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Gomes B, Higginson IJ, Calanzani N, Cohen J, Deliens L, Daveson BA, Bechinger-English D, Bausewein C, Ferreira PL, Toscani F, Meñaca A, Gysels M, Ceulemans L, Simon ST, Pasman HRW, Albers G, Hall S, Murtagh FEM, Haugen DF, Downing J, Koffman J, Pettenati F, Finetti S, Antunes B, Harding R. Preferences for place of death if faced with advanced cancer: a population survey in England, Flanders, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain. Ann Oncol 2012; 23:2006-2015. [PMID: 22345118 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdr602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer end-of-life care (EoLC) policies assume people want to die at home. We aimed to examine variations in preferences for place of death cross-nationally. METHODS A telephone survey of a random sample of individuals aged ≥16 in England, Flanders, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain. We determined where people would prefer to die if they had a serious illness such as advanced cancer, facilitating circumstances, personal values and experiences of illness, death and dying. RESULTS Of 9344 participants, between 51% (95% CI: 48% to 54%) in Portugal and 84% (95% CI: 82% to 86%) in the Netherlands would prefer to die at home. Cross-national analysis found there to be an influence of circumstances and values but not of experiences of illness, death and dying. Four factors were associated with a preference for home death in more than one country: younger age up to 70+ (Germany, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain), increased importance of dying in the preferred place (England, Germany, Portugal, Spain), prioritizing keeping a positive attitude (Germany, Spain) and wanting to involve family in decisions if incapable (Flanders, Portugal). CONCLUSIONS At least two-thirds of people prefer a home death in all but one country studied. The strong association with personal values suggests keeping home care at the heart of cancer EoLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gomes
- King's College London, Cicely Saunders Institute, Department of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, London, UK.
| | - I J Higginson
- King's College London, Cicely Saunders Institute, Department of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, London, UK
| | - N Calanzani
- King's College London, Cicely Saunders Institute, Department of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, London, UK
| | - J Cohen
- End-of-Life Care Research Group, Ghent University & Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - L Deliens
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Palliative Care Center of Expertise, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; End-of-Life Care Research Group, Ghent University & Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - B A Daveson
- King's College London, Cicely Saunders Institute, Department of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, London, UK
| | - D Bechinger-English
- King's College London, Cicely Saunders Institute, Department of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, London, UK
| | - C Bausewein
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Palliativmedizin, Berlin, Germany; King's College London, Cicely Saunders Institute, Department of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, London, UK
| | - P L Ferreira
- Centre for Health Studies and Research, University of Coimbra (CEISUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - F Toscani
- Istituto di Ricerca in Medicina Palliativa, Fondazione Lino Maestroni ONLUS, Cremona, Italy
| | - A Meñaca
- Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB-Hospital Clínic), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Gysels
- Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB-Hospital Clínic), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - S T Simon
- Center for Palliative Medicine and Clinical Trials Unit, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Palliative Care (ipac), Oldenburg, Germany
| | - H R W Pasman
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Palliative Care Center of Expertise, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - G Albers
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Palliative Care Center of Expertise, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S Hall
- King's College London, Cicely Saunders Institute, Department of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, London, UK
| | - F E M Murtagh
- King's College London, Cicely Saunders Institute, Department of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, London, UK
| | - D F Haugen
- European Palliative Care Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Regional Centre of Excellence for Palliative Care, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - J Downing
- Formerly African Palliative Care Association (APCA), Kampala, Uganda
| | - J Koffman
- King's College London, Cicely Saunders Institute, Department of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, London, UK
| | - F Pettenati
- Istituto di Ricerca in Medicina Palliativa, Fondazione Lino Maestroni ONLUS, Cremona, Italy
| | - S Finetti
- Istituto di Ricerca in Medicina Palliativa, Fondazione Lino Maestroni ONLUS, Cremona, Italy
| | - B Antunes
- Centre for Health Studies and Research, University of Coimbra (CEISUC), Coimbra, Portugal; King's College London, Cicely Saunders Institute, Department of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, London, UK
| | - R Harding
- King's College London, Cicely Saunders Institute, Department of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, London, UK
