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Masraf H, Sef D, Chin SL, Hunduma G, Trkulja V, Miskolczi S, Velissaris T, Luthra S. Long-Term Survival among Octogenarians Undergoing Aortic Valve Replacement with or without Simultaneous Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A 22-Year Tertiary Single-Center Experience. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4841. [PMID: 37510956 PMCID: PMC10381828 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) on aortic valve replacement (AVR) in octogenarians is still debated. We analyzed the characteristics and long-term survival of octogenarians undergoing isolated AVR and AVR + CABG. METHODS All octogenarians who consecutively underwent AVR with or without concomitant CABG at our tertiary cardiac center between 2000 and 2022 were included. Patients with redo, emergent, or any other concomitant procedures were excluded. The primary endpoints were 30-day and long-term survival. The secondary endpoints were early postoperative outcomes and determinants of long-term survival. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of 30-day mortality, and Cox regression analysis was performed for predictors of adverse long-term survival. RESULTS A total of 1011 patients who underwent AVR (83.0 [81.0-85.0] years, 42.0% males) and 1055 with AVR + CABG (83.0 [81.2-85.4] years, 66.1% males) were included in our study. Survival at 30 days and at 1, 3, and 5 years in the AVR group was 97.9%, 91.5%, 80.5%, and 66.2%, respectively, while in the AVR + CABG group it was 96.2%, 89.6%, 77.7%, and 64.7%, respectively. There was no significant difference in median postoperative survival between the AVR and AVR + CABG groups (7.1 years [IQR: 6.7-7.5] vs. 6.6 years [IQR: 6.3-7.2], respectively, p = 0.21). Significant predictors of adverse long-term survival in the AVR group included age (hazard ratio (HR): 1.09; 95% CI: 1.06-1.12, p < 0.001), previous MI (HR: 2.08; 95% CI: 1.32-3.28, p = 0.002), and chronic kidney disease (HR 2.07; 95% CI: 1.33-3.23, p = 0.001), while in the AVR + CABG group they included age (HR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.04-1.10, p < 0.001) and diabetes mellitus (HR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.15-1.89, p = 0.002). Concomitant CABG was not an independent risk factor for adverse long-term survival (HR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.77-1.02, p = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS The long-term survival of octogenarians who underwent AVR or AVR + CABG was similar and was not affected by adding concomitant CABG. However, octogenarians who underwent concomitant CABG with AVR had significantly higher in-hospital mortality. Each decision should be discussed within the heart team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Masraf
- Wessex Cardiothoracic Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Davorin Sef
- Wessex Cardiothoracic Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Sirr Ling Chin
- Wessex Cardiothoracic Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Gabriel Hunduma
- Wessex Cardiothoracic Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | | | - Szabolcs Miskolczi
- Wessex Cardiothoracic Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Theodore Velissaris
- Wessex Cardiothoracic Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Suvitesh Luthra
- Wessex Cardiothoracic Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
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2
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Stevens C, Chin SL, Karavios D, Takhar A, Arshad A, Hamady Z, Armstrong T, Pearce N, Primrose J. P-P30 Outcomes from resection of pancreatic metastases and non-neuroendocrine, non-pancreatic tumours. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab430.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Isolated metastatic disease within the pancreas is an uncommon finding. The potentially higher perioperative risk and low incidence of resectable metastases has limited the development of evidence based guidelines for pancreatic metastectomy. However, reports in the literature suggest a considered approach to resecting patients with limited disease, favourable tumour type and a significant disease free interval. The aim of this study was to examine the indications and outcomes of pancreatic resection for metastatic disease and non-pancreatic, non-neuroendocrine malignancy at a high-volume pancreatic surgery centre.
Methods
This is a retrospective analysis of a prospectively managed database of pancreatic resections for metastatic disease or primary non-pancreatic, non-neuroendocrine tumours at a single institution. Data collected and analysed included patient demographics, operative details and peri-operative outcomes, subsequent survival and mode of recurrence.
Results
Records of 711 patients who underwent pancreatic resection were examined. 21 consecutive patients met the inclusion criteria, representing 3% of the unit’s throughput. The perioperative morbidity and mortality were 33% and 0% respectively. Overall survival was 86months (95%CI 63-107) for renal cell carcinoma and 64months for other tumours.
