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Saenz J, Milani S, Mejía-Arango S. Gender, Personality, and Cognitive Resilience Against Early-Life Disadvantage. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2023; 78:913-924. [PMID: 36715207 PMCID: PMC10174201 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbad017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Early-life disadvantage (ELD) relates to lower late-life cognition. However, personality factors, including having an internal locus of control (LOC) or a conscientious personality, relate to resilience and effective stress coping. We explore whether personality factors convey resilience against the negative effects of ELD on cognition, by gender, in Mexico. METHODS Using the 2015 Mexican Health and Aging Study, we estimated expected cognition using multiple ELD markers to identify a subsample in the lowest quartile of expected cognition given ELD (n = 2,086). In this subsample, we estimated cross-sectional associations between personality and having above-median observed cognitive ability (n = 522) using logistic regression. RESULTS Among those in the lowest quartile of expected cognition, a more internal LOC (β = 0.32 [men] and β = 0.44 [women]) and conscientious personality (β = 0.39 [men] and β = 0.17 [women]) were significantly associated with having above-median cognitive ability in models adjusted for demographic confounders. Larger benefits of conscientiousness were observed for men than women. Associations between personality and having above-median cognitive ability remained statistically significant after further adjustment for health, stress, and cognitive stimulation variables, regardless of gender. DISCUSSION Personality factors may convey resilience among individuals who experienced ELD, potentially breaking the link between ELD and worse late-life cognition. Structural factors and gender roles may affect how much women benefit from personality factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Saenz
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Sadaf Arefi Milani
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Silvia Mejía-Arango
- Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Harlingen, Texas, USA
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Yeverino-Castro SG, Mejía-Arango S, Mimenza-Alvarado AJ, Cantú-Brito C, Avila-Funes JA, Aguilar-Navarro SG. Prevalence and incidence of possible vascular dementia among Mexican older adults: Analysis of the Mexican Health and Aging Study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253856. [PMID: 34237081 PMCID: PMC8266048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vascular dementia is the second most common cause of dementia. Physical disability and cognitive impairment due to stroke are conditions that considerably affect quality of life. We estimated the prevalence and incidence of possible vascular dementia (PVD) in older adults using data from the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS 2012 and 2015 waves). Methods The MHAS is a representative longitudinal cohort study of Mexican adults aged ≥50 years. Data from 14, 893 participants from the 2012 cohort and 14,154 from the 2015 cohort were analyzed to estimate the prevalence and incidence of PVD. Self-respondents with history of stroke were classified as PVD if scores in two or more cognitive domains in the Cross-Cultural Cognitive Examination were ≥ 1.5 standard deviations below the mean on reference norms and if limitations in ≥ 1 instrumental activities of daily living were present. For proxy respondents with history of stroke, we used a score ≥3.4 on the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly. Crude and standardized rates of prevalent and incident PVD were estimated. Results Prevalence of PVD was 0.6% (95% CI, 0.5–0.8) (0.5 with age and sex- standardization). Rates increased with age reaching 2.0% among those aged 80 and older and decreased with educational attainment. After 3.0 years of follow-up, 87 new cases of PVD represented an overall incident rate of 2.2 (95% CI, 1.7–2.6) per 1,000 person-years (2.0 with age and sex- standardization). Incidence also increased with advancing age reaching an overall rate of 9.4 (95% CI, 6.3–13.6) per 1,000 person-years for participants aged >80 years. Hypertension and depressive symptoms were strong predictors of incident PVD. Conclusion These data provide new estimates of PVD prevalence and incidence in the Mexican population. We found that PVD incidence increased with age. Males aged 80 years or older showed a greater incidence rate when compared to females, which is comparable to previous estimates from other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara G. Yeverino-Castro
- Geriatric Medicine & Neurology Fellowship, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Silvia Mejía-Arango
- Department of Population Studies, El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, Tijuana, Baja California, México
| | - Alberto J. Mimenza-Alvarado
- Geriatric Medicine & Neurology Fellowship, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Cantú-Brito
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José A. Avila-Funes
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sara G. Aguilar-Navarro
- Geriatric Medicine & Neurology Fellowship, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- * E-mail:
