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Benamara M, Iben Nassar K, Rivero-Antúnez P, Essid M, Soreto Teixeira S, Zhao S, Serrà A, Esquivias L. Study of Electrical and Dielectric Behaviors of Copper-Doped Zinc Oxide Ceramic Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering for Electronic Device Applications. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2024; 14:402. [PMID: 38470733 DOI: 10.3390/nano14050402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
In this study, Cu-doped ZnO aerogel nanoparticles with a 4% copper concentration (Cu4ZO) were synthesized using a sol-gel method, followed by supercritical drying and heat treatment. The subsequent fabrication of Cu4ZO ceramics through Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) equipped with EDS, and impedance spectroscopy (IS) across a frequency range of 100 Hz to 1 MHz and temperatures from 270 K to 370 K. The SPS-Cu4ZO sample exhibited a hexagonal wurtzite structure with an average crystallite size of approximately 229 ± 10 nm, showcasing a compact structure with discernible pores. The EDS spectrum indicates the presence of the base elements zinc and oxygen with copper like the dopant element. Remarkably, the material displayed distinct electrical properties, featuring high activation energy values of about 0.269 ± 0.021 eV. Complex impedance spectroscopy revealed the impact of temperature on electrical relaxation phenomena, with the Nyquist plot indicating semicircular arc patterns associated with grain boundaries. As temperature increased, a noticeable reduction in the radius of these arcs occurred, coupled with a shift in their center points toward the axis center, suggesting a non-Debye-type relaxation mechanism. Dielectric analyses revealed a temperature-driven evolution of losses, emphasizing the material's conductivity impact. Non-Debye-type behavior, linked to ion diffusion, sheds light on charge storage dynamics. These insights advance potential applications in electronic devices and energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majdi Benamara
- Laboratory for Building Energy Materials and Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- I3N-Aveiro, Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Kais Iben Nassar
- I3N-Aveiro, Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pedro Rivero-Antúnez
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
- Simidea R&D, European Business and Innovation Centre of Cartagena, 30353 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Manel Essid
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Shanyu Zhao
- Laboratory for Building Energy Materials and Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Albert Serrà
- Thin Films and Nanostructures Electrodeposition Group (GE-CPN), Department of Materials Science and Physical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Esquivias
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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Nassar KI, Tayari F, Benamara M, Teixeira SS, Graça MPF. Exploring bismuth-doped polycrystalline ceramic Ba 0.75Bi 0.25Ni 0.7Mn 0.3O 3: synthesis, structure, and electrical properties for advanced electronic applications. RSC Adv 2023; 13:24023-24030. [PMID: 37577096 PMCID: PMC10413953 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05038f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This manuscript investigates the structural and electrical properties of a Ba0.75Bi0.25Ni0.7Mn0.3O3 (BNMO) perovskite compound synthesized through the sol-gel method. The orthorhombic crystal structure of the sample is confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The electrical conductivity of BNMO is found to increase with frequency, indicating the presence of local charge carriers. The AC electrical conductivity follows Jonscher's equation, exhibiting a plateau at low frequencies and a power-law behavior at high frequencies. The activation energy for conduction is determined to be 0.654 eV. Impedance spectroscopy reveals the presence of grain and grain boundary contributions, which are modeled using an R-CPE combination circuit. Analysis of the electrical modulus demonstrates non-Debye type relaxation and indicates the presence of charge carrier hopping between Mn2+ and Mn3+ ions. The activation energy obtained from the relaxation peaks of the modulus is found to be 0.674 eV. The dielectric constant exhibits high values that increase with temperature. This observation suggests that the capacitance behavior holds promising potential for energy storage applications, making it a suitable candidate for various technological uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kais Iben Nassar