Conclusions
When coupled with the low morbidity and mortality rates of a high-volume pancreatic surgery centre using careful patient selection, pancreatic metastectomy has the potential to result in good long-term survival. Recent improvement in the efficacy of systemic therapies, particularly for renal cell carcinoma and melanoma contribute to the utility of resection and to the improved survival of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Stevens
- University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Sirr Ling Chin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Arjun Takhar
- University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Arshad
- University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Zaed Hamady
- University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Neil Pearce
- University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - John Primrose
- University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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3
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Kosareva O, Panov N, Shipilo D, Mokrousova D, Nikolaeva I, Mitina E, Koribut A, Reutov A, Rizaev G, Couairon A, Houard A, Skryabin D, Saletskiy A, Savel'ev A, Seleznev L, Ionin A, Chin SL. Postfilament supercontinuum on 100 m path in air. Opt Lett 2021; 46:1125-1128. [PMID: 33649673 DOI: 10.1364/ol.416224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pulses at 744 nm with 90 fs duration, 6 mJ energy, and a weakly divergent wavefront propagate for more than 100 m and generate a filament followed by an unprecedently long high intensity (≥1TW/cm2) light channel. Over a 20 m long sub-section of this channel, the pulse energy is transferred continuously to the infrared wing, forming spectral humps that extend up to 850 nm. From 3D+time carrier-resolved simulations of 100 m pulse propagation, we show that spectral humps indicate the formation of a train of femtosecond pulses appearing at a predictable position in the propagation path.
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4
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Shipilo DE, Panov NA, Sunchugasheva ES, Mokrousova DV, Shutov AV, Zvorykin VD, Ustinovskii NN, Seleznev LV, Savel'ev AB, Kosareva OG, Chin SL, Ionin AA. Fifteen meter long uninterrupted filaments from sub-terawatt ultraviolet pulse in air. Opt Express 2017; 25:25386-25391. [PMID: 29041206 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.025386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A technique is presented to create uninterrupted long ultraviolet filaments in air using appropriately structured transmission mesh. The mesh with different cell sizes was inserted into 10-cm parallel beam of 0.2-J, 248-nm, and 870-fs pulse propagating along ~100-m corridor. Transverse positions of multiple filaments formed by the optimum size cells were reproducible within at least 15 m along the propagation path. 3D+time simulations confirmed uninterrupted plasma channels with fixed positions in the transverse space similar to the experiment. Unoptimized cell size resulted in filaments shifting towards the cell center and destruction of uninterrupted filaments.
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5
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Ju J, Wang TJ, Li R, Du S, Sun H, Liu Y, Tian Y, Bai Y, Liu Y, Chen N, Wang J, Wang C, Liu J, Chin SL, Xu Z. Corona discharge induced snow formation in a cloud chamber. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11749. [PMID: 28924141 PMCID: PMC5603531 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial rainmaking is in strong demand especially in arid regions. Traditional methods of seeding various Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) into the clouds are costly and not environment friendly. Possible solutions based on ionization were proposed more than 100 years ago but there is still a lack of convincing verification or evidence. In this report, we demonstrated for the first time the condensation and precipitation (or snowfall) induced by a corona discharge inside a cloud chamber. Ionic wind was found to have played a more significant role than ions as extra CCN. In comparison with another newly emerging femtosecond laser filamentation ionization method, the snow precipitation induced by the corona discharge has about 4 orders of magnitude higher wall-plug efficiency under similar conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Ju
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and fine Mechanics (SIOM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 390, Qinghe Road, Jiading District, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Tie-Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and fine Mechanics (SIOM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 390, Qinghe Road, Jiading District, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Ruxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and fine Mechanics (SIOM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 390, Qinghe Road, Jiading District, Shanghai, 201800, China.
| | - Shengzhe Du
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and fine Mechanics (SIOM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 390, Qinghe Road, Jiading District, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Haiyi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and fine Mechanics (SIOM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 390, Qinghe Road, Jiading District, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Yonghong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and fine Mechanics (SIOM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 390, Qinghe Road, Jiading District, Shanghai, 201800, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-structured Material, Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ye Tian
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and fine Mechanics (SIOM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 390, Qinghe Road, Jiading District, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Yafeng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and fine Mechanics (SIOM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 390, Qinghe Road, Jiading District, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Yaoxiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and fine Mechanics (SIOM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 390, Qinghe Road, Jiading District, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Na Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and fine Mechanics (SIOM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 390, Qinghe Road, Jiading District, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Jingwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and fine Mechanics (SIOM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 390, Qinghe Road, Jiading District, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and fine Mechanics (SIOM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 390, Qinghe Road, Jiading District, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Jiansheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and fine Mechanics (SIOM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 390, Qinghe Road, Jiading District, Shanghai, 201800, China.,IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - S L Chin
- Center for Optics, Photonics and Laser (COPL), Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Zhizhan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and fine Mechanics (SIOM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 390, Qinghe Road, Jiading District, Shanghai, 201800, China.
