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Anichini G, Terrosi C, Gori Savellini G, Gandolfo C, Barbagli F, Carta GA, Fabrizi S, Miceli GB, Cusi MG. Antibody Response against Circulating Omicron Variants 8 Months after the Third Dose of mRNA Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091512. [PMID: 36146590 PMCID: PMC9501623 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 wave is being recently propelled by BA.2 and, particularly, BA.5 lineages, showing clear transmission advantages over the previously circulating strains. In this study, neutralizing antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 Wild-Type, BA.2 and BA.5 Omicron sublineages were evaluated among vaccinees, uninfected or infected with Omicron BA.1 strain, 8 months after the third dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. The aim of this study was to compare the cross-protective humoral response to the currently circulating variant strains induced by vaccination, followed by Omicron infection in some subjects. Results showed a low antibody titer against all three variants in uninfected vaccinated subjects. On the other hand, vaccinated subjects, infected with BA.1 variant after receiving the third dose (about 40 days later), showed a strong response against both BA.2 and BA.5 strains, albeit with lower titers. This reinforces the concept that vaccination is fundamental to induce an adequate and protective immune response against SARS-CoV-2, but needs to be updated, in order to also widen the range of action towards emerging variants, phylogenetically distant from the Wuhan strain, against which the current formulation is targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Anichini
- Virology Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Chiara Terrosi
- Virology Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Gianni Gori Savellini
- Virology Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Claudia Gandolfo
- Virology Unit, Santa Maria AlleScotte University Hospital, V.le Bracci 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Barbagli
- Preventive Medicine and Health Surveillance Unit, Santa Maria AlleScotte University Hospital, V.le Bracci 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giulio Alberto Carta
- Preventive Medicine and Health Surveillance Unit, Santa Maria AlleScotte University Hospital, V.le Bracci 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Simonetta Fabrizi
- Preventive Medicine and Health Surveillance Unit, Santa Maria AlleScotte University Hospital, V.le Bracci 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Battista Miceli
- Preventive Medicine and Health Surveillance Unit, Santa Maria AlleScotte University Hospital, V.le Bracci 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Cusi
- Virology Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Virology Unit, Santa Maria AlleScotte University Hospital, V.le Bracci 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Śliz M, Tuci F, Czerwińska K, Fabrizi S, Lombardi L, Wilk M. Hydrothermal carbonization of the wet fraction from mixed municipal solid waste: Hydrochar characteristics and energy balance. Waste Manag 2022; 151:39-48. [PMID: 35926280 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mixed municipal solid waste (MSW) may be pre-treated in a mechanical-biological treatment (MBT) plant to produce an exiting stream with improved combustible characteristics. The process also produces a second waste stream, which is generally separated on a size basis by industrial sieving equipment. It contains fractions with a high moisture content such as residual food waste, soiled paper and cardboard, and small fragments of other materials. Samples of this stream, collected at an existing plant, were characterized and processed by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) at laboratory scale, at various temperatures (180, 200 and 220 °C), reaction times (1, 4 and 8 h) and solid to water ratios (0.15 and 0.07). The primary energy balance, on a hypothetical industrial scale, was performed. In brief, the results confirmed that the produced hydrochar was a brittle, hydrophobic, solid carbonaceous product which gave a better combustion performance as the residence time of the HTC process was increased. Moreover, the dewaterability of the carbonized waste was greatly improved when compared to raw, wet samples. The results of the primary energy balance confirmed that the energy contained in the produced hydrochar was higher than the energy consumption for the process itself, under all the HTC working conditions. The energy consumed in the process was in the range of 40-70 % of the energy content of the produced hydrochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Śliz
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - F Tuci
- University of Florence, via Santa Marta 3, Firenze 50139, Italy
| | - K Czerwińska
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - S Fabrizi
- Niccolò Cusano University, via don Carlo Gnocchi 3, Rome 00166, Italy
| | - L Lombardi
- Niccolò Cusano University, via don Carlo Gnocchi 3, Rome 00166, Italy
| | - M Wilk
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Krakow, Poland
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Anichini G, Terrosi C, Gandolfo C, Gori Savellini G, Fabrizi S, Miceli GB, Franchi F, Cusi MG. Omicron Infection Evokes Cross-Protection against SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Vaccinees. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:808. [PMID: 35632563 PMCID: PMC9144393 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the rapid global spread of the Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant, efforts to scale up COVID-19 booster vaccination have been improved, especially in light of the increasing evidence of reduced neutralizing antibody (NT Ab) over time in vaccinated subjects. In this study, neutralizing antibody responses against the Wild-Type, Delta, and Omicron strains were evaluated among vaccinees, both infected with Omicron or uninfected, and non-vaccinated subjects infected with Omicron. The aim of the study was to compare the cross-protective humoral response to the variant strains induced by vaccination and/or Omicron infection. The results showed a significant difference in the neutralizing antibody response between the vaccinees and the Omicron-infected vaccinated subjects against the three tested strains (p < 0.001), confirming the booster effect of the Omicron infection in the vaccinees. By contrast, Omicron infection only did not enhance the antibody response to the other variants, indicating a lack of cross-protection. These results suggest the importance of updating the current formulation of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine to protect people against the Omicron subvariants. A specific Omicron vaccine, administered as a booster for the previously adopted mRNA vaccines, may protect against a wider range of SARS-CoV-2 variants. However, it is unlikely that the Omicron vaccine alone would be able to protect non-vaccinated subjects against other circulating variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Anichini
- Virology Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.A.); (C.T.); (G.G.S.)
