Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in pediatrics

Objective. To provide a framework for healthcare professionals managing pediatric patients who are on active glucocorticoid (GC) therapy and to develop recommendations for the prevention and treatment of GC-induced osteoporosis in the pediatric population. Methods. A panel of experts on bone and pediatric diseases developed a series of PICO questions that address issues related to the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in patients on GC therapy. In accordance with the GRADE approach, we conducted a systematic review of the literature, summarized effect estimations, and classified the quality of the evidence. Then, voting and the formulation of recommendations followed. Results. Seven recommendations and six general principles were developed for GC-induced osteoporosis in the pediatric population. Conclusion. These recommendations provide guidance for clinicians who must make decisions concerning pediatric patients undergoing treatment with GC.

Autoinflammatory diseases in pediatrics

Monogenic autoinflammatory syndromes are caused by mutations in protein-coding genes that have a pivotal role in the regulation of the inflammatory response. Due to their genetic nature, most of these syndromes usually begin during childhood. They are clinically characterized by recurrent episodes of systemic inflammation (fever with different clinical manifestations, such as skin rash, serositis or arthritis) associated with elevation of acute phase reactants. During symptom-free intervals, patients achieve clinical well-being and normalize infammatory parameters. Amyloidosis is a serious long-term complication. In this update we will discuss the clinical presentation and therapeutic strategies for these diseases in pediatrics.