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6
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Andreeva VA, Kosareva OG, Panov NA, Shipilo DE, Solyankin PM, Esaulkov MN, González de Alaiza Martínez P, Shkurinov AP, Makarov VA, Bergé L, Chin SL. Ultrabroad Terahertz Spectrum Generation from an Air-Based Filament Plasma. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:063902. [PMID: 26918992 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.063902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We have solved the long-standing problem of the mechanism of terahertz (THz) generation by a two-color filament in air and found that both neutrals and plasma contribute to the radiation. We reveal that the contribution from neutrals by four-wave mixing is much weaker and higher in frequency than the distinctive plasma lower-frequency contribution. The former is in the forward direction while the latter is in a cone and reveals an abrupt down-shift to the plasma frequency. Ring-shaped spatial distributions of the THz radiation are shown to be of universal nature and they occur in both collimated and focusing propagation geometries. Experimental measurements of the frequency-angular spectrum generated by 130-fs laser pulses agree with numerical simulations based on a unidirectional pulse propagation model.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Andreeva
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Leninskie gori 1/2, Moscow, Russia
| | - O G Kosareva
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Leninskie gori 1/2, Moscow, Russia
- International Laser Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Leninskie gori 1/62, Moscow, Russia
| | - N A Panov
- International Laser Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Leninskie gori 1/62, Moscow, Russia
| | - D E Shipilo
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Leninskie gori 1/2, Moscow, Russia
| | - P M Solyankin
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Leninskie gori 1/2, Moscow, Russia
| | - M N Esaulkov
- Institute on Laser and Information Technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ILIT RAS), 140700 Shatura, Russia
| | | | - A P Shkurinov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Leninskie gori 1/2, Moscow, Russia
- International Laser Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Leninskie gori 1/62, Moscow, Russia
| | - V A Makarov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Leninskie gori 1/2, Moscow, Russia
- International Laser Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Leninskie gori 1/62, Moscow, Russia
| | - L Bergé
- CEA-DAM, DIF, 91297 Arpajon, France
| | - S L Chin
- Département de Physique, de Génie Physique et d'Optique, Centre d'Optique, Photonique et Laser (COPL), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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7
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Borodin AV, Panov NA, Kosareva OG, Andreeva VA, Esaulkov MN, Makarov VA, Shkurinov AP, Chin SL, Zhang XC. Transformation of terahertz spectra emitted from dual-frequency femtosecond pulse interaction in gases. Opt Lett 2013; 38:1906-1908. [PMID: 23722785 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.001906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that the two basic physical mechanisms of terahertz (THz) generation in a femtosecond filament, namely, the free electron photocurrent and the nonlinear polarization of neutrals, can be identified through the spectral analysis of THz radiation. The contribution from the photocurrent peaks at the units of THz, while the neutrals yield the peak at the tens of THz. We suggest the practical implementation of such spectral analysis by varying the initial transform-limited laser pulse duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Borodin
- Department of Physics and International Laser Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119923, Russia
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8
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Daigle JF, Théberge F, Henriksson M, Wang TJ, Yuan S, Châteauneuf M, Dubois J, Piché M, Chin SL. Remote THz generation from two-color filamentation: long distance dependence. Opt Express 2012; 20:6825-6834. [PMID: 22418565 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.006825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Remote terahertz (THz) generation from two-color filamentation is investigated as a function of the onset position of filaments. THz signals emitted by filaments produced at distances up to 55 m from the laser source were measured. However, from 9 m to 55 m, the THz signal decayed monotonically for increasing onset positions. With a simple calculation, the dominant factors associated to this decay were identified as group velocity mismatch of the two-color pulses and linear diffraction induced by focusing and propagating the second harmonic pulse.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-F Daigle
- AEREX Avionique inc., Breakeyville, Québec, G0S 1E1, Canada.
