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Szura G, Schäfers S, von Soosten D, Meyer U, Klüß J, Breves G, Dänicke S, Rehage J, Ruda L. Gain and loss of subcutaneous and abdominal adipose tissue depot mass of German Holstein dairy cows with different body conditions during the transition period. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:12015-12032. [PMID: 33010909 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) and abdominal adipose tissue (AAT) depots are mobilized during the fresh cow period (FCP) and early lactation period (ELP) to counteract the negative energy balance (NEB). Earlier studies suggested that fat depots contribute differently to lipomobilization and may vary in functionality. Differences between the adipose depots might influence the development of metabolic disorders. Thus, the gain and loss of subcutaneous and abdominal adipose depot masses in Holstein cows with lower and higher body condition (mean body condition scores: 3.48 and 3.87, respectively) were compared in the period from d -42 to d 70 relative to parturition in this study. Animals of the 2 experimental groups represented adequately conditioned and overconditioned cows. Estimated depot mass (eDM) of SCAT, AAT, retroperitoneal, omental, and mesenteric adipose depots of 31 pluriparous German Holstein cows were determined via ultrasonography at d -42, 7, 28, and 70 relative to parturition. The cows were grouped according to the eDM of SCAT on d -42 [low body condition (LBC) group: n = 16, mean eDM 8.6 kg; high body condition (HBC) group: n = 15, mean eDM 15.6 kg]. Average daily change (prepartum gain and postpartum loss) in depot masses during dry period (DP; from d -42 to d 7), FCP (d 7 to d 28), and ELP (d 28 to d 70) were calculated and daily dry matter intake and lactation performance recorded. Cows of this study stored about 2 to 3 times more fat in AAT than in SCAT depots. After parturition, on average more adipose tissue mass was lost from the AAT than the SCAT depot (0.23 kg/d vs. 0.14 kg/d). Cows with high compared with low body condition had similar gains in AAT (0.33 kg/d) and SCAT (0.14 kg/d) masses during the DP but mobilized significantly more adipose tissue mass from both depots after calving (AAT, HBC vs. LBC: 0.30 vs. 0.17 kg/d; SCAT, HBC vs. LBC: 0.19 vs. 0.10 kg/d). Correlation analysis indicated a functional disparity between AAT and SCAT. In the case of AAT (R2 = 0.36), the higher the gain in adipose mass during DP, the higher the loss in FCP, but this was not the case for SCAT. During FCP, a greater NEB resulted in greater loss of mass from SCAT (R2 = 0.18). In turn, greater mobilization of SCAT mass led to a higher calculated feed efficiency (R2 = 0.18). However, AAT showed no such correlations. On the other hand, during ELP, loss of both SCAT and AAT mass correlated positively with feed efficiency (R2 = 0.35 and 0.33, respectively). The results indicate that feed efficiency may not be an adequate criterion for performance evaluation in cows during NEB. Greater knowledge of functional disparities between AAT and SCAT depots may improve our understanding of excessive lipomobilization and its consequences for metabolic health and performance of dairy cows during the transition period.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Szura
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - S Schäfers
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - D von Soosten
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - U Meyer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - J Klüß
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - G Breves
- Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - S Dänicke
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - J Rehage
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hannover, Germany.