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Aguilar-Navarro SG, Mimenza-Alvarado AJ, Martínez-Sánchez R, Mejía-Arango S, Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez L, Ávila-Funes JA. Spanish validation and cultural adaptation of the Five-Word Test for the detection of the neurocognitive disorder in older adults. Salud Ment 2019. [DOI: 10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2019.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. “Episodic” memory problems are common in people with cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders. Dubois et al. developed the Five-Word Test (5WT) to evaluate episodic memory, which has proved to be an easy and valid test for identifying cognitive disorders. However, its validation and cultural adaptation from French to Spanish has not been undertaken and its usefulness in Mexican population is unknown. Objective. Validation and cultural adaptation of the 5WT for screening minor and major neurocognitive disorder (ND) in Mexican older adults with probable Alzheimer’s disease. Method. Two hundred and fifteen participants (70 cognitively healthy subjects, 73 with minor ND and 72 with major ND were included). The cognitive status (gold standard) was determined using current clinical criteria and neuropsychological evaluation. The Spearman coefficient, ROC curve, and multinomial logistic regression models were used to determine the concurrent validity of the 5WT. Results. The correlation between the 5WT and the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) was .58, whereas for the clock face test it was -.37 (p < .001). The area under the 5WT curve was .97 (95% CI [.94, .99]), with a cut-off point of ≤ 16/20 for the diagnosis of major ND (89% sensitivity, 98% specificity) and .77 (95% CI [.70, .85]) for minor ND with a cut-off point of ≤ 18/20 (66% sensitivity, 77% specificity). Discussion and conclusion. Since the 5WT is a simple, valid instrument for the identification of neurocognitive disorders like Alzheimer’s disease, it could be a practical screening test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gloria Aguilar-Navarro
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico
| | - Alberto José Mimenza-Alvarado
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - José Alberto Ávila-Funes
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico
- Univ. Bordeaux, Mexico
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Aguilar-Navarro SG, Mimenza-Alvarado AJ, Aguilar-Esquivel JE, Yeverino-Castro SG, Juárez-Cedillo T, Mejía-Arango S. Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome: Prevalence and Risk of Cognitive Impairment in a Population Studied in the Mexican Health and Aging Study 2012-2015. J Nutr Health Aging 2019; 23:227-231. [PMID: 30820509 PMCID: PMC7038635 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-019-1160-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Motoric Cognitive Risk (MCR) syndrome, describe associated risk factors and to determine the risk of progression to cognitive impairment after three years of follow-up, in a sample of Mexican older adults. DESIGN A prospective panel study of health and aging in Mexico. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Baseline and follow-up information was obtained from the Mexican Health and Aging Study's 2012 and 2015 waves. A total of 726 subjects aged 60 years or older with normal cognition at baseline were classified into 4 groups: 1) with MCR, 2) with memory complaint only, 3) with slow gait speed only and, 4) without MCR. Cox regression analysis controlling for confounder factors was performed to determine the risk of progression to cognitive impairment in the MCR group. MEASURES Data such as gait speed, functional status and cognitive performance (standardized by age and sex in Mexican population) was collected. RESULTS MCR prevalence was 14.3%. When compared with non-MCR subjects, the presence of MCR was associated with older age (p<0.01), lower educational status (p=0.05), having two or more comorbidities (p<0.05) and diabetes mellitus diagnosis (p<0.05). At follow-up and after adjusting for confounders, MCR was associated with a 2.4-fold increased risk (95% CI: 1.28-4.26, p=.000) of cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS MCR syndrome increases the risk of cognitive impairment in Mexican older adults. Simple measurements such as gait evaluation in subjects with memory complaints could allow early identification of those at risk of developing cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Aguilar-Navarro
- Sara G. Aguilar Navarro. Department of Geriatrics. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias, Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. Vasco de Quiroga 15. PC 14080; Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico. Phone: +52 (55) 54870900, #5710, E-mail:
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Bojorquez I, Aguilera-Guzmán RM, Aguilera A, Mejía-Arango S. Feasibility study of a cell phone intervention to promote mental health among deported mexican migrants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 60:379-380. [DOI: 10.21149/9040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Mejía-Arango S, Wong R, Michaels-Obregón A. Normative and standardized data for cognitive measures in the Mexican Health and Aging Study. Salud Publica Mex 2017; 57 Suppl 1:S90-6. [PMID: 26172239 DOI: 10.21149/spm.v57s1.7594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the cognitive instrument used in the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS) in Mexican individuals aged 60 and over and to provide normative values for the Cross Cultural Cognitive Examination test and its modified versions (CCCE). MATERIALS AND METHODS The CCCE was administered to 5,120 subjects as part of a population-based sample free of neurologic and psychiatric disease from the MHAS 2012 survey. Normative data were generated by age and education for each test in the cognitive instrument as well as for the total cognition score. Pearson correlations and analysis of variance were used to examine the relationship of scores to demographic variables. RESULTS Results present standardized normed scores for eight cognitive domains: orientation, attention, verbal learning memory, verbal recall memory, visuospatial abilities, visual memory, executive function, and numeracy in three education groups within three age groups. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the need for population-based norms for the CCCE, which has been used in population-based studies. Demographic factors such as age and education must be considered when interpreting the cognitive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Mejía-Arango
- Departamento de Estudios de Población, El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, Tijuana, Baja California, México
| | - Rebeca Wong
- Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, Estados Unidos de América
