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Cho SY, Kim Z, Chung DR, Cho BH, Chung MJ, Kim JH, Jeong J. Development of machine learning models for the surveillance of colon surgical site infections. J Hosp Infect 2024; 146:224-231. [PMID: 37094715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2023.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional surgical site infection (SSI) surveillance is labour-intensive. We aimed to develop machine learning (ML) models for the surveillance of SSIs for colon surgery and to assess whether the ML could improve surveillance process efficiency. METHODS This study included cases who underwent colon surgery at a tertiary center between 2013 and 2014. Logistic regression and four ML algorithms including random forest (RF), gradient boosting (GB), and neural networks (NNs) with or without recursive feature elimination (RFE) were first trained on the entire cohort, and then re-trained on cases selected based on a previous rule-based algorithm. We assessed model performance based on the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and positive predictive value (PPV). The estimated proportion of reduction in workload for chart review based on the ML models was evaluated and compared with the conventional method. RESULTS At a sensitivity of 95%, the NN with RFE using 29 variables had the best performance with an AUC of 0.963 and PPV of 21.1%. When combining both the rule-based algorithm and ML algorithms, the NN with RFE using 19 variables had a higher PPV (28.9%) than with the ML algorithm alone, which could decrease the number of cases requiring chart review by 83.9% compared with the conventional method. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that ML can improve the efficiency of SSI surveillance for colon surgery by decreasing the burden of chart review while providing high sensitivity. In particular, the hybrid approach of ML with a rule-based algorithm showed the best performance in terms of PPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Cho
- Center for Infection Prevention and Control, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Z Kim
- Medical AI Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Data Convergence and Future Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D R Chung
- Center for Infection Prevention and Control, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - B H Cho
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Institute of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - M J Chung
- Medical AI Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Data Convergence and Future Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Jeong
- Center for Infection Prevention and Control, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim JY, Hyun DY, Nam D, Shin HJ, Jung J, Cho SY, Jung K, Hwang D, Lee SW, Kim JY. Proteogenomic Analysis of Human Uterine Cervical Cancer (UCC) Reveals Treatment-Resistant Subtypes of UCC. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:S22. [PMID: 37784455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Locally advanced uterine cervical cancer (UCC) is treated by radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy, but heterogenous treatment responses are frequently observed. To better optimize therapeutic options based on molecular signatures, we performed proteogenomic analysis of UCC. MATERIALS/METHODS UCC tissue and blood samples were collected from patients who underwent primary radiotherapy ± chemotherapy at the National Cancer Center (NCC) in Korea from July 2004 to March 2020. Most samples were obtained via biopsy. Genomic DNA for WES was isolated from frozen biopsy tumor tissues and peripheral blood buffy-coat of patients. Both global proteome and phosphoproteome were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Whole exome sequencing, RNA sequencing, global proteomics and phosphoproteomics were performed using 253, 337, and 147 cervical cancer samples, respectively. Patient-derived xenograft were established using intratongue implantation using 2 primary cell lines from sub3 and sub5, and flow cytometric analysis was performed. RESULTS Fourteen significantly mutated genes (SMG) were found in our study cohort which include 5 newly identified SMGs. Mutation-phosphorylation analysis revealed association with apoptosis and actin cytoskeleton pathway. Proteogenomic analysis defined 6 molecular subtypes of UCC. Of those, 3 subtypes (i.e., Sub3, Sub5 and Sub6) were associated with treatment-resistant phenotypes. The cell-type deconvolution analysis suggested activated stroma with activation of cancer-associated fibroblast in Sub 3, while Sub5 showed low levels of activated stroma and high levels of myeloid immune cells. FACS analysis of UCC mouse models established from these 2 radio-resistant primary cell lines showed high component of PDGFRA+CAF infiltration in Sub 3, and high level of PVR+CD45+ immune cells mainly composed of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSC) in