| | - L Ruda
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hannover, Germany
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Henssen AG, Odersky A, Szymansky A, Seiler M, Althoff K, Beckers A, Speleman F, Schäfers S, De Preter K, Astrahanseff K, Struck J, Schramm A, Eggert A, Bergmann A, Schulte JH. Targeting tachykinin receptors in neuroblastoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:430-443. [PMID: 27888795 PMCID: PMC5352132 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial tumor in children. Despite aggressive multimodal treatment, high-risk neuroblastoma remains a clinical challenge with survival rates below 50%. Adding targeted drugs to first-line therapy regimens is a promising approach to improve survival in these patients. TACR1 activation by substance P has been reported to be mitogenic in cancer cell lines. Tachykinin receptor (TACR1) antagonists are approved for clinical use as an antiemetic remedy since 2003. Tachykinin receptor inhibition has recently been shown to effectively reduce growth of several tumor types. Here, we report that neuroblastoma cell lines express TACR1, and that targeting TACR1 activity significantly reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis in neuroblastoma cell lines. Gene expression profiling revealed that TACR1 inhibition repressed E2F2 and induced TP53 signaling. Treating mice harboring established neuroblastoma xenograft tumors with Aprepitant also significantly reduced tumor burden. Thus, we provide evidence that the targeted inhibition of tachykinin receptor signaling shows therapeutic efficacy in preclinical models for high-risk neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton G Henssen
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Andrea Odersky
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, Germany
| | - Annabell Szymansky
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Kristina Althoff
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, Germany
| | - Anneleen Beckers
- Center of Medical Genetics Ghent (CMGG), Ghent University Hospital, Belgium
| | - Frank Speleman
- Center of Medical Genetics Ghent (CMGG), Ghent University Hospital, Belgium
| | - Simon Schäfers
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, Germany
| | - Katleen De Preter
- Center of Medical Genetics Ghent (CMGG), Ghent University Hospital, Belgium
| | - Kathy Astrahanseff
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Schramm
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, Germany
| | - Angelika Eggert
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.,German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Partner Site Charite Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Johannes H Schulte
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.,German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Partner Site Charite Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Schäfers S, von Soosten D, Meyer U, Drong C, Frahm J, Tröscher A, Pelletier W, Sauerwein H, Dänicke S. Influence of conjugated linoleic acids and vitamin E on biochemical, hematological, and immunological variables of dairy cows during the transition period. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:1585-1600. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Schäfers S, Meyer U, von Soosten D, Hüther L, Drong C, Eder K, Most E, Tröscher A, Pelletier W, Zeyner A, Dänicke S. Influence of conjugated linoleic acids and vitamin E on milk fatty acid composition and concentrations of vitamin A and α-tocopherol in blood and milk of dairy cows. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 102:e431-e441. [PMID: 28815782 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this trial was to investigate the influences of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and vitamin E (Vit. E) and their interactions on fatty acid composition and vitamins in milk (α-tocopherol, retinol and β-carotene) as well as on α-tocopherol in blood of pluriparous cows from week 6 ante partum until week 10 post-partum (p.p.). We assigned 59 pluriparous German Holstein cows to four treatment groups with the treatment factors CLA and Vit. E at two levels in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Milk fatty acid composition and milk vitamins were analysed on lactation days 7 and 28. α-tocopherol in blood serum was analysed on days -42, -7, 1, 7, 14, 28 and 70 relative to parturition. Milk concentration of α-tocopherol was influenced by Vit. E (p < .001) and CLA (p = .034). Percentage of cis-9, trans-11 CLA in total milk fat was influenced by treatment with CLA (p < .001), while for percentage of trans-10, cis-12 CLA an interaction between treatment and day (p = .019), driven by an increase in both CLA groups from day 7 to day 28, was found. Serum ratios of α-tocopherol to cholesterol were influenced by Vit. E (p < .001). Results suggest that treatment with CLA during late pregnancy and early lactation is suitable to enhance the proportion of trans-10, cis-12 CLA in milk and thereby influencing nutritional properties. As treatment with Vit. E did not have an impact on milk fatty acid composition, it might be possible to increase the antioxidative capacity of the dairy cow without affecting milk properties. Consequently, combined treatment with CLA and Vit. E might elicit synergistic effects on the cow and milk quality by increasing the proportion of CLA in milk fat as well as the excretion of Vit. E and the Vit. E levels in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schäfers
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - U Meyer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - D von Soosten
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - L Hüther
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - C Drong
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - K Eder
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Gießen, Germany
| | - E Most
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Gießen, Germany
| | | | | | - A Zeyner