| | - Chiara Terrosi
- Virology Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.A.); (C.T.); (G.G.S.)
| | - Claudia Gandolfo
- Virology Unit, Santa Maria alle Scotte University Hospital, V.le Bracci 1, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Gianni Gori Savellini
- Virology Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.A.); (C.T.); (G.G.S.)
| | - Simonetta Fabrizi
- Preventive Medicine and Health Surveillance Unit, Santa Maria alle Scotte University Hospital, V.le Bracci 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.F.); (G.B.M.)
| | - Giovanni Battista Miceli
- Preventive Medicine and Health Surveillance Unit, Santa Maria alle Scotte University Hospital, V.le Bracci 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.F.); (G.B.M.)
| | - Federico Franchi
- Emergency-Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Santa Maria alle Scotte University Hospital, V.le Bracci 1, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Maria Grazia Cusi
- Virology Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.A.); (C.T.); (G.G.S.)
- Virology Unit, Santa Maria alle Scotte University Hospital, V.le Bracci 1, 53100 Siena, Italy;
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Anichini G, Gandolfo C, Terrosi C, Fabrizi S, Miceli GB, Gori Savellini G, Prathyumnan S, Franchi F, Cusi MG. Antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in infected patients with different clinical outcome. J Med Virol 2021; 93:2548-2552. [PMID: 33427302 PMCID: PMC8014628 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Data regarding antibody responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) in patients infected with COVID‐19 are not yet available. In this study, we aimed to evaluate serum antibody responses in patients regardless of the outcome. We measured the circulating immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody levels in 60 subjects with a certified history of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection by using immunoenzymatic, chemiluminescent, and Neutralization assays. Half patients had a severe infection, the other half were pauci‐symptomatic. We analyzed their antibody response to see the trend of the humoral response. Our results showed a significant difference in circulating IgG level among the two groups. The neutralizing antibody response against SARS‐CoV‐2 was significantly higher among those who had severe disease. Furthermore, ten subjects from each group were screened twice, and a declining antibody trend was observed in pauci‐symptomatic individuals. These findings provide evidence that humoral immunity against SARS‐CoV‐2 in pauci‐symptomatic people is weak and may not be long‐lasting. This may have implications for immunity strategy and prevention, since it is still not clear whether a time‐dependent decrease of both circulating and neutralizing antibodies to nonprotective levels could occur in a longer time span and whether potential vaccines are able to induce a herd immunity and a durable response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Anichini
- Virology Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Tuscany, Italy
| | - Claudia Gandolfo
- Virology Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Tuscany, Italy.,Microbiology and Virology Unit, Santa Maria alle Scotte University Hospital, Siena, Tuscany, Italy
| | - Chiara Terrosi
- Virology Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Tuscany, Italy
| | - Simonetta Fabrizi
- Preventive Medicine and Health Surveillance Unit, Santa Maria alle Scotte University Hospital, Siena, Tuscany, Italy
| | - Giovanni Battista Miceli
- Preventive Medicine and Health Surveillance Unit, Santa Maria alle Scotte University Hospital, Siena, Tuscany, Italy
| | - Gianni Gori Savellini
- Virology Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Tuscany, Italy
| | - Shibily Prathyumnan
- Virology Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Tuscany, Italy
| | - Federico Franchi
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Tuscany, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Cusi
- Virology Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Tuscany, Italy.,Microbiology and Virology Unit, Santa Maria alle Scotte University Hospital, Siena, Tuscany, Italy
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Anichini G, Gandolfo C, Fabrizi S, Miceli GB, Terrosi C, Gori Savellini G, Prathyumnan S, Orsi D, Battista G, Cusi MG. Seroprevalence to Measles Virus after Vaccination or Natural Infection in an Adult Population, in Italy. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8010066. [PMID: 32028593 PMCID: PMC7158681 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An increase in measles cases worldwide, with outbreaks, has been registered in the last few years, despite the availability of a safe and highly efficacious vaccine. In addition to an inadequate vaccination coverage, even in high-income European countries studies proved that some vaccinated people were also found seronegative years after vaccination, thus increasing the number of people susceptible to measles infection. In this study, we evaluated the immunization status and the seroprevalence of measles antibodies among 1092 healthy adults, either vaccinated or naturally infected, in order to investigate the persistence of anti-measles IgG. Among subjects who received two doses of measles vaccine, the neutralizing antibody titer tended to decline over time. In addition, data collected from a neutralization assay performed on 110 healthy vaccinated subjects suggested an inverse correlation between neutralizing antibody titers and the time elapsed between the two vaccinations, with a significant decline in the neutralizing titer when the interval between the two doses was ≥11 years. On the basis of these results, monitoring the serological status of the population 10-12 years after vaccination could be important both to limit the number of people who are potentially susceptible to measles, despite the high efficacy of MMR vaccine, and to recommend a booster vaccine for the seronegatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Anichini
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Santa Maria delle Scotte Hospital, V.le Bracci, 1 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.A.); (C.G.); (C.T.); (G.G.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Claudia Gandolfo
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Santa Maria delle Scotte Hospital, V.le Bracci, 1 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.A.); (C.G.); (C.T.); (G.G.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Simonetta Fabrizi
- Preventive Medicine and Health Surveillance Unit, Santa Maria delle Scotte Hospital, V.le Bracci, 1 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.F.); (G.B.M.); (D.O.); (G.B.)