Sub5. For Sub6, genes and/or protein signatures represented mucin-related processes (e.g., mucin glycosylation/sugar metabolism), which are linked to metastasis-associated Tn antigen production. CONCLUSION The proteogenomic analysis thus suggests potential targets for radiotherapy-resistant subtypes of UCC; secretory factors from activated stroma and cancer-associated fibroblast (Sub3); RHOA signaling, PVR, and PMN-MDSCs (Sub5), and keratin/chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan and Tn antigen production (Sub6). Our study shows the importance of proteogenomic analysis in unveiling the subtype specific molecular pathways of UCC that are beyond reach by genomic data alone. The validity of our molecular pathway and cellular signatures linking these pathways should be further validated through detailed functional experiments and in larger UCC cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Kim
- National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - D Y Hyun
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - D Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Proteogenome Research, Korea University, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - H J Shin
- Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Korea, Goyang, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - J Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - S Y Cho
- Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Korea, Goyang-si, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - K Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - D Hwang
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - S W Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Proteogenome Research, Korea University, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - J Y Kim
- Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Korea, Goyang-si, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
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Hoppe BS, Castellino S, Pei Q, Charpentier AM, Keller F, Vega RM, Roberts KB, Parikh RR, Punnett A, Parsons S, McCarten KM, Flampouri S, Kessel S, Wu Y, Cho SY, Kelly KM, Hodgson D. Radiotherapy Utilization and Outcomes on a Contemporary Trial for Pediatric High-Risk Hodgkin Lymphoma Study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:S62-S63. [PMID: 37784541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Contemporary trials in pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) evaluate strategies to reduce radiotherapy (RT) utilization while maintaining excellent progression-free survival (PFS). An alternative strategy is to irradiate selective sites at higher risk of relapse, and/or use proton therapy (PT) to minimize exposure to healthy tissue. We investigated the use of PT and photon therapy (XRT) and associated early outcomes among patients receiving involved site RT (ISRT) to high-risk sites on the Children's Oncology Group (COG) trial AHOD1331 (NCT021664643). MATERIALS/METHODS This multicenter randomized, open-label phase 3 study enrolled patients 2-21 years (yrs) with previously untreated cHL: stages IIB + bulk, IIIB, IVA, IVB. Patients were randomized to 5 cycles of either ABVE-PC (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vincristine, etoposide, prednisone, cyclophosphamide) or the brentuximab vedotin (BV) containing regimen BV-AVE-PC given every 21 days. ISRT to 21 Gy was given to bulky mediastinal adenopathy and slow responding lesions (SRL) defined by 5-point score 4 or 5 on PET-CT after 2 cycles. ISRT could be delivered as 3D conformal XRT (3D), intensity modulated XRT (IMRT), or proton therapy (PT). Utilization of RT was compared by mode and by study enrollment midpoint among irradiated patients. Severe acute toxicity assessment included any incident grade 3 or higher toxicity during the ISRT period, except for neuropathy. RESULTS Among 587 eligible patients who were enrolled across 153 institutions between March 2015 and August 2019 with a median follow up of 43.1 months, the 3-yr PFS was 82.5% (90% CI, 78.3%-85.9%) with ABVE-PC and 92.5% (90% CI 89.5%-94.6%) with BV-AVE-PC (p = 0.0002). There was no difference in ISRT receipt or modality by study arm (p = 0.33). Among those who received RT 69.7% received it due to bulky mediastinal adenopathy, 6.6% due to SRL, and 23.7% for both. Overall, 317 (54.0%) patients received protocol RT of which 28.7% received 3D, 44.8% received IMRT, and 26.5% received PT. PT utilization increased over the course of the study from 21.5% among the first 50% of irradiated patients to 31.5% in the second half of irradiated patients (p = 0.045). The 3-yr progression-free survival rates overall by RT were comparable: PT (88.0%, 90% CI 80.6% - 92.7%%); XRT (87.1%, 90% CI 82.9%-90.4%) (p = 0.85). No difference in PFS was observed between 3D versus IMRT (p = 0.65). No differences were observed in severe acute toxicities (8.33% vs. 8.15%, p = 0.96) between PT and XRT. CONCLUSION Selective use of RT results in excellent outcomes for pediatric patients with high-risk HL and combination chemotherapy inclusive of the novel agent BV. Over the course of the study, PT utilization increased as an RT modality. Early results suggest that PT does not compromise disease control and has similar acute toxicity as XRT. Long term follow-up (>10 years) is needed to evaluate for secondary malignancies and cardiac toxicity among the different RT modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Hoppe