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Group Animal Nutrition, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - S Dänicke
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Braunschweig, Germany
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Schäfers S, von Soosten D, Meyer U, Drong C, Frahm J, Kluess J, Raschka C, Rehage J, Tröscher A, Pelletier W, Dänicke S. Influence of conjugated linoleic acid and vitamin E on performance, energy metabolism, and change of fat depot mass in transitional dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:3193-3208. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Pajtler KW, Sadowski N, Ackermann S, Althoff K, Schönbeck K, Batzke K, Schäfers S, Odersky A, Heukamp L, Astrahantseff K, Künkele A, Deubzer HE, Schramm A, Sprüssel A, Thor T, Lindner S, Eggert A, Fischer M, Schulte JH. The GSK461364 PLK1 inhibitor exhibits strong antitumoral activity in preclinical neuroblastoma models. Oncotarget 2017; 8:6730-6741. [PMID: 28036269 PMCID: PMC5351666 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is a serine/threonine kinase that promotes G2/M-phase transition, is expressed in elevated levels in high-risk neuroblastomas and correlates with unfavorable patient outcome. Recently, we and others have presented PLK1 as a potential drug target for neuroblastoma, and reported that the BI2536 PLK1 inhibitor showed antitumoral actvity in preclinical neuroblastoma models. Here we analyzed the effects of GSK461364, a competitive inhibitor for ATP binding to PLK1, on typical tumorigenic properties of preclinical in vitro and in vivo neuroblastoma models. GSK461364 treatment of neuroblastoma cell lines reduced cell viability and proliferative capacity, caused cell cycle arrest and massively induced apoptosis. These phenotypic consequences were induced by treatment in the low-dose nanomolar range, and were independent of MYCN copy number status. GSK461364 treatment strongly delayed established xenograft tumor growth in nude mice, and significantly increased survival time in the treatment group. These preclinical findings indicate PLK1 inhibitors may be effective for patients with high-risk or relapsed neuroblastomas with upregulated PLK1 and might be considered for entry into early phase clinical trials in pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian W Pajtler
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK Core Center Heidelberg), Germany
| | - Natalie Sadowski
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children`s Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sandra Ackermann
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital, and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
| | - Kristina Althoff
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children`s Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schönbeck
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Batzke
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children`s Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Simon Schäfers
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children`s Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andrea Odersky
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children`s Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lukas Heukamp
- NEO New Oncology, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Hematopathology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kathy Astrahantseff
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Künkele
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Hedwig E Deubzer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Schramm
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children`s Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Annika Sprüssel
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK Berlin), Germany
| | - Theresa Thor
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children`s Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK Essen), Germany
- Translational Neuro-Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sven Lindner
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children`s Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Angelika Eggert
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK Berlin), Germany
| | - Matthias Fischer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital, and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
- Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Johannes H Schulte
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK Berlin), Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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7
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Henssen A, Althoff K, Odersky A, Beckers A, Koche R, Speleman F, Schäfers S, Bell E, Nortmeyer M, Westermann F, De Preter K, Florin A, Heukamp L, Spruessel A, Astrahanseff K, Lindner S, Sadowski N, Schramm A, Astorgues-Xerri L, Riveiro ME, Eggert A, Cvitkovic E, Schulte JH. Targeting MYCN-Driven Transcription By BET-Bromodomain Inhibition. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:2470-81. [PMID: 26631615 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Targeting BET proteins was previously shown to have specific antitumoral efficacy against MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma. We here assess the therapeutic efficacy of the BET inhibitor, OTX015, in preclinical neuroblastoma models and extend the knowledge on the role of BRD4 in MYCN-driven neuroblastoma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The efficacy of OTX015 was assessed in in vitro and in vivo models of human and murine MYCN-driven neuroblastoma. To study the effects of BET inhibition in the context of high MYCN levels, MYCN was ectopically expressed in human and murine cells. The effect of OTX015 on BRD4-regulated transcriptional pause release was analyzed using BRD4 and H3K27Ac chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with DNA sequencing (ChIP-Seq) and gene expression analysis in neuroblastoma cells treated with OTX015 compared with vehicle control. RESULTS OTX015 showed