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Sagredo O, García-Arencibia M, de Lago E, Finetti S, Decio A, Fernández-Ruiz J. Cannabinoids and neuroprotection in basal ganglia disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2007; 36:82-91. [PMID: 17952653 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-007-0004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2006] [Accepted: 03/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoids have been proposed as clinically promising neuroprotective molecules, as they are capable to reduce excitotoxicity, calcium influx, and oxidative injury. They are also able to decrease inflammation by acting on glial processes that regulate neuronal survival and to restore blood supply to injured area by reducing the vasoconstriction produced by several endothelium-derived factors. Through one or more of these processes, cannabinoids may provide neuroprotection in different neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease and Huntington's chorea, two chronic diseases that are originated as a consequence of the degeneration of specific nuclei of basal ganglia, resulting in a deterioration of the control of movement. Both diseases have been still scarcely explored at the clinical level for a possible application of cannabinoids to delay the progressive degeneration of the basal ganglia. However, the preclinical evidence seems to be solid and promising. There are two key mechanisms involved in the neuroprotection by cannabinoids in experimental models of these two disorders: first, a cannabinoid receptor-independent mechanism aimed at producing a decrease in the oxidative injury and second, an induction/upregulation of cannabinoid CB2 receptors, mainly in reactive microglia, that is capable to regulate the influence of these glial cells on neuronal homeostasis. Considering the relevance of these preclinical data and the lack of efficient neuroprotective strategies in both disorders, we urge the development of further studies that allow that the promising expectatives generated for these molecules progress from the present preclinical evidence till a real clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onintza Sagredo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina III, Universidad Complutense, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Antonelli T, Tomasini MC, Tattoli M, Cassano T, Finetti S, Mazzoni E, Trabace L, Carratù MR, Cuomo V, Tanganelli S, Ferraro L. Prenatal exposure to the cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2 and carbon monoxide reduces extracellular glutamate levels in primary rat cerebral cortex cell cultures. Neurochem Int 2006; 49:568-76. [PMID: 16777266 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2006.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2006] [Revised: 04/19/2006] [Accepted: 04/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The effects of prenatal exposure to the cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2 (0.5 mg/kg s.c.), alone or in combination with carbon monoxide, on extracellular glutamate levels in primary rat cerebral cortical neuronal cultures, were investigated. Dam weight gain, pregnancy length and litter size at birth were not affected by prenatal treatment with WIN 55,212-2 and carbon monoxide alone or in combination. Basal and K(+)-evoked extracellular glutamate levels were reduced in cortical cultures from pups born to mothers exposed to WIN 55,212-2 and carbon monoxide alone or in combination compared to cultures from rats born to vehicle-treated mothers. In cultures obtained from rats exposed to vehicle or carbon monoxide alone during gestation, WIN 55,212-2 (0.01-100 nM) increased extracellular glutamate levels, displaying a bell-shaped concentration-response curve. In cultures from rats born to mothers exposed to WIN 55,212-2 alone or in combination with carbon monoxide the WIN 55,212-2 ( 1 nM)-induced increase in extracellular glutamate levels was lower than that observed in cultures from rats born to vehicle-treated mothers and similar at those observed at 10 and 100 nM concentrations. The selective CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716A (10 nM) counteracted the WIN 55,212-2-induced increase in extracellular glutamate levels in cultures exposed to vehicle or carbon monoxide during gestation, but failed to antagonise it in cultures from rats born to mothers exposed to WIN 55,212-2 alone or in combination with carbon monoxide. These findings provide evidence that prenatal exposure to the cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2 and carbon monoxide, alone or in combination, is associated with an impairment in cortical glutamatergic transmission. It could be speculated that such detrimental effects might be involved in the reported deficit in learning and memory associated with prenatal marijuana exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Section, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