- University of Sfax, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Materials Physics Laboratory B. P1171 3000 Sfax Tunisia
- I3N-Aveiro, Department of Physics, University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Faouzia Tayari
- University of Sfax, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Materials Physics Laboratory B. P1171 3000 Sfax Tunisia
| | - Majdi Benamara
- University of Gabes, Faculty of Sciences of Gabes, Laboratory of Physics of Materials and Nanomaterials Applied to the Environment Erriadh 6079 Gabes Tunisia
| | | | - Manuel Pedro F Graça
- I3N-Aveiro, Department of Physics, University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
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Teixeira SS, Graça MPF, Lucas J, Valente MA, Soares PIP, Lança MC, Vieira T, Silva JC, Borges JP, Jinga LI, Socol G, Mello Salgueiro C, Nunes J, Costa LC. Nanostructured LiFe 5O 8 by a Biogenic Method for Applications from Electronics to Medicine. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:193. [PMID: 33466651 PMCID: PMC7828716 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The physical properties of the cubic and ferrimagnetic spinel ferrite LiFe5O8 has made it an attractive material for electronic and medical applications. In this work, LiFe5O8 nanosized crystallites were synthesized by a novel and eco-friendly sol-gel process, by using powder coconut water as a mediated reaction medium. The dried powders were heat-treated (HT) at temperatures between 400 and 1000 °C, and their structure, morphology, electrical and magnetic characteristics, cytotoxicity, and magnetic hyperthermia assays were performed. The heat treatment of the LiFe5O8 powder tunes the crystallite sizes between 50 nm and 200 nm. When increasing the temperature of the HT, secondary phases start to form. The dielectric analysis revealed, at 300 K and 10 kHz, an increase of ε' (≈10 up to ≈14) with a tanδ almost constant (≈0.3) with the increase of the HT temperature. The cytotoxicity results reveal, for concentrations below 2.5 mg/mL, that all samples have a non-cytotoxicity property. The sample heat-treated at 1000 °C, which revealed hysteresis and magnetic saturation of 73 emu g-1 at 300 K, showed a heating profile adequate for magnetic hyperthermia applications, showing the potential for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Soreto Teixeira
- I3N and Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.S.T.); (M.P.F.G.); (J.L.); (M.A.V.)
| | - Manuel P. F. Graça
- I3N and Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.S.T.); (M.P.F.G.); (J.L.); (M.A.V.)
| | - José Lucas
- I3N and Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.S.T.); (M.P.F.G.); (J.L.); (M.A.V.)
| | - Manuel Almeida Valente
- I3N and Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.S.T.); (M.P.F.G.); (J.L.); (M.A.V.)
| | - Paula I. P. Soares
- CENIMAT/I3N, Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (P.I.P.S.); (M.C.L.); (T.V.); (J.C.S.); (J.P.B.)
| | - Maria Carmo Lança
- CENIMAT/I3N, Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (P.I.P.S.); (M.C.L.); (T.V.); (J.C.S.); (J.P.B.)
| | - Tânia Vieira
- CENIMAT/I3N, Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (P.I.P.S.); (M.C.L.); (T.V.); (J.C.S.); (J.P.B.)
| | - Jorge Carvalho Silva
- CENIMAT/I3N, Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (P.I.P.S.); (M.C.L.); (T.V.); (J.C.S.); (J.P.B.)
| | - João Paulo Borges
- CENIMAT/I3N, Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (P.I.P.S.); (M.C.L.); (T.V.); (J.C.S.); (J.P.B.)
| | - Luiza-Izabela Jinga
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, RO-077125 Magurele, Romania; (L.-I.J.); (G.S.)
| | - Gabriel Socol
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, RO-077125 Magurele, Romania; (L.-I.J.); (G.S.)
| | - Cristiane Mello Salgueiro
- Veterinary Sciences Institute, Ceará State University, Fortaleza 60714-903, Brazil; (C.M.S.); (J.N.)
| | - José Nunes
- Veterinary Sciences Institute, Ceará State University, Fortaleza 60714-903, Brazil; (C.M.S.); (J.N.)
| | - Luís C. Costa
- I3N and Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.S.T.); (M.P.F.G.); (J.L.); (M.A.V.)
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos J. Dias
- Materials Science Department and I3N; New University of Lisbon; 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Madalena Dionisio
- Chemistry Department, FCT; New University of Lisbon; 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Luís C. Costa
- Physics Department and I3N; University of Aveiro; 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
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