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9
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Zhang Y, Chen Y, Marceau C, Liu W, Sun ZD, Xu S, Théberge F, Châteauneuf M, Dubois J, Chin SL. Non-radially polarized THz pulse emitted from femtosecond laser filament in air. Opt Express 2008; 16:15483-15488. [PMID: 18825186 DOI: 10.1364/oe.16.015483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond laser filament could produce THz wave in forward direction. In our experiment, THz pulse emitted from a femtosecond laser filament has been investigated. It was found that the polarization of the studied THz pulse mainly appears as elliptical. This observation supplements the previous conclusion obtained by C. D'Amico et al. that THz wave emitted by a filament is radially polarized. The mechanism of generating elliptically polarized THz wave has been interpreted by either four-wave optical rectification or second order optical rectification inside the filament zone where centro-symmetry of the air is broken by the femtosecond laser pulse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Information Science and Technology, Education Ministry of China, Tianjin 300071, PR China
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10
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Sharifi M, Kong F, Chin SL, Mineo H, Dyakov Y, Mebel AM, Chao SD, Hayashi M, Lin SH. Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of High-Power Laser Ionization and Dissociation of Methane. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:9405-16. [PMID: 17764161 DOI: 10.1021/jp074053f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is to report the high-power laser ionization-dissociation of CH(4) at various femtosecond (fs) laser intensities (from 1 x 10(14) W/cm(2) to 2 x 10(15) W/cm(2)) with a laser pulse duration of 48 fs. The generalized molecular Keldysh theory has been applied to calculate the ionization yields for CH(4)+ and CH(4)++. Outside the influence of the fs intense laser, we propose to calculate the mass spectra due to the decomposition of CH(4)+ and CH(4)++, using the Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) theory. The agreement between the experimental mass spectra and calculated mass spectra seems to be reasonable.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sharifi
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Optics, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, GIK 7P4, Canada
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11
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Bernier M, Faucher D, Vallée R, Saliminia A, Androz G, Sheng Y, Chin SL. Bragg gratings photoinduced in ZBLAN fibers by femtosecond pulses at 800 nm. Opt Lett 2007; 32:454-6. [PMID: 17392885 DOI: 10.1364/ol.32.000454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Fiber Bragg gratings were written in thulium-doped and undoped single-mode ZBLAN fibers by focusing femtosecond laser pulses on the fiber core through a phase mask. Maximum index modulation of the order of 1 x 10(-3) was induced in both types of fibers. Measurements of the transverse refractive index changes across the core and cladding regions indicate that the grating formation originates from a negative index change.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bernier
- Centre d'Optique, Photonique et Laser, Université Laval, Québec G1K 7P4, Canada.
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12
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Abstract
The space and time distribution of electromagnetic energy is essential information for any laser pulse applications that require precision. Although many instruments quantify the temporal profile of ultrashort laser pulses, they are generally limited to space-averaged measurement. In this work, we present an extremely simple technique to characterize the spatial distribution of fluence, pulse duration and chirp of ultrashort light pulses. This technique is based upon imaging the two-photon fluorescence distribution generated by the laser pulse as it propagates through a dispersive medium. It is expected that this technique will provide to less specialized users a precise in-situ analysis of their ultrashort laser beam.
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Abstract
We report, for what we believe to be the first time, on the feasibility of remote time-resolved filament-induced breakdown spectroscopy (FIBS) of biological materials. The fluorescence from egg white and yeast powder, induced by femtosecond laser pulse filamentation in air, was detected in the backward direction with targets located 3.5 m away from the detection system. The remarkably distinct spectra of egg white and yeast allow us to propose that this technique, time-resolved FIBS, could be potentially useful for remote detection and identification of harmful biological agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Xu
- Center d'Optique, Photonique et Laser (COPL) et Département de Physique, de Génie Physique et d'Optique, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
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14
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Deng YP, Zhu JB, Ji ZG, Liu JS, Shuai B, Li RX, Xu ZZ, Théberge F, Chin SL. Transverse evolution of a plasma channel in air induced by a femtosecond laser. Opt Lett 2006; 31:546-8. [PMID: 16496915 DOI: 10.1364/ol.31.000546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the evolution of filamentation in air by using a longitudinal diffraction method and a plasma fluorescence imaging technique. The diameter of a single filament in which the intensity is clamped increases as the energy of the pump light pulse increases, until multiple filaments appear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y P Deng
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.