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Antonelli T, Tomasini MC, Tattoli M, Cassano T, Tanganelli S, Finetti S, Mazzoni E, Trabace L, Steardo L, Cuomo V, Ferraro L. Prenatal Exposure to the CB1 Receptor Agonist WIN 55,212-2 Causes Learning Disruption Associated with Impaired Cortical NMDA Receptor Function and Emotional Reactivity Changes in Rat Offspring. Cereb Cortex 2005; 15:2013-20. [PMID: 15788701 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhi076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether prenatal exposure to the cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2 (WIN) at a daily dose devoid of overt signs of toxicity and/or gross malformations (0.5 mg/kg, gestation days 5-20), influences cortical glutamatergic neurotransmission, learning and emotional reactivity in rat offspring. Basal and K+-evoked extracellular glutamate levels were significantly lower in cortical cell cultures obtained from pups exposed to WIN during gestation with respect to those measured in cultures obtained from neonates born from vehicle-treated dams. The addition of NMDA to cortical cell cultures from neonates born from vehicle-treated dams concentration-dependently increased glutamate levels, and this was absent in cell cultures obtained from WIN-exposed pups. WIN-exposed rats also revealed a poorer performance in homing (10-12 days of age) and active avoidance tests (80 days of age) as well as a decrease in the rate of separation-induced ultrasonic emission (10 days of age). Finally, prenatal exposure to WIN induced a reduction in the number of cortical neuronal population. These findings (i) provide evidence for a deficit in cortical glutamatergic neurotransmission and behaviour in the rat neonate following prenatal exposure to WIN; and (ii) suggest that the reduction in cortical glutamatergic neurotransmission, NMDA receptor activity and alterations in neuronal development might underlie, at least in part, the learning deficit and decreased emotional reactivity observed in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Section, University of Ferrara, Italy
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Antonelli T, Tanganelli S, Tomasini MC, Finetti S, Trabace L, Steardo L, Sabino V, Carratu MR, Cuomo V, Ferraro L. Long-term effects on cortical glutamate release induced by prenatal exposure to the cannabinoid receptor agonist (R)-(+)-[2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-(4-morpholinyl-methyl)pyrrolo[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl]-1-naphthalenylmethanone: an in vivo microdialysis study in the awake rat. Neuroscience 2004; 124:367-75. [PMID: 14980386 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2003.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2003] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present in vivo microdialysis study was to investigate whether prenatal exposure to the CB(1) receptor agonist WIN55,212-2 mesylate (WIN; (R)-(+)-[2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-(4-morpholinyl-methyl)pyrrolo[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl]-1-naphthalenylmethanone), at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg (s.c. from the fifth to the 20th day of gestation), that causes neither malformations nor overt signs of toxicity, influences cortical glutamate extracellular levels in adult (90-day old) rats. Dam weight gain, pregnancy length and litter size at birth were not significantly affected by prenatal treatment with WIN. Basal and K(+)-evoked dialysate glutamate levels were lower in the cerebral cortex of adult rats exposed to WIN during gestation than in those born from vehicle-treated mothers. In both group of animals WIN (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) increased dialysate glutamate levels. However, while the blockade of the CB1 receptors with the selective receptor antagonist SR141716A completely counteracted the WIN-induced increase in those rats exposed to vehicle during gestation, it failed to antagonise the increase in those born from WIN-treated dams. These findings suggest that prenatal exposure to the CB1 receptor agonist WIN, at a concentration which is not associated with gross malformations and/or overt signs of toxicity, induces permanent alterations in cortical glutamatergic function. The possibility that these effects might underlie, at least in part, some of the cognitive deficits affecting the offspring of marijuana users is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Section, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Antonelli T, Tomasini MC, Finetti S, Giardino L, Calzà L, Fuxe K, Soubriè P, Tanganelli S, Ferraro L. Neurotensin enhances glutamate excitotoxicity in mesencephalic neurons in primary culture. J Neurosci Res 2002; 70:766-73. [PMID: 12444598 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.10415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The tridecapeptide neurotensin has been demonstrated to increase glutamate release in discrete rat brain regions, leading to the hypothesis of a possible involvement of the peptide in neurodegenerative pathologies. The role of neurotensin in modulating glutamate excitotoxicity and the possible neuroprotective action of the neurotensin receptor antagonist SR48692 were investigated in primary cultures of mesencephalic neurons by measuring [(3)H]dopamine uptake and tyrosine hydroxylase immunocytochemistry 24 hr after glutamate treatment. The exposure to glutamate (30 and 100 microM, 10 min) decreased [(3)H]dopamine uptake into mesencephalic neurons. Neurotensin (10 and 100 nM), added before glutamate (30 microM) exposure, significantly enhanced the glutamate-induced reduction of [(3)H]dopamine uptake. In addition, the peptide (10 nM) also significantly enhanced the effect of 100 microM glutamate. The effects of neurotensin were counteracted by the neurotensin receptor antagonist SR48692 (100 nM) and by the protein kinase C inhibitor calphostin C. The exposure to 100 microM, but not 30 microM, glutamate significantly reduced the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive cells, and neurotensin (10 nM) significantly enhanced this effect. SR48692 (100 nM) prevented the neurotensin-induced action. These findings support the view of a possible pathophysiological role of neurotensin in mesencephalic dopamine neuronal function. Furthermore, selective neurotensin antagonists in combination with conventional drug treatments could provide a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Section, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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