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | | | - Q Pei
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - A M Charpentier
- Centre hospitalier de l'Universite de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - F Keller
- Children Hospital of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA
| | | | | | - R R Parikh
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Department of Radiation Oncology, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - A Punnett
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - S Flampouri
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - S Kessel
- Imaging and Radiation Oncology Core, Lincoln, RI
| | - Y Wu
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - S Y Cho
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics, Madison, WI
| | - K M Kelly
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - D Hodgson
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Campbell G, Wells S, Huang W, Cooley GM, Jarrard D, Kyriakopoulos C, Cho SY, Lang J, Floberg JM. Disease and Toxicity Outcomes after Salvage Radiotherapy (SRT) for Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer (PC) for Patients Enrolled in a Phase II, Open Label Trial Investigating Neoadjuvant Chemohormonal Therapy Followed by Radical Prostatectomy (RP). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e369. [PMID: 37785259 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.2466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Men with metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer have improved progression free and overall survival (PFS/OS) when treated with docetaxel and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Our institution conducted a phase II trial (UW17009) investigating the addition of three cycles of neoadjuvant docetaxel and ADT to RP in men with high-risk prostate cancer. Here we report toxicity and freedom from biochemical recurrence (FFBCR) for patients treated with SRT following participation in this trial. MATERIALS/METHODS Between January 17, 2018 and August 10, 2021, 28 patients enrolled on UW17009. Patients who had a recurrence and received SRT were identified. Toxicity was assessed using modified LENT (Late Effects of Normal Tissues)/RTOG (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group) criteria, and time to recurrence following SRT was determined for each patient. Additionally, the months of ADT received by each patient was recorded. FFBCR was then determined for this cohort using the method of Kaplan and Meier. RESULTS Of 28 patients enrolled on UW17009, 20 (71%) had BCR after RP. Of these, 19 received SRT, representing 68% of the patients enrolled on the trial. The rates of acute grade 1 and grade 2 GU toxicity with SRT were 37% (7) and 53% (10), respectively. The rates of acute grade 1 and grade 2 GI toxicity with SRT were 32% (6) and 37% (7), respectively. On patient experienced a grade 4 genitourinary toxicity during SRT. There were no acute grade 3 or grade 5 toxicities. The rates of late grade 1 and grade 2 GU toxicity were 16% (3) and 11% (2), respectively. The rates of late grade 1 and grade 2 GI toxicity were 11% (2) and 5% (1), respectively. There was 1 (5%) late grade 3 GU toxicity. There were no late grade 3-5 GI toxicities, or late grade 4-5 GU toxicities. The average duration of ADT after prostatectomy was 15 months (range: 0-37 months). According to the method of Kaplan and Meier, mean FFBCR after SRT was 34.0 months at a median of 37.8 months. Median FFBCR had not yet been reached. At the time of analysis, 13 patients remained free from biochemical recurrence after SRT. CONCLUSION Rates of biochemical recurrence and SRT following neoadjuvant docetaxel and ADT and then RP were consistent with historical data, as was the rate of successful SRT. Toxicities were also consistent with historical data, though there was notably one acute grade 4 GU toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Campbell
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - S Wells
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin Hospitals & Clinics, Madison, WI
| | - W Huang
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - G M Cooley
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI
| | - D Jarrard
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics, Madison, WI
| | - C Kyriakopoulos
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI
| | - S Y Cho
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics, Madison, WI
| | - J Lang
