and transgenic animals from various forms of oxidative stress. In addition, increased levels of MnSOD have been shown to slow down cell growth and induce differentiation. To study the effects of high MnSOD levels in vivo, we generated a series of transgenic mice using a mouse genomic sequence under control of the endogenous promoter. Four transgenic lines produced by pronuclear DNA injection exhibited up to 2-fold elevated MnSOD levels in brain and heart. However, using an embryonic stem cell approach, a line having 10-fold elevated MnSOD levels in the brain and 6- to 7-fold elevated levels in the heart and kidney was generated. Surprisingly, the genetic background of this transgenic line influenced the expression level of the transgene, with DBA/2 (D2) and C57BL/6 (B6) mice exhibiting low- and high-level transgene expression, respectively. This difference was the result of an increased transcription rate of the transgene. High-level MnSOD expression in B6 animals was associated with small size, male infertility, and decreased female fertility. These features are absent on the D2 background and indicate that high levels of MnSOD activity may interfere with normal growth and fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Raineri
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 94143, USA
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Tascedda F, Blom JM, Brunello N, Zolin K, Gennarelli M, Colzi A, Bravi D, Carra S, Racagni G, Riva MA. Modulation of glutamate receptors in response to the novel antipsychotic olanzapine in rats. Biol Psychiatry 2001; 50:117-22. [PMID: 11526992 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01135-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A disturbance in glutamate neurotransmission has been hypothesized in schizophrenia. Hence, the beneficial effects of pharmacological treatment may be related to adaptive changes taking place in this neurotransmitter system. METHODS In this study, we investigated the modulation of ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors in the rat brain following acute or chronic exposure to the novel antipsychotic olanzapine. RESULTS In accordance with the clear distinction between classical and atypical drugs, olanzapine did not alter glutamate receptor expression in striatum. Chronic, not acute, exposure to olanzapine was capable of up-regulating hippocampal mRNA levels for GluR-B and GluR-C, two alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole proprionic acid (AMPA)-forming subunits. This effect could be relevant for the improvement of schizophrenic alterations, which are thought to depend on dysfunction of the glutamatergic transmission within the hippocampal formation. We also found that the expression of group II glutamate metabotropic receptors was up-regulated in the frontal cortex after chronic exposure to clozapine, and to a lesser extent olanzapine, but not with haloperidol. CONCLUSIONS The adaptive mechanisms taking place in glutamatergic transmission might prove useful in ameliorating some of the dysfunction observed in the brain of schizophrenic patients.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antipsychotic Agents/administration & dosage
- Antipsychotic Agents/pharmacology
- Benzodiazepines
- Frontal Lobe/drug effects
- Frontal Lobe/metabolism
- Hippocampus/drug effects
- Hippocampus/metabolism
- Male
- Olanzapine
- Pirenzepine/administration & dosage
- Pirenzepine/analogs & derivatives
- Pirenzepine/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, AMPA/drug effects
- Receptors, AMPA/metabolism
- Receptors, Glutamate/drug effects
- Receptors, Glutamate/metabolism
- Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/drug effects
- Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/metabolism
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/drug effects
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- F Tascedda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Modena, Italy
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Toudjarska I, Kilpatrick MW, Lembessis P, Carra S, Harton GL, Sisson ME, Black SH, Stern HJ, Gelman-Kohan Z, Shohat M, Tsipouras P. Novel approach to the molecular diagnosis of Marfan syndrome: application to sporadic cases and in prenatal diagnosis. Am J Med Genet 2001; 99:294-302. [PMID: 11251996 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Marfan syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder affecting the skeletal, ocular, and cardiovascular systems. Defects in the gene that encodes fibrillin-1 (FBN1), the main structural component of the elastin-associated microfibrils, are responsible for the disorder. Molecular diagnosis in families with Marfan syndrome can be undertaken by using intragenic FBN1 gene markers to identify and track the disease allele. However, in sporadic cases, which constitute up to 30% of the total, DNA-based diagnosis cannot be performed using linked markers but rather requires the identification of the specific FBN1 gene mutation. Due to the size and complexity of the FBN1 gene, identification of a causative Marfan syndrome mutation is not a trivial undertaking. Herein, we describe a comprehensive approach to the molecular diagnosis of Marfan syndrome that relies on the direct analysis of the FBN1 gene at the cDNA level and detects both coding sequence mutations and those leading to exon-skipping, which are often missed by analysis at the genomic DNA level. The ability to consistently determine the specific FBN1 gene mutation responsible for a particular case of Marfan syndrome allows both prenatal and pre-implantation diagnosis, even in sporadic instances of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Toudjarska