| | - Alejandra Michaels-Obregón
- Center on Aging and Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, Estados Unidos de América
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Bojorquez-Chapela I, Manrique-Espinoza BS, Mejía-Arango S, Solís MMTR, Salinas-Rodríguez A. Effect of social capital and personal autonomy on the incidence of depressive symptoms in the elderly: evidence from a longitudinal study in Mexico. Aging Ment Health 2012; 16:462-71. [PMID: 22300005 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2011.651432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate the effect of social capital (SC) and personal autonomy (PA) on the depressive symptoms (DS) in older people living in poverty. METHOD Longitudinal study of elderly participants in the impact evaluation study of a non-contributory pension program in Mexico. For this study we selected the group of older people without significant DS at baseline. PA, SC indicators and covariates were measured at baseline. Using the Geriatric Depression Scale, the incidence of DS was assessed at a follow-up interview after 11 months. The effect of SC and autonomy on the occurrence of DS was estimated by using a multilevel logistic regression model. RESULTS Of the various indicators of PA, not being dependent in daily functioning, and being able to read/write were associated with lower risk of DS. A higher level of SC at baseline was associated with lower incidence of DS in women (odds ratio; OR = 0.73, p < 0.01), while for men there was no significant association (OR = 1.04, p = 0.69). CONCLUSIONS PA and SC proved to be protective factors against the onset of DS in women. For men, only PA was a protective factor. Future studies need to explore in what ways that PA and SC may reduce risk of DS as well as the role of gender differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ietza Bojorquez-Chapela
- Department of Population Studies, El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, Tijuana, Baja California, México
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Mejía-Arango S, Zúñiga-Gil C. [Diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for dementia in the Mexican elder population]. Rev Neurol 2011; 53:397-405. [PMID: 21948010 PMCID: PMC3557520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes and dementia are growing problems throughout the world and especially in developing countries. AIM To determine the risk of developing dementia in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. PATIENTS AND METHODS Diabetic elders free of dementia from the Mexican Health and Aging study, a prospective community-based cohort research were followed after two years. Socio-demographic factors, comorbid conditions and type of diabetes treatment were analyzed in subjects who become demented. RESULTS At baseline, 749 participants (13.8%) had diabetes mellitus. During the follow-up period (mean: 2.02 years; range: 1-3 years), 306 of 749 persons with diabetes mellitus developed dementia, yielding a relative risk (RR) of 2.08 (95% confidence interval, 95% CI = 1.59-2.73). The effect was strongest in persons aged 80 years or older with a RR of 2.44 (95% CI = 1.46-4.08), men had a greater relative risk than women (RR = 2.25; 95% CI = 1.46-3.49 vs. RR = 1.98; 95% CI = 1.08-1.11) and subjects with low education (< 7 years of schooling) had a significant RR while those with higher education didn't. Individuals treated with insulin where at highest risk of dementia (RR = 2.83; 95% CI = 1.58-5.06). Hypertension (RR = 2.75; 95% CI = 1.86-4.06) and depression (RR = 3.78; 95% CI = 2.37-6.04) where the two comorbidities which increased the risk of dementia. CONCLUSIONS Subjects with diabetes mellitus have an increased risk of developing dementia. Sociodemographic factors and other co-morbidities highly prevalent in the Mexican population contribute to the diabetes-dementia association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Mejía-Arango
- Departamento de Estudios de Poblacion, Colegio de Frontera Norte, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico.
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Mejía-Arango S, Miguel-Jaimes A, Villa A, Ruiz-Arregui L, Gutiérrez-Robledo LM. [Cognitive impairment and associated factors in older adults in Mexico]. Salud Publica Mex 2007; 49 Suppl 4:S475-81. [PMID: 17724520 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-36342007001000006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2005] [Accepted: 01/31/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of cognitive impairment in the elderly and its relation with sociodemographic and health factors in the Mexican population. MATERIAL AND METHODS From the first wave data of the National Aging and Health Study, collected in 2001 in Mexico, subjects 65 years or older and who had completed a cognitive assessment were selected. Subjects were classified according to two groups: with and without cognitive impairment, based on the cutoff point corresponding to the 10th percentile of the total cognitive assessment score, adjusted for age and educational level. All subjects with cognitive impairment that also had difficulty with one of the activities of daily living were classified as a third group: with cognitive impairment and functional dependency. Prevalence rates were calculated, and an association with demographic and health variables was established through regression analysis. RESULTS Seven percent of the population had cognitive impairment while 3.3% had both conditions. The probability of cognitive impairment was not significantly associated with any demographic or health variables. Cognitive impairment and functional dependency indicated an association with gender, age, marital status, diabetes, stroke, heart disease and depression. CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of cognitive impairment and its relation with chronic disease frequently observed in the Mexican elderly suggest the need to increase early identification of both conditions in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Mejía-Arango
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México.