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15
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Liu J, Schroeder H, Chin SL, Li R, Xu Z. Nonlinear propagation of fs laser pulses in liquids and evolution of supercontinuum generation. Opt Express 2005; 13:10248-10259. [PMID: 19503239 DOI: 10.1364/opex.13.010248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nonlinear propagation of fs laser pulses in liquids and the dynamic processes of filamentation such as self-focusing, intensity clamping, and evolution of white light production have been analyzed by using one- and two-photon fluorescence. The energy losses of laser pulses caused by multiphoton absorption and conical emission have been measured respectively by z-scan technique. Numerical simulations of fs laser propagation in water have been made to explain the evolution of white light production as well as the small-scale filaments in liquids we have observed by a nonlinear fluorescence technique.
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Abstract
The choice of the growth substrate for cell cultures used in fluorescence microscopy is guided by several factors including the type of cells studied and the type of microscopy used. Usually, cells can be cultured on either polymer or glass substrates. One type of polymer, termed Aclar, presents several attractive features: the adhesive properties are better than those of glass, the optical properties are comparable to those of glass, it is biochemically inert, unbreakable, flexible and has a high surface tension, convenient for seeding cells on the cover slip. However, here we show that when imaging with two-photon microscopy, which is based on a femtosecond pulsed laser source, local damage of the Aclar substrate occurs, starting at an average intensity of 10(5) W cm(-2) at the focal point and for exposure times insufficient to cause cell damage. This leads to the appearance of gas bubbles on cultures plated on Aclar cover slips, which perturb the imaging. By contrast, this phenomenon does not occur on borosilicate cover slips, probably because of their different physical (thermal conductivity, absorbance, melting point) and material homogeneity properties. Thus, for cell culture applications using pulsed lasers with high intensities, the use of glass is preferable to Aclar. The results also reveal that substrates can be more susceptible to thermal damage than the cells themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Thibaud
- Division de neurobiologie cellulaire, Centre de Recherche Université Laval Robert-Giffard, Québec, Canada
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17
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Liu W, Théberge F, Arévalo E, Gravel JF, Becker A, Chin SL. Experiment and simulations on the energy reservoir effect in femtosecond light filaments. Opt Lett 2005; 30:2602-4. [PMID: 16208913 DOI: 10.1364/ol.30.002602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We report the results of an experiment and numerical simulations that demonstrate the large spatial extent and the effect of the so-called energy reservoir during the filamentation of femtosecond laser pulses in air. By inserting pinholes of different sizes in the filament path we observe different stages of development ranging from the termination of the filament, through its partial survival, to undisturbed propagation. A background containing up to 50% of the pulse energy is found to be necessary to maintain the filament formation, including a first refocusing.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Liu
- Centre d'Optique, Photonique et Laser and Département de Physique, de Génie Physique et d'Optique, Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1K 7P4, Canada.
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Saliminia A, Chin SL, Vallée R. Ultra-broad and coherent white light generation in silica glass by focused femtosecond pulses at 1.5 um. Opt Express 2005; 13:5731-5738. [PMID: 19498575 DOI: 10.1364/opex.13.005731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report on the observation of efficient and ultra-broadband white light supercontinuum generated by focusing femtosecond pulses from an optical parametric amplifier at 1.5 microm in silica glass. The characteristic white light spectrum is extending from 400 nm up to at least 1750 nm. At sufficiently high input powers stable white light patterns associated with the interference of spatially coherent filamentary sources were observed and analyzed. Unlike focusing with 800 nm pulses from a Ti-sapphire laser, the stable fringes formed for each spectral component were pronounced owing to significantly reduced destructive impact of optical breakdown on filamentation of femtosecond pulses at 1.5 microm. By taking advantage of this property, the formation of optical waveguides in silica glass with considerably broader range of writing parameters as compared to those fabricated with 800 nm pulses, was demonstrated.