therapeutic efficacy against preclinical MYCN-driven neuroblastoma models. Similar to previously described BET inhibitors, concurrent MYCN repression was observed in OTX015-treated samples. Ectopic MYCN expression, however, did not abrogate effects of OTX015, indicating that MYCN repression is not the only target of BET proteins in neuroblastoma. When MYCN was ectopically expressed, BET inhibition still disrupted MYCN target gene transcription without affecting MYCN expression. We found that BRD4 binds to super-enhancers and MYCN target genes, and that OTX015 specifically disrupts BRD4 binding and transcription of these genes. CONCLUSIONS We show that OTX015 is effective against mouse and human MYCN-driven tumor models and that BRD4 not only targets MYCN, but specifically occupies MYCN target gene enhancers as well as other genes associated with super-enhancers. Clin Cancer Res; 22(10); 2470-81. ©2015 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Henssen
- Molecular Pharmacology & Chemistry Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Kristina Althoff
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany. German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Partner Site Essen/Duesseldorf, Essen, Germany
| | - Andrea Odersky
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anneleen Beckers
- Center of Medical Genetics Ghent (CMGG), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Richard Koche
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Frank Speleman
- Center of Medical Genetics Ghent (CMGG), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Simon Schäfers
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany. German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Partner Site Essen/Duesseldorf, Essen, Germany
| | - Emma Bell
- Neuroblastoma Genomics, B087, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maike Nortmeyer
- Neuroblastoma Genomics, B087, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Westermann
- Neuroblastoma Genomics, B087, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katleen De Preter
- Center of Medical Genetics Ghent (CMGG), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alexandra Florin
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lukas Heukamp
- New Oncology, Köln, Germany. Institut für Hämatopathologie Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annika Spruessel
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kathy Astrahanseff
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Lindner
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Natalie Sadowski
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander Schramm
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | | | - Angelika Eggert
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Esteban Cvitkovic
- Oncology Therapeutic Development, Clichy, France. Oncoethix, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johannes H Schulte
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany. German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Partner Site Essen/Duesseldorf, Essen, Germany. Neuroblastoma Genomics, B087, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. Translational Neuro-Oncology, West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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8
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Henssen A, Althoff K, Koche R, Odersky A, Beckers A, Speleman F, Schäfers S, De Preter K, Florin A, Heukamp L, Spruessel A, Astrahanseff K, Sadowski N, Schramm A, Eggert A, Astorgues-Xerri L, Riveiro E, Cvitkovic E, Schulte JH. Abstract 4731: Targeting super-enhancer induced gene expression with the novel BRD4 inhibitor OTX015 in preclinical models of MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-4731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) functions as an epigenetic reader and binds to promoter super-enhancer regions driving oncogenes such as MYC. Neuroblastomas (NB) harboring MYCN amplifications are highly lethal tumors often resistant to standard chemotherapy. OTX015 is a novel BRD2/3/4 inhibitor currently in clinical Phase Ib studies in hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. We have previously reported that OTX015 displayed in vitro and in vivo antitumor effects, together with MYCN transcription attenuation in NB models (Henssen et al; AACR 2014). Here, we investigated OTX015 targeting of super-enhancer regulated genes in MYCN-amplified NB in vitro and in vivo models. Protein-DNA interactions were analyzed using ChipSeq in IMR 5 cells. We identified super-enhancers associated with a variety of genes of known importance in NB, including MYCN, as well as some previously undescribed genes. OTX015 inhibited cell proliferation in Chp-212, Chp-134, Gimen, IMR-32, NB69, SK-N-AS, SK-N-BE, and SK-N-BE2 NB cell lines after 72 h exposure. OTX015 reduced tumor burden in IMR 5 xenograft mice and in a genetically engineered model of MYCN-amplified NB LSL MYCN;Dbh-iCre, when administered by oral gavage at a dose of 25 mg/kg daily for 3 weeks. Antitumoral effects of OTX015 were coupled with decreased binding of BRD4 to chromatin and subsequent global transcriptional changes. Moreover, OTX015 exposure led to significant transcriptional downregulation of genes associated with super-enhancers, supporting the notion that BRD4 preferentially acts at these chromatin sites. Interestingly, BRD inhibition not only attenuated MYCN transcription but most significantly affected MYCN-regulated transcriptional programs. Ectopic expression of MYCN was not able to abrogate the antitumoral effects of BRD4 inhibition, indicating direct involvement of MYCN in super-enhancer regulated gene expression and possibly explaining the increased susceptibility of MYCN-amplified NB to OTX015 inhibition. We describe here for the first time that BRD inhibition by OTX015 selectively and preferentially targets global super-enhancer induced transcription in MYCN-driven NB. These new insights will serve as a rationale for a clinical trial in pediatric MYCN-amplified NB patients with OTX015.