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - J M Floberg
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
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Lee JJ, Kang HY, Lee WI, Cho SY, Kim YJ, Lee HJ. Efflux pump gene expression study using RNA-seq in multidrug-resistant TB. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2021; 25:974-981. [PMID: 34886926 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.21.0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The mechanism underlying kanamycin (KM) resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is not well understood, although efflux pump proteins are thought to play a role. This study used RNA-seq data to investigate changes in the expression levels of efflux pump genes following exposure to KM.METHODS: RNA expression of efflux pump and regulatory genes following exposure to different concentrations of KM (minimum inhibitory concentration MIC 25 and MIC50) in rrs wild-type strain and rrs A1401G mutated strain were compared with the control group.RESULTS: The selected strains had differential RNA expression patterns. Among the 71 putative efflux pump and regulatory genes, 46 had significant fold changes, and 12 genes (Rv0842, Rv1146, Rv1258c, Rv1473, Rv1686c, Rv1687c, Rv1877, Rv2038c, Rv3065, Rv3197a, Rv3728 and Rv3789) that were overexpressed following exposure to KM were thought to contribute to drug resistance. Rv3197A (whiB7) showed a distinct fold change based on the concentration of KM.CONCLUSION: The significant changes in the expression of the efflux pump and regulatory genes following exposure to KM may provide insights into the identification of a new resistance mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H Y Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - W-I Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Y Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y J Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H J Lee
- Korean National Tuberculosis Association, Seoul, Korea
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Yang S, Morgan SP, Cho SY, Correia R, Wen L, Zhang Y. Non-invasive cuff-less blood pressure machine learning algorithm using photoplethysmography and prior physiological data. Blood Press Monit 2021; 26:312-320. [PMID: 33741776 DOI: 10.1097/mbp.0000000000000534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Conventional blood pressure (BP) measurement methods have a number of drawbacks such as being invasive, cuff-based or requiring manual operation. Many studies are focussed on emerging methods of noninvasive, cuff-less and continuous BP measurement, and using only photoplethysmography to estimate BP has become popular. Although it is well known that physiological characteristics of the subject are important in BP estimation, this has not been widely explored. This article presents a novel method which adopts photoplethysmography and prior knowledge of a subject's physiological features to estimate DBP and SBP. Features extracted from a fingertip photoplethysmography signal and prior knowledge of a subject's physiological characteristics, such as gender, age, height, weight and BMI is used to estimate BP using three different machine learning models: artificial neural networks, support vector machine and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression. The accuracy of BP estimation obtained when prior knowledge of the physiological characteristics are incorporated into the model is superior to those which do not take the physiological characteristics into consideration. In this study, the best performing algorithm is an artificial neural network which obtains a mean absolute error and SD of 4.74 ± 5.55 mm Hg for DBP and 9.18 ± 12.57 mm Hg for SBP compared to 6.61 ± 8.04 mm Hg for DBP and 11.12 ± 14.20 mm Hg for SBP without prior knowledge. The inclusion of prior knowledge of the physiological characteristics can improve the accuracy of BP estimation using machine learning methods, and the incorporation of more physiological characteristics enhances the accuracy of the BP estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yang
- International Doctoral Innovation Centre
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China
| | - Stephen P Morgan
- Optics and Photonics Research Group, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Ricardo Correia
- Optics and Photonics Research Group, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Long Wen
- School of Economics, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China