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Abstract
A femtosecond laser-induced clean fluorescence technique was explored as a means to monitor halogenated alkanes in the atmosphere. Characteristic difluorocarbene radical (CF2) fluorescence in the UV-vis can be generated inside a femtosecond laser-induced filament for different halocarbons. We show that, due to different dissociation and excitation kinetics leading to fluorescence emission, it is possible to temporally resolve the characteristic fluorescence of CF2-containing halocarbons from that of background species, therefore enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio. Laboratory-scale experiments demonstrate the potential use of femtosecond laser-induced clean fluorescence for the remote sensing of halocarbons in the atmosphere. The combination of this detection strategy with LIDAR could allow the long-range monitoring of several atmospheric species with a single laser source, eventually leading to a better understanding of chemical and dynamic processes affecting global warming, ozone loss, tropospheric pollution, and weather prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-F Gravel
- Department of Physics, Physical Engineering and Optics and Centre d'Optique, Photonique et Laser (COPL), Université Laval, Québec (QC), Canada G1K 7P4
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Nguyen NT, Saliminia A, Liu W, Chin SL, Vallée R. Optical breakdown versus filamentation in fused silica by use of femtosecond infrared laser pulses. Opt Lett 2003; 28:1591-1593. [PMID: 12956389 DOI: 10.1364/ol.28.001591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The competition between optical breakdown (OB) and laser-pulse filamentation (FL) in bulk fused silica is investigated by using a 1-kHz femtosecond infrared laser. We measure input powers corresponding to the threshold of OB and FL in terms of external focusing conditions. The results demonstrate that OB precedes FL for tight focusing, whereas for sufficiently long focal lengths FL takes places at a lower power than OB does.
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Affiliation(s)
- N T Nguyen
- Centre d'Optique, Photonique et Laser, Department of Physics, Université Laval, Québec, Canada, G1K 7P4
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21
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Aközbek N, Iwasaki A, Becker A, Scalora M, Chin SL, Bowden CM. Third-harmonic generation and self-channeling in air using high-power femtosecond laser pulses. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 89:143901. [PMID: 12366048 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.143901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2002] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
It is shown, both theoretically and experimentally, that during laser pulse filamentation in air an intense ultrashort third-harmonic pulse is generated forming a two-colored filament. The third-harmonic pulse maintains both its peak intensity and energy over distances much longer than the characteristic coherence length. We argue that this is due to a nonlinear phase-locking mechanism between the two pulses in the filament and is independent of the initial material wave-vector mismatch. A rich spatiotemporal propagation dynamics of the third-harmonic pulse is predicted. Potential applications of this phenomenon to other parametric processes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Aközbek
- Time Domain Corporation, 7057 Old Madison Pike, Huntsville, Alabama 35806, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dwarakanathan
- Departments of Renal Medicine and Radiology, Ripas Hospital, Darussalam, Negara, Brunei Darussalam
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Akozbek N, Bowden CM, Talebpour A, Chin SL. Femtosecond pulse propagation in air: variational analysis. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 2000; 61:4540-4549. [PMID: 11088254 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.61.4540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/1999] [Revised: 11/22/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We use a variational method to study the phenomenon of intense femtosecond pulse propagation in air. This method allows us to obtain a semianalytical solution to the problem in which a wide range of initial conditions can be studied. In addition, it provides a simple physical interpertation, where the problem is reduced to an analogous problem of a particle moving in a potential well. Different types of possible solutions are considered, with focus upon the main physical interpretations. The results recapture at least qualitatively some of the major experimental observations, and previous numerical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Akozbek
- U.S Army Aviation and Missile Command, Weapons Sciences Directorate, Missile Research Development and Engineering Center, Redstone Arsenal, Huntsville, Alabama 35898-5000, USA
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Chin SL, Feldmann D, Krautwald J, Welge KH. Three-photon ionisation spectra of strontium in the excitation range 5560-5640 AA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3700/14/14/008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Chin SL, Yergeau F, Lavigne P. Tunnel ionisation of Xe in an ultra-intense CO2laser field (1014W cm-2) with multiple charge creation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3700/18/8/001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Kosareva OG, Kandidov VP, Brodeur A, Chien CY, Chin SL. Conical emission from laser plasma interactions in the filamentation of powerful ultrashort laser pulses in air. Opt Lett 1997; 22:1332-1334. [PMID: 18188230 DOI: 10.1364/ol.22.001332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We performed detailed experimental and numerical investigations of the conical emission (CE) accompanying the filamentation of powerful ultrashort laser pulses in air. It was found that the CE originates from self-phase modulation in the plasma produced by the pulse during propagation. The experiment and the simulation agree on the essential features of the CE: The CE angle decreases with increasing wavelength and is independent of the position along the filament, and there is no CE at Stokes-shifted wavelengths.