| | - Giovan Battista Miceli
- Preventive Medicine and Health Surveillance Unit, Santa Maria delle Scotte Hospital, V.le Bracci, 1 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.F.); (G.B.M.); (D.O.); (G.B.)
| | - Chiara Terrosi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Santa Maria delle Scotte Hospital, V.le Bracci, 1 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.A.); (C.G.); (C.T.); (G.G.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Gianni Gori Savellini
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Santa Maria delle Scotte Hospital, V.le Bracci, 1 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.A.); (C.G.); (C.T.); (G.G.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Shibily Prathyumnan
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Santa Maria delle Scotte Hospital, V.le Bracci, 1 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.A.); (C.G.); (C.T.); (G.G.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Daniela Orsi
- Preventive Medicine and Health Surveillance Unit, Santa Maria delle Scotte Hospital, V.le Bracci, 1 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.F.); (G.B.M.); (D.O.); (G.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Battista
- Preventive Medicine and Health Surveillance Unit, Santa Maria delle Scotte Hospital, V.le Bracci, 1 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.F.); (G.B.M.); (D.O.); (G.B.)
| | - Maria Grazia Cusi
- Preventive Medicine and Health Surveillance Unit, Santa Maria delle Scotte Hospital, V.le Bracci, 1 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.F.); (G.B.M.); (D.O.); (G.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0577-233871
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Abstract
Data from a series of 181 patients subjected to long-term follow-up after surgical resection for non-small cell stage I and II lung cancer were analyzed to evaluate the statistical incidence and the prognostic factors of recurrence. The recurrence rate/year was particularly high in the first 2 years after surgery: the 2-year recurrence rate was 35.1% in stage I tumors and 51.8% in stage II, whereas the 5- and 7-year recurrence rates were 46.1 and 55.9% and 65.8 and 70.7%, respectively, for the same groups. Recurrences were observed more frequently in non-epidermoid carcinomas with multiple nodules (100% at 5 years) and in carcinomas classified as stage II (70.7% at 5-7 years), particularly when defined as adenocarcinoma (100% at 3 years). In the overall recurrence rate we observed no significant difference dependent on the type of resection even though limited segmental or wedge resection appeared to be related to a higher risk rate (true recurrence rate ratio: 0.6). Over two-thirds of the first observed recurrences were located at a distant site, with a slightly higher incidence of non-epidermoid carcinoma (72.5%). Isolated local recurrence mostly occurred in epidermoid carcinoma (47.6%). The most frequent sites of recurrence were the brain, bone and mediastinum. On multivariate analysis, independently significant adverse prognostic factors regarding the recurrence incidence were: tumor size greater than 3 cm, bronchial or hilar lymph node involvement, tumor histologically defined as adenocarcinoma, and the presence of satellite nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Cangemi
- 1st Department of Surgery, University of Rome, La Sapienza, Italy
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Cangemi V, Volpino P, D'Andrea N, Gentili S, Fabrizi S, Ippoliti F, Piat G. Thymostimulin effect on the immune response in neoplastic patients submitted to surgical treatment. Panminerva Med 1993; 35:218-23. [PMID: 8202335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We selected the data from performance status, disease state, skin tests, circulating lymphocytes and relative subsets, serum immunoglobulin classes to evaluate the immune response in 29 neoplastic patients treated with surgery and undergoing Thymostimulin administration during long term follow-up. Moderate drug intolerance was observed in 3 patients. After treatment lymphocyte count increase (41% mean increase) in 61.5% of cases; CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16 respectively 95-74-87-82% of cases; immunoglobulin classes in about 90% of cases. A clear-cut improvement of Karnofsky's index was observed in 34.6% of cases, worsening in 11.5%. A manifest improvement in the delayed hypersensitivity skin test resulted in 36% of cases. Most patients (85%) have shown signs of complete disease remission. Disease progression was observed only in 3 patients. There were no infections during this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Cangemi
- 1st Department of Surgery, University La Sapienza of Rome, Italy
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Di Pietrantonj F, Fabrizi S, Baldelli S, Baldassarre S. [Evaluation of bone mineral content by quantitative computed tomography]. Radiol Med 1988; 76:363-4. [PMID: 3187094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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