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Romano C, Cho SY, Marino S, Raucci U, Fiumara A, Falsaperla R, Massimino CR, Taibi R, Greco F, Venti V, Sullo F, Fontana A, Rizzo R, Pustorino E, Jin DK, Pavone P. Primary headache in childhood associated with psychiatric disturbances: an update. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020; 24:6893-6898. [PMID: 32633382 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202006_21680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Primary headache disorders in children are one of the most prominent topics in the pediatric neurology literature. However, there are many unsolved aspects, including the conditions associated with migraine. The present study aims to report on the frequency of behavioral comorbidities in the setting of primary headache in childhood. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this study, we enlisted 475 children (290 males and 185 females; ratio 1.6:1), aged 4 to 14 years, who were affected by primary headache. In direct interviews, children and parents gave information on the association of their headache with, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, learning disabilities, tics, anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Other 475 children with no history of headache or recognized neurological conditions were matched for age, sex, race, and socioeconomic status and were used as controls. RESULTS A significant association of primary headache was found with anxiety and depression (p-value <0.001); overall, behavioral disorders were more common in children who experienced headache than in controls (p-value <0.001). CONCLUSIONS Primary headache in children is not associated with most of the common behavioral conditions. On the contrary, there was a significant association with anxiety and depression, as reported in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Romano
- Department Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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Kan Z, Lal S, Ding Y, Lee JE, Lee SH, Lee SK, Yu JH, Choi YL, Kim SW, Nam SJ, Kim JY, Ram S, Powell E, Ching K, Cho SY, Bonato V, Deng S, Park WY, Rejto P, Bienkowska J, Park YH. Abstract PD5-08: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy alters the genomic landscape and immune microenvironment of breast cancers. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-pd5-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Understanding how standard-of-care drug treatments affect tumor intrinsic biology and microenvironment is critical for elucidating drug resistance mechanisms and developing better combination therapies as well as new therapies. To characterize the effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) on the genome, transcriptome and tumor infiltrating leukocytes (TILs), we have conducted whole exome and whole transcriptome sequencing of a large longitudinal breast cancer cohort consisting of 146 cases and 281 paired tumor samples. In total, 52 (38%) patients achieved pathologic complete response (pCR) while 85 patients (62%) had residual disease with standard chemotherapy regimen. Tumor biopsies were collected for each patient at three time points – pre-treatment, three weeks after the first cycle of anthracycline and cyclophosphamide (AC) and at the time of surgery after 3 more cycles of AC followed by 4 cycles of taxane or taxane plus Herceptin in case of HER2+ subtype. We detected 5,955 protein-altering somatic mutations affecting 4,414 genes in pretreatment samples and 502 acquired mutations in surgery samples affecting 477 genes including 19recurrently mutated genes such as TP53 and NOTCH1. Across all subtypes, 4,346 genes were differentially expressed (DE) following NAC treatment and significantly enriched in pathways such as cell cycle, ER signaling, PI3K/mTOR, immune and metabolism. Expression-based virtual microdissection analysis indicated that NAC treatment induced an increase in the fractions of stromal and adjacent normal tissue compartment, consistent with observed reduction in tumor cellularity. To assess the NAC induced changes in the molecular landscape of these tumors, we compared molecular features including gene expression signatures, mutation prevalence and copy number alteration between three time points while adjusting for confounding effects of molecular subtype and tumor cellularity. We found that NAC induced dynamic changes in gene expression signatures associated with proliferation and immunomodulatory treatment response. We further validated the observed pattern of change in TILs through histopathology and digital imaging analyses. In pretreatment tumors, 116 genes were DE between patients with pCR vs. those with residual disease with significant enrichment in immune/inflammatory pathways. Further, pre-treatment TIL levels were found to be significantly associated with pCR, echoing previous reports in breast cancers that implicated anti-tumor immunity in mediating the efficacy of chemotherapies. Our analyses also revealed associations between NAC response and baseline genomic attributes such as genomic alterations that affect DNA damage repair pathways. Taken together, these results suggest that NAC induced a multitude of changes on the genomic landscape and immune microenvironment of breast cancers, some of which point to combination strategies with immunomodulatory therapies and therapies that target DNA damage repair.
