Cardiac fat pat change after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cardiac fat pad is a metabolically active organ that plays a role in energy homeostasis and cardiovascular diseases and generates inflammatory cytokines. Many studies have shown remarkable associations between cardiac fat thickness and cardiovascular diseases, making it a valuable target for interventions. Our meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effects of the 2 most popular bariatric surgeries (sleeve gastrectomy [SG] and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass [RYGB]) in cardiac fat pad reduction. A systematic review of the literature was done by searching in Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and PubMed for articles published by September 16, 2022. This review followed the meta-analysis rules based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria out of 128 potentially useful studies, including a total number of 822 patients. The results of subgroup analysis on the type of surgery showed that bariatric surgeries decreased the mean fat pad diameter, but the reduction was greater in SG than in RYGB. Epicardial and pericardial fat type showed a significant decrease of fat pad diameter. The results of subgroup analysis indicated RYGB had a significant reduction in mean fat pad volume. Computed tomography scan and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showed a significant reduction of the mean cardiac fat pad volume. Epicardial and paracardial fat type showed a significant decrease in volume. The cardiac fat pad diameter and volume were significantly reduced after bariatric surgeries. SG showed greater reduction in fat pad diameter in comparison with RYGB, and RYGB had a significant reduction in mean fat pad volume.

Spontaneous Isolated Superior Mesenteric Artery Dissection With Thrombosis: A Case Report of a Rare Presentation of Acute Abdominal Pain

Spontaneous isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection is a very rare vascular disease that involves the superior mesenteric artery or its branches, with an incidence as low as 0.08%. The majority of cases occur in patients of Asian descent. Due to advances in imaging modalities, particularly abdominal computed tomography angiography, the diagnosis of this disease has been increasing. Herein, we present a rare case of spontaneous isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection with thrombosis in a young male patient with no past medical history. The importance of this disease as a differential diagnosis for acute abdominal pain is emphasized.

Poland Syndrome With Renal Stone: A Case Report

Poland syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly with various presentations. The most consistent findings of this syndrome are hypoplasia or aplasia of the sternocostal part of the pectoralis major muscle and upper limb malformations. Here, we are reporting a case of Poland syndrome with renal stone, a new finding that has not been reported in previous literature.

Effects of psychological or physical prenatal stress on attention and locomotion in juvenile rats

Background: Prenatal stress has been shown to affect the cognition of offspring, including memory and learning abilities.Methods: In the current study, the long-term effects of chronic prenatal exposure to the physical or psychological stress on locomotion and attention were evaluated by using open field test (OFT) and prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle reflex (ASR). In addition, the level of corticosterone was measured after the ASR trial.Results: Male and female rodents that underwent prenatal physical and psychological stress had an augmented velocity in OFT, and only male animals showed an increased ASR. Neither male nor female offsprings had an alteration in the level of corticosterone and PPI values regardless of the stress type.Conclusion: Our results revealed that exposure to stress during the development of fetus increases ASR in a sex-dependent manner. This finding might implicate the effect of prenatal stress on attention in male offspring regardless of the stress type.