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Brodeur A, Chien CY, Ilkov FA, Chin SL, Kosareva OG, Kandidov VP. Moving focus in the propagation of ultrashort laser pulses in air. Opt Lett 1997; 22:304-306. [PMID: 18183183 DOI: 10.1364/ol.22.000304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The long light filaments generated in air by powerful ultrashort laser pulses, previously attributed to self-channeling, were investigated by use of gigawatt pulses from a Ti:sapphire chirped-pulse-amplification laser system. A filament contained only a small fraction of the pulse energy and always ended at the diffraction length of the beam (~100 m), independently of the pulse energy. These features are explained by the moving-focus model, which is presented as an alternative to the self-channeling model. Computer simulations involving ionization of the air also support the moving-focus model.
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Chin SL, Lagacé S. Generation of H(2), O(2), and H(2)O(2) from water by the use of intense femtosecond laser pulses and the possibility of laser sterilization. Appl Opt 1996; 35:907-911. [PMID: 21069087 DOI: 10.1364/ao.35.000907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
An intense femtosecond Ti-sapphire laser pulse was focused into water, leading to self-focusing. Apart from generating a white light (supercontinuum), the intense laser field in the self-focusing regions of the laser pulse dissociated the water molecules, giving rise to hydrogen and oxygen gas as well as hydrogen peroxide. Our analysis shows that the formation of free radicals O, H, and OH preceded the formation of the stable products of H(2), O(2), and H(2)O(2). Because O radicals and H(2)O(2) are strong oxydizing agents, one can take advantage of this phenomenon to design a laser scheme for sterilization in medical and biological applications.
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Chin SL, Estilo C. Dentistry: changing with the ages. Penn Dent J (Phila) 1996; 95:10. [PMID: 15485184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
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Augst S, Talebpour A, Chin SL, Beaudoin Y, Chaker M. Nonsequential triple ionization of argon atoms in a high-intensity laser field. Phys Rev A 1995; 52:R917-R919. [PMID: 9912436 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.52.r917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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35
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Ilkov FA, Walsh TD, Turgeon S, Chin SL. Dissociative tunnel ionization of H2 in an intense mid-ir laser field. Phys Rev A 1995; 51:R2695-R2698. [PMID: 9911998 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.51.r2695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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36
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François V, Lagacé S, Guan X, Chin SL. Operational stabilization of a high-power ultrashort dye oscillator-amplifiers laser chain. Appl Opt 1994; 33:5522-5525. [PMID: 20935947 DOI: 10.1364/ao.33.005522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Stable operation of a high-power ultrashort dye laser chain is achieved with an inexpensive heating technique. The femtosecond oscillator and its pumping laser are separately covered with boxes to isolate them from external temperature fluctuations. Both laser-isolating boxes are lined with a heating pellicle that permanently and uniformly warms the lasers to preset operating temperatures. The power, spectrum, and duration of the laser-chain output pulse remain constant from day to day. This technique could be applied to other ultrafast laser devices that require long-term performance stability.
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Abstract
Threshold powers for optical breakdown (OB) and supercontinuum (SC) generation in high-pressure CO(2) gas have been measured at different focusing conditions. It has been found that by varying the focal length of the focusing lens, it is possible to pass from the case of OB without SC generation, through OB with SC generation, and into SC without OB. The experimental results demonstrate that plasma formation is not an essential mechanism for SC generation, whereas self-focusing causes SC generation characteristics to be dependent on conditions of external focusing.
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Chin SL, François V, Watson JM, Delisle C. Spectral modulation of two coherently separated femtosecond laser pulses. Appl Opt 1992; 31:3383-3384. [PMID: 20725294 DOI: 10.1364/ao.31.003383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A train of 150-fs 76-MHz pulses is directed into a Michelson interferometer with a path difference larger than the pulse spatial length. A modulated spectrum with a modulation frequency that increases with the path difference is observed. The consequence is discussed.
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Abstract
The determination of a high-power CO(2) laser beam spot size is described. The method consists of measuring burn pattern radii in holographic emulsion as a function of laser pulse energy.