Citation Format: Kan Z, Lal S, Ding Y, Lee JE, Lee S-H, Lee SK, Yu JH, Choi Y-l, Kim SW, Nam SJ, Kim J-Y, Ram S, Powell E, Ching K, Cho SY, Bonato V, Deng S, Park W-Y, Rejto P, Bienkowska J, Park Y-H. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy alters the genomic landscape and immune microenvironment of breast cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PD5-08.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Kan
- Pfizer, San Diego, CA; Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Lal
- Pfizer, San Diego, CA; Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y Ding
- Pfizer, San Diego, CA; Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - JE Lee
- Pfizer, San Diego, CA; Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - S-H Lee
- Pfizer, San Diego, CA; Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - SK Lee
- Pfizer, San Diego, CA; Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - JH Yu
- Pfizer, San Diego, CA; Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y-l Choi
- Pfizer, San Diego, CA; Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - SW Kim
- Pfizer, San Diego, CA; Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - SJ Nam
- Pfizer, San Diego, CA; Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - J-Y Kim
- Pfizer, San Diego, CA; Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Ram
- Pfizer, San Diego, CA; Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - E Powell
- Pfizer, San Diego, CA; Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - K Ching
- Pfizer, San Diego, CA; Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - SY Cho
- Pfizer, San Diego, CA; Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - V Bonato
- Pfizer, San Diego, CA; Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Deng
- Pfizer, San Diego, CA; Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - W-Y Park
- Pfizer, San Diego, CA; Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - P Rejto
- Pfizer, San Diego, CA; Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Bienkowska
- Pfizer, San Diego, CA; Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y-H Park
- Pfizer, San Diego, CA; Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Ko JH, Kang CI, Cornejo-Juárez P, Yeh KM, Wang CH, Cho SY, Gözel MG, Kim SH, Hsueh PR, Sekiya N, Matsumura Y, Lee DG, Cho SY, Shiratori S, Kim YJ, Chung DR, Peck KR. Fluoroquinolones versus trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for the treatment of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect 2018; 25:546-554. [PMID: 30448331 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluoroquinolones are a popular alternative to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections. OBJECTIVES To compare the effects of fluoroquinolones and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole on mortality of S. maltophilia infections. DATA SOURCES PubMed and EMBASE. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Clinical studies reporting mortality outcomes of S. maltophilia infections. PARTICIPANTS Patients with clinical infections caused by S. maltophilia. INTERVENTIONS Fluoroquinolone monotherapy in comparison with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole monotherapy. METHODS Systematic review with meta-analysis technique. RESULTS Seven retrospective cohort and seven case-control studies were included. Three cohort studies were designed to compare the two drugs, whereas others had other purposes. A total of 663 patients were identified, 332 of which were treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (50.1%) and 331 with fluoroquinolones (49.9%). Three cohort studies were designed to compare the effect of the two drugs, whereas the others had other purposes. Levofloxacin was most frequently used among fluoroquinolones (187/331, 56.5%), followed by ciprofloxacin (114/331, 34.4%). The overall mortality rate was 29.6%. Using pooled ORs for the mortality of each study, fluoroquinolone treatment (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.39-0.99) was associated with survival benefit over trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole treatment, with low heterogeneity (I2 = 18%). Specific fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.17-1.12) and levofloxacin (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.48-1.26) did not show a significant difference in comparison with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. In the sub-group analyses of adult and bacteraemic patients, significant differences in mortality were not observed between fluoroquinolones and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. CONCLUSIONS Based on a meta-analysis of non-randomized studies, fluoroquinolones demonstrated comparable effects on mortality of S. maltophilia infection to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, supporting the use of fluoroquinolones in clinical S. maltophilia infections. Although the pooled analysis of overall studies favoured fluoroquinolones over trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, the studies included were observational, and sub-group analyses of certain fluoroquinolone agents did not show statistical differences with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Randomized clinical studies are needed to address these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-H Ko
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - C-I Kang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - P Cornejo-Juárez
- Departamento de Infectología, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - K-M Yeh
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defence Medical Centre, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-H Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defence Medical Centre, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S Y Cho
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M G Gözel
- Department of Microbiology Reference Laboratories, Ministry of Health, Public Health, Turkey
| | - S-H Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - P-R Hsueh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - N Sekiya
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Centre Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Matsumura