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA
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Abstract
The measurement of exhaled nitric oxide concentrations [NO] may provide a simple, noninvasive means for measuring airway inflammation. However, several measurement conditions may influence exhaled NO levels, and ambient NO may be one of these. We measured exhaled NO levels in 47 stable asthmatic children age 5 to 17 years and in 47 healthy children, gender and age matched. Exhaled [NO] in expired air was measured by a tidal breathing method with a chemiluminescence analyzer, sampling at the expiratory side of the mouthpiece. NO steady-state levels were recorded. In order to keep the soft palate closed and avoid nasal contamination, the breathing circuit had a restrictor providing an expiratory pressure of 3-4 cm H2O at the mouthpiece. To evaluate the effect of [NO] in ambient air, measurements were randomly performed by breathing ambient air or NO-free air from a closed circuit. Breathing NO-free air, exhaled [NO] in asthmatics (mean +/- SEM) was 23.7 +/- 1.4 ppb, significantly higher (P < 0.001) than in healthy controls (8.7 +/- 0.4 ppb). Exhaled NO concentrations measured during ambient air breathing were higher (49 +/- 4.6 ppb, P < 0.001) than when breathing NO-free air (23.7 +/- 1.4 ppb) and were significantly correlated (r = 0.89, P < 0.001) with atmospheric concentrations of NO (range 3-430 ppb). These findings show that 1) exhaled [NO] values of asthmatic children are significantly higher than in healthy controls, and 2) atmospheric NO levels critically influence the measurement of exhaled [NO]. Therefore, using a tidal breathing method the inhalation of NO-free air during the test is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Baraldi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Padova, School of Medicine, Italy.
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Baraldi E, Carra S, Vencato F, Filippone M, Trevisanuto D, Milanesi O, Pinello M, Zanardo V, Zacchello F. Home oxygen therapy in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a prospective study. Eur J Pediatr 1997; 156:878-82. [PMID: 9392405 DOI: 10.1007/s004310050735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We followed the clinical course of 21 infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia enrolled in a prospective home O2 therapy programme during a 4-year-period. Mean gestational age was 28.5 weeks (range, 25-36 weeks) and mean birth weight 1093 g (range 630-2750 g). Infants were regularly monitored to maintain pulse oximeter O2 saturation over 94%-95%. The source of O2 was liquid oxygen and was delivered by nasal cannula. During the follow up oxygenation was assessed by SatO2 measurement, cardiac function by Doppler echocardiography and respiratory function by the occlusion technique. All patients had an ophthalmological follow up. The mean age of the infants at discharge was 3.7 months (range 1.7-8.6) and mean weight 2830 g (range 2150-3780 g). At discharge 8 infants had right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) and four of them had pulmonary hypertension. Mean duration of home O2 therapy was 97 days (range 15-320 days) and the mean age of discontinuation of O2 was 6.9 months (range 3-14.7 months). The cardiological follow up was benign: the ECG signs of RVH disappeared by 12 months of age in six out of eight infants and the right ventricular pulmonary pressure, as measured by the Doppler method, normalised in the four patients in whom it was detected. No relationship was found between respiratory mechanics and the duration of O2 therapy. Weight gain was poor with mean growth at the 3rd percentile for females and just below the 3rd percentile for males. Twelve of the 21 infants required 25 rehospitalizations. No one presented deterioration of retinopathy of prematurity that was present in 16 infants at discharge; at 12 months retinopathy was resolved in 14 infants. A total of 2025 hospital days were saved, representing a significant financial saving. CONCLUSION Home O2 therapy permits the safe early discharge of O2-dependent BPD infants and it reduces significantly the length of time spent in hospital which represents a considerable financial saving.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Baraldi
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
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Molani L, Morandi C, Papa L, Carra S, Pedretti L, Grassi E, Reggiani G. [Percutaneous embolization with tungsten coils of a splenic artery aneurysm: report of a case]. Radiol Med 1997; 93:477-9. [PMID: 9244936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Molani
- Servizio di Radiologia Ospedale C. Poma, Mantova
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