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Migliano SM, Schultz SW, Wenzel EM, Takáts S, Liu D, Mørk S, Tan KW, Rusten TE, Raiborg C, Stenmark H. Removal of hypersignaling endosomes by simaphagy. Autophagy 2023:1-23. [PMID: 37840274 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2267958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated transmembrane receptors continue to signal following endocytosis and are only silenced upon ESCRT-mediated internalization of the receptors into intralumenal vesicles (ILVs) of the endosomes. Accordingly, endosomes with dysfunctional receptor internalization into ILVs can cause sustained receptor signaling which has been implicated in cancer progression. Here, we describe a surveillance mechanism that allows cells to detect and clear physically intact endosomes with aberrant receptor accumulation and elevated signaling. Proximity biotinylation and proteomics analyses of ESCRT-0 defective endosomes revealed a strong enrichment of the ubiquitin-binding macroautophagy/autophagy receptors SQSTM1 and NBR1, a phenotype that was confirmed in cell culture and fly tissue. Live cell microscopy demonstrated that loss of the ESCRT-0 subunit HGS/HRS or the ESCRT-I subunit VPS37 led to high levels of ubiquitinated and phosphorylated receptors on endosomes. This was accompanied by dynamic recruitment of NBR1 and SQSTM1 as well as proteins involved in autophagy initiation and autophagosome biogenesis. Light microscopy and electron tomography revealed that endosomes with intact limiting membrane, but aberrant receptor downregulation were engulfed by phagophores. Inhibition of autophagy caused increased intra- and intercellular signaling and directed cell migration. We conclude that dysfunctional endosomes are surveyed and cleared by an autophagic process, simaphagy, which serves as a failsafe mechanism in signal termination.Abbreviations: AKT: AKT serine/threonine kinase; APEX2: apurinic/apyrimidinic endodoexyribonuclease 2; ctrl: control; EEA1: early endosome antigen 1; EGF: epidermal growth factor; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor; ESCRT: endosomal sorting complex required for transport; GFP: green fluorescent protein; HGS/HRS: hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate; IF: immunofluorescence; ILV: intralumenal vesicle; KO: knockout; LIR: LC3-interacting region; LLOMe: L-leucyl-L-leucine methyl ester (hydrochloride); MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MAPK1/ERK2: mitogen-activated protein kinase 1; MAPK3/ERK1: mitogen-activated protein kinase 3; NBR1: NBR1 autophagy cargo receptor; PAG10: Protein A-conjugated 10-nm gold; RB1CC1/FIP200: RB1 inducible coiled-coil 1; siRNA: small interfering RNA; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; TUB: Tubulin; UBA: ubiquitin-associated; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; VCL: Vinculin; VPS37: VPS37 subunit of ESCRT-I; WB: western blot; WT: wild-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona M Migliano
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sebastian W Schultz
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eva M Wenzel
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Szabolcs Takáts
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dan Liu
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Silje Mørk
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kia Wee Tan
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tor Erik Rusten
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla Raiborg
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Harald Stenmark
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Schultz SW, Agudo-Canalejo J, Chino H, Migliano SM, Saito C, Koyama-Honda I, Stenmark H, Brech A, Mizushima N, Knorr RL, May AI. Should I bend or should I grow: the mechanisms of droplet-mediated autophagosome formation. Autophagy 2021; 17:1046-1048. [PMID: 33629888 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1887548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phase-separated droplets with liquid-like properties can be degraded by macroautophagy/autophagy, but the mechanism underlying this degradation is poorly understood. We have recently derived a physical model to investigate the interaction between autophagic membranes and such droplets, uncovering that intrinsic wetting interactions underlie droplet-membrane contacts. We found that the competition between droplet surface tension and the increasing tendency of growing membrane sheets to bend determines whether a droplet is completely engulfed or isolated in a piecemeal fashion, a process we term fluidophagy. Intriguingly, we found that another critical parameter of droplet-membrane interactions, the spontaneous curvature of the membrane, determines whether the droplet is degraded by autophagy or - counterintuitively - serves as a platform from which autophagic membranes expand into the cytosol. We also discovered that the interaction of membrane-associated LC3 with the LC3-interacting region (LIR) found in the autophagic cargo receptor protein SQSTM1/p62 and many other autophagy-related proteins influences the preferred bending directionality of forming autophagosomes in living cells. Our study provides a physical account of how droplet-membrane wetting underpins the structure and fate of forming autophagosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian W Schultz
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jaime Agudo-Canalejo
- Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.,Department of Living Matter Physics, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Haruka Chino
- Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Simona M Migliano
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Chieko Saito
- Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuko Koyama-Honda
- Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Harald Stenmark
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Brech
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Noboru Mizushima
- Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Roland L Knorr
- Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Molecular Physiology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Alexander I May
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan.,Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI), Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
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3
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Adell MAY, Migliano SM, Upadhyayula S, Bykov YS, Sprenger S, Pakdel M, Vogel GF, Jih G, Skillern W, Behrouzi R, Babst M, Schmidt O, Hess MW, Briggs JA, Kirchhausen T, Teis D. Recruitment dynamics of ESCRT-III and Vps4 to endosomes and implications for reverse membrane budding. eLife 2017; 6:31652. [PMID: 29019322 PMCID: PMC5665648 DOI: 10.7554/elife.31652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ESCRT machinery mediates reverse membrane scission. By quantitative fluorescence lattice light-sheet microscopy, we have shown that ESCRT-III subunits polymerize rapidly on yeast endosomes, together with the recruitment of at least two Vps4 hexamers. During their 3–45 s lifetimes, the ESCRT-III assemblies accumulated 75–200 Snf7 and 15–50 Vps24 molecules. Productive budding events required at least two additional Vps4 hexamers. Membrane budding was associated with continuous, stochastic exchange of Vps4 and ESCRT-III components, rather than steady growth of fixed assemblies, and depended on Vps4 ATPase activity. An all-or-none step led to final release of ESCRT-III and Vps4. Tomographic electron microscopy demonstrated that acute disruption of Vps4 recruitment stalled membrane budding. We propose a model in which multiple Vps4 hexamers (four or more) draw together several ESCRT-III filaments. This process induces cargo crowding and inward membrane buckling, followed by constriction of the nascent bud neck and ultimately ILV generation by vesicle fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Alonso Y Adell
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Simona M Migliano
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Srigokul Upadhyayula
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Yury S Bykov
- Structural and Computational Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Sprenger
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mehrshad Pakdel
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Georg F Vogel
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gloria Jih
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Wesley Skillern
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Reza Behrouzi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Markus Babst
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Utah, United States.,Center for Cell and Genome Science, University of Utah, Utah, United States
| | - Oliver Schmidt
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael W Hess
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - John Ag Briggs
- Structural and Computational Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.,Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tomas Kirchhausen
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - David Teis
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Austrian Drug Screening Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
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Alonso Y Adell M, Migliano SM, Teis D. ESCRT-III and Vps4: a dynamic multipurpose tool for membrane budding and scission. FEBS J 2016; 283:3288-302. [PMID: 26910595 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Complex molecular machineries bud, scission and repair cellular membranes. Components of the multi-subunit endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery are enlisted when multivesicular bodies are generated, extracellular vesicles are formed, the plasma membrane needs to be repaired, enveloped viruses bud out of host cells, defective nuclear pores have to be cleared, the nuclear envelope must be resealed after mitosis and for final midbody abscission during cytokinesis. While some ESCRT components are only required for specific processes, the assembly of ESCRT-III polymers on target membranes and the action of the AAA-ATPase Vps4 are mandatory for every process. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of structural and functional features of ESCRT-III/Vps4 assemblies in the growing pantheon of ESCRT-dependent pathways. We describe specific recruitment processes for ESCRT-III to different membranes, which could be useful to selectively inhibit ESCRT function during specific processes, while not affecting other ESCRT-dependent processes. Finally, we speculate how ESCRT-III and Vps4 might function together and highlight how the characterization of their precise spatiotemporal organization will improve our understanding of ESCRT-mediated membrane budding and scission in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simona M Migliano
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David Teis
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria.
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