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Decker JE, Lagace S, Berube J, Beaudoin Y, Chin SL. Stable operation of a powerful 3-Hz line tunable TEA CO(2) oscillator-amplifiers system. Appl Opt 1991; 30:1888-1890. [PMID: 20700154 DOI: 10.1364/ao.30.001888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We communicate results of the stable operation of a TEA CO(2) oscillator-amplifiers system, producing pulses of 10(14) W/cm(2) at best focus, furnished with a simple provision for retropulse isolation.
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Beaudoin Y, Chin SL. Absorption coefficient measurement without interference from the nonlinear index effect. Appl Opt 1990; 29:4431-4433. [PMID: 20577404 DOI: 10.1364/ao.29.004431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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Augst S, Strickland D, Meyerhofer DD, Chin SL, Eberly JH. Tunneling ionization of noble gases in a high-intensity laser field. Phys Rev Lett 1989; 63:2212-2215. [PMID: 10040829 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.63.2212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Chin SL, Rolland C, Corkum PB, Kelly P. Multiphoton ionization of Xe and Kr with intense 0.62- microm femtosecond pulses. Phys Rev Lett 1988; 61:153-156. [PMID: 10039046 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.61.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Abstract
The nonlinear refractive index n(2) of CS(2) at 10.6 microm, the value of which is a subject of a recent controversy, is measured by an external self-focusing method. We found that n(2) = (2.1 +/- 0.7) x 10(-11) esu, similar to the accepted value of n(2) in the visible. Self-bending of spatially asymmetric CO(2) laser beam in CS(2) due to an ultrafast Kerr effect is observed, and the deduced value of n(2) is in agreement with our results.
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Galarneau P, Niu ZY, Yergeau F, Chin SL, Evans DK, McAlpine RD. Simultaneous nonlinear absorption and index effects in the propagation of intense TEA CO2 laser pulses through CDF3. Appl Opt 1985; 24:2804-2808. [PMID: 18223958 DOI: 10.1364/ao.24.002804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the beam profile of the CO2 laser 10R(26) line, caused by transmission through, and absorption by, CDF3 were studied using an array of pyroelectric detectors. During the propagation of the laser beam through CDF3, nonlinear absorption and self-defocusing of the beam have both been determined from measurements of the effect on the exit beam of fluence, radiant energy, CDF3 pressure, transmission cell length, and distance from the exit of the cell to the detector array.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Galarneau
- Université Laval, Département de Physique LROL, Quebec, PQ, G1K 7P4
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Gagné MC, Galarneau P, Evans DK, Chin SL. Collinear alignment of different laser beams using the photoacoustic deflection technique. Appl Opt 1985; 24:165227. [PMID: 20440364 DOI: 10.1364/ao.24.1724_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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47
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Ma XX, Xu GY, Galarneau P, Chin SL. Spatial effect in a multiple IR photon decomposition experiment using a Gaussian laser beam. Appl Opt 1983; 22:2007. [PMID: 18196071 DOI: 10.1364/ao.22.002007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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Chin SL, Evans DK, McAlpine RD. Possible source of anomalous results in IR laser photochemistry. Appl Opt 1983; 22:963-964. [PMID: 20401154 DOI: 10.1364/ao.22.000963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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49
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Chin SL, Evans DK, McAlpine RD, Selander WN. Single-pulse photoacoustic technique for measuring IR multiphoton absorption by polyatomic molecules. Appl Opt 1982; 21:65-68. [PMID: 20372401 DOI: 10.1364/ao.21.000065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The single-pulse photoacoustic technique was used to measure cross sections for IR multiphoton absorption. A discussion of this technique and the applicable pressure range is given. The source of the signals from the microphone was identified. The first peak is proportional to the energy absorbed by the gas in the focal region, while the subsequently arriving signals correspond to a mixture of the signal from the entrance and exit volumes and the ringings of the microphone and the gas cell.
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Abstract
We point out the importance of intensity-dependent refractive-index effects when measuring transmission or absorption characteristics of gases with high-power TEA CO(2) laser pulses. An example is given showing how self-focusing in low-pressure SF(6) gas severely affected the transmission of a Gaussian beam. This effect increased rapidly with pressure but remained unchanged when the TEA CO(2) fluence varied from 0.3 to 1.0 J/cm(2).
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