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Ruiz-Arregui L, Castillo-Martínez L, Orea-Tejeda A, Mejía-Arango S, Miguel-Jaimes A. Prevalence of self-reported overweight-obesity and its association with socioeconomic and health factors among older Mexican adults. Salud Publica Mex 2007; 49 Suppl 4:S482-7. [PMID: 17724521 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-36342007001000007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2005] [Accepted: 01/31/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of obesity and its association with socioeconomic factors and comorbidities in a population-based study. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data were examined from 4,605 persons ages 60 and older that participated in the 2001 Mexican Health and Aging Study, conducted in rural and urban communities in Mexico. The prevalence of obesity (according to self-reported weight and height) was obtained, stratified by age, and logistic regression was used to study cross-sectional associations between obesity and socioeconomic factors. RESULTS Of the population studied, 20.9% were classified as obese and the prevalence diminishes with age. Overall, women were more likely than men to be obese. Lower educational level was associated with lower risk of overweight. In both men and women, obesity was more common between subjects with hypertension (OR 1.38 and 1.71, respectively) and long-distance walk limitation (OR 2.08 and 2.21, respectively). CONCLUSION In older Mexican adults, hypertension and long-distance walk limitation were independent associated factors for higher prevalence of obesity.
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Dorantes-Mendoza G, Avila-Funes JA, Mejía-Arango S, Gutiérrez-Robledo LM. [Factors associated with functional dependence in older adults: a secondary analysis of the National Study on Health and Aging, Mexico, 2001]. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2007; 22:1-11. [PMID: 17931482 DOI: 10.1590/s1020-49892007000600001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify factors associated with dependence for basic activities of daily living (BADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) in elderly adults in Mexico. METHODS A cross-sectional study of data from the first round of Mexico's National Study on Health and Aging, 2001, was undertaken. The sample consisted of 7 171 participants, 60 years of age or older. Multifactorial regression analysis was used to identify associations between BADL and IADL dependence and lifestyle, sociodemographics, family background, and health history, from childhood to present. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 69.4 +/- 7.6 years of age, with a range of 60-105 years; females made up 53.4% of the sample. The BADL- and IADL-dependent groups had a higher mean age (P < 0.01), were predominantly female (P < 0.01), had a greater incidence of illiteracy, and reported a significantly higher number of chronic diseases and greater frequency of pain than did the independent participants. Among the 521 (7.3%) BADL-dependent, there was a higher percentage who were single or widowed (P < 0.01), and their self-assessed health was poorer, than that of the independent (P < 0.01). Among the 603 (8.4%) IADL-dependent, significant, independently associated factors were age, cerebrovascular and other chronic diseases, depression, vision issues, excessive pain, and amputation of a limb. Absence of childhood trauma and fewer years of employment were related to a lower incidence of IADL dependence. CONCLUSIONS Functional dependence in older adults is directly related to aging and has multiple determinants. Awareness of these determinants should help design health programs that can identify individuals who are at high risk of losing their independence, and implement interventions for slowing or reversing the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Dorantes-Mendoza
- Clínica de Geriatría, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México, D.F., México.
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Barragán-Berlanga AJ, Mejía-Arango S, Gutiérrez-Robledo LM. Dolor en adultos mayores de 50 años: prevalencia y factores asociados. Salud pública Méx 2007; 49 Suppl 4:S488-94. [PMID: 17724522 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-36342007001000008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2005] [Accepted: 03/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence and the factors associated with pain in the Mexican elderly. MATERIAL AND METHODS Persons ages 50 years or older answered the question: "Do you often suffer physical pain?" Prevalences were obtained, after which multivariate analyses were conducted for the entire sample and for each age group to determine the associated factors. RESULTS Pain prevalence was 41.5%, more frequent in women (48.3% vs. 33.6%) and increased with age. There was a lower prevalence for persons with more education. Pain was directly associated with the report of arthritis, lung disease, falls, hypertension, depression, stroke, cancer history and problems with activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living. CONCLUSIONS Pain is a common problem among elderly and is associated with some comorbidities.
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