Citation Format: Anton Henssen, Kristina Althoff, Richard Koche, Andrea Odersky, Anneleen Beckers, Frank Speleman, Simon Schäfers, Katleen De Preter, Alexandra Florin, Lukas Heukamp, Annika Spruessel, Kathy Astrahanseff, Natalie Sadowski, Alexander Schramm, Angelika Eggert, Lucile Astorgues-Xerri, Eugenia Riveiro, Esteban Cvitkovic, Johannes H. Schulte. Targeting super-enhancer induced gene expression with the novel BRD4 inhibitor OTX015 in preclinical models of MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4731. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4731
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Henssen
- 1Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Kristina Althoff
- 2Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Richard Koche
- 1Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Andrea Odersky
- 2Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anneleen Beckers
- 3Center of Medical Genetics Ghent (CMGG), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Speleman
- 3Center of Medical Genetics Ghent (CMGG), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Simon Schäfers
- 2Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Katleen De Preter
- 3Center of Medical Genetics Ghent (CMGG), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alexandra Florin
- 4Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lukas Heukamp
- 4Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Annika Spruessel
- 2Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kathy Astrahanseff
- 5Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany, Germany
| | - Natalie Sadowski
- 2Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander Schramm
- 2Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Angelika Eggert
- 6Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Johannes H. Schulte
- 2Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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Schulte JH, Althoff K, Bell E, Odersky A, Beckers A, Speleman F, Schäfers S, Schramm A, Eggert A, Westermann F, Riveiro E, Cvitkovic E, Henssen A. Abstract 3967: BET protein inhibitor OTX015 has selective anti-tumoral activity in preclinical models of MYCN- amplified neuroblastoma. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-3967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Neuroblastomas harboring MYCN amplifications are highly lethal tumors. They are often resistant to standard chemotherapy, yet the development of targeted therapies has been hampered by a lack of compounds targeting MYCN. We and others have recently discovered that targeting BET bromodomain proteins, especially BRD4, disrupts epigenetic regulation of MYCN and its targets in neuroblastoma. OTX015, a new BET protein inhibitor, is the first lead into clinical phase I/II trials and has shown promising pharmacological properties in adults. Here, we investigate the preclinical efficacy of OTX015 in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma.
We tested in vitro OTX015 efficacy in 6 established neuroblastoma (NB) cell lines. We performed cell cycle profiling and analyzed markers for apoptosis and proliferation after 72h-treatment at 500 nM OTX015. The effect of OTX015 on MYCN expression and global MYCN-associated transcriptional activity was assessed by quantitative real time PCR and gene expression microarray profiling, respectively. In vivo efficacy of orally OTX015 was assessed in IMR5 xenografts, a N-MYC driven NB model, using diffent treatment schedules (50mg/kg/day, 100mg/kg/day and 50mg/kg/bidaily).
Treatment of MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells with OTX015 resulted in decreased cell viability, induction of apoptosis and reduced proliferation. Concentrations of 50% inhibition (IC50) ranged between 50nM and 500nM. OTX015 treatment also resulted in an increase in the percentage of cells in G1 phase. This corresponded with the downregulation of MYCN mRNA and protein levels and MYCN-associated transcriptional activity. Interestigly, MYCN amplified cell lines were most sensitive to OTX015 treatment. In contrast, no effect was observed with OTX15 on normal cells. In vivo treatment with OTX015, significantly decreased tumor burden after 4 weeks and prolonged survival as compared to vehicle-treated mice. These preclinical findings highlight the promise of BET bromodomain inhibitors as novel agents for MYCN-driven neuroblastomas and serve as rationale to move forward with early phase clinical trials for children with these highly lethal tumors.
Citation Format: Johannes H. Schulte, Kristina Althoff, Emma Bell, Andrea Odersky, Anneleen Beckers, Frank Speleman, Simon Schäfers, Alexander Schramm, Angelika Eggert, Frank Westermann, Eugenia Riveiro, Esteban Cvitkovic, Anton Henssen. BET protein inhibitor OTX015 has selective anti-tumoral activity in preclinical models of MYCN- amplified neuroblastoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3967. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3967
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emma Bell
- 2Neuroblastoma Genomics (B087), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Odersky
- 1University Hospital Essen, Children's Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Anneleen Beckers
- 3Center of Medical Genetics Ghent (CMGG), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Speleman
- 3Center of Medical Genetics Ghent (CMGG), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Simon Schäfers
- 1University Hospital Essen, Children's Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Angelika Eggert
- 4Dept. of Ped. Oncology/Hematology, Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Westermann
- 2Neuroblastoma Genomics (B087), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Anton Henssen
- 1University Hospital Essen, Children's Hospital, Essen, Germany
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Schostak M, Baumunk D, Jagota A, Klopf C, Winter A, Schäfers S, Kössler R, Brenecke V, Weikert S, Miller K. UP-02.169 Time Trends in Prostate Cancer Surgery: Data from an Internet-based Multicenter Database. Urology 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2011.07.987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Schäfers S, Hermann S, Kuhlmann M, Viel T, Kopka K, Schober O, Schäfers M, Jacobs A. Characterization of Experimental Gliomas by Multi-Modal Molecular Imaging. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1272659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Viel T, Boehm-Sturm P, Monfared P, Schäfers S, Schneider G, Neumaier B, Thorsen F, Hoehn M, Bjerkvig R, Miletic H, Jacobs A. Multi-modal molecular imaging of anti-angiogenic treatment strategies of experimental gliomas. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1272677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Schlitt HJ, Schäfers S, Deiwick A, Eckardt KU, Pietsch T, Ebell W, Nashan B, Ringe B, Wonigeit K, Pichlmayr R. Extramedullary erythropoiesis in human liver grafts. Hepatology 1995; 21:689-96. [PMID: 7533123 DOI: 10.1002/hep.1840210314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Extramedullary erythropoiesis in the adult is very rare and is generally confined to situations of severe bone marrow irritation or replacement. In this study, we describe the occurrence of intrahepatic erythropoiesis in patients who have received a liver allograft and who have no evidence of bone marrow dysfunction. By routinely performed transplant aspiration cytology (TAC), marked intrahepatic erythropoiesis could be detected in 39 of 312 patients (12.5%) with liver allograft. In 19 patients, including 5 of 8 (63%) after combined liver and kidney transplantation, intrahepatic erythropoiesis occurred within the first 3 weeks after surgery. Twenty patients showed intrahepatic erythropoiesis between 3 weeks and 4 months after transplantation. Erythropoiesis was usually transient, lasting between 1 and 3 weeks. Cytologically, mature as well as immature erythroblasts of GlyA+ CD36+ CD45- phenotype could be detected in the grafts, whereas they were absent in blood; histologically, the cells could be localized to the sinusoids of the liver. There was no clear correlation of preoperative or postoperative hemoglobin levels, graft function, kidney function, and immunosuppressive medication with the presence or absence of erythropoiesis. Moreover, serum levels of erythropoietin (EPO) and stem cell factor (SCF) in patients with and without intrahepatic erythropoiesis in the early postoperative phase did not show significant differences. These findings show that intrahepatic erythropoiesis can occur transiently in human liver allografts and suggest that systemic stimuli as well as local factors may contribute to it.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Schlitt
- Klinik für Abdominal- und Transplantationschirurgie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany
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Faber L, Sürig M, Dumitriu M, Ylinen T, Schäfers S, Kostic N, Klempt HW. Dynamic intracavity gradients: a 'new' hemodynamic abnormality in the spectrum of secondary left ventricular hypertrophy. Cardiology 1994; 84:65-78. [PMID: 8174144 DOI: 10.1159/000176524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The effect of provocation on left ventricular (LV) outflow was studied by continuous-wave Doppler echocardiography in 93 patients with LV hypertrophy (LVH), either due to pressure overload or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and in 39 healthy volunteers. In 50 patients with LVH, outflow acceleration (gradients ranging from 19 to 130 mm Hg) was induced or accentuated by at least one provocative situation independently of LVH aetiology. In normal persons LV outflow remained unchanged. Calcium antagonist treatment reduced outflow acceleration. It is concluded that dynamic LV gradients are a non-specific flow abnormality in the spectrum of LVH that merits consideration.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Sublingual
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/diagnostic imaging
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/drug therapy
- Cohort Studies
- Echocardiography, Doppler/drug effects
- Female
- Hemodynamics/drug effects
- Hemodynamics/physiology
- Humans
- Hypertension/diagnostic imaging
- Hypertension/drug therapy
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/diagnostic imaging
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/drug therapy
- Infusions, Intravenous
- Lung Diseases, Obstructive/diagnostic imaging
- Lung Diseases, Obstructive/drug therapy
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Myocardial Infarction/diagnostic imaging
- Myocardial Infarction/drug therapy
- Nitroglycerin/administration & dosage
- Pilot Projects
- Valsalva Maneuver
- Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects
- Ventricular Function, Left/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- L Faber
- Klinik Martinusquelle, Bad Lippspringe, FRG
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