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - D-G Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, St Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S-Y Cho
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, St Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S Shiratori
- Department of Haematology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Y-J Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D R Chung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K R Peck
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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10
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Li Y, Shen L, Cho SY. A Robust and Fast Framework for Cell Tracking. j med imaging hlth inform 2018. [DOI: 10.1166/jmihi.2018.2391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Kim J, Suh BK, Ko CW, Lee KH, Shin CH, Hwang JS, Kim HS, Chung WY, Kim CJ, Han HS, Kwon NY, Cho SY, Yoo HW, Jin DK. Recombinant growth hormone therapy for prepubertal children with idiopathic short stature in Korea: a phase III randomized trial. J Endocrinol Invest 2018; 41:475-483. [PMID: 29103133 PMCID: PMC5852196 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-017-0786-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Several studies have evaluated the effects of growth hormone (GH) on auxological and biochemical parameters in children with non-GH-deficient, idiopathic short stature (ISS). This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of Growtropin®-II (recombinant human GH) in Korean patients with ISS. METHODS This was a 1-year, open-label, multicenter, phase III randomized trial of Growtropin®-II in Korean patients with ISS. In total, 70 prepubertal subjects (39 males, 31 females) between 4 and 12 years of age were included in the study. All patients were naive to GH treatment. RESULTS Annual height velocity was significantly higher in the treatment group (10.68 ± 1.95 cm/year) than the control group (5.72 ± 1.72, p < 0.001). Increases in height and weight standard deviation scores (SDSs) at 26 weeks were 0.63 ± 0.16 and 0.64 ± 0.46, respectively, for the treatment group, and 0.06 ± 0.15 and 0.06 ± 0.28, respectively, for the control group (p < 0.001). Serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) increased significantly in the treatment group at week 26 compared to baseline. However, the SDS for body mass index (BMI) at 26 weeks did not change significantly in either group. Growtropin®-II was well tolerated and safe over 1 year of treatment. CONCLUSIONS One-year GH treatment for prepubertal children with ISS demonstrated increased annualized velocity, height and weight SDSs, and IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels, with a favorable safety profile. Further evaluations are needed to determine the optimal dose, final adult height, and long-term effects of ISS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - B-K Suh
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C W Ko
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - K-H Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C H Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J S Hwang
- Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - H S Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Onsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - W Y Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - C J Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - H-S Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - N Y Kwon
- Data Management and Clinical Statistics Team, Dong-A ST Co., LTD, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S Y Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.
| | - H-W Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Genetics Clinic and Laboratory, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
| | - D-K Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
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12
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Kan Z, Powell E, Ram S, Ching K, Ding Y, Vizcarra P, Nichols T, Hardwick J, Lee SH, Cho SY, Choi YL, Yu JH, Park YH. Abstract P2-07-01: Integrative analyses of immunophenotypes and multi-omics profiles in breast cancers. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-p2-07-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The advent of immuno-oncology (IO) therapies has made it an imperative to characterize intratumoral immune microenvironment in addition to oncogenic alterations through molecular profiling of the tumor. To elucidate the baseline profiles of tumor infiltrating leukocytes (TILs) in breast cancer (BC) in the context of molecular subtypes and oncogenic alterations, we performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) and RNA-Seq of an Asian BC cohort (SMC) consisting of 178 treatment naïve primary tumors. A subset of 120 tumors was further analyzed by H&E and IHC using a panel of 8 TIL markers (CD45, CD4, CD8, CD163, PD1, PD-L1, IDO1 and FOXP3). Using expression signatures representing distinct immune cell types, we classified an expression compendium of 2,781 tumor samples, including SMC and multiple cancers from TCGA, into three immune subtypes with high, medium and low levels of TILs. Basal and HER2 subtypes show higher levels of TILs than Luminal subtypes, consistent with observed clinical responses to checkpoint blockade in clinical trials. Moreover, Asian BCs were significantly enriched in TIL-high subtype (35.3%) compared to the primarily Caucasian TCGA BC cohort (20.2%) while 50.6% of the highly immunogenic Lung adenocarcinoma was TIL-high. We then applied machine learning methods to detect and quantify TILs from H&E images of 120 SMC and 349 TCGA BC tumors. The expression signature analysis results were concordant with independently derived histology based TIL data. Taken together, our findings suggest that IO therapies may be more effective in HR negative BC subtypes and Asian BCs.
Leukocyte exclusion (LE), an immunophenotype where TILs concentrate at the tumor periphery, has been linked to worse prognosis and resistance to IO therapies. Visual assessment of whole tumor IHC images identified LE patterns in 25% of SMC cases. We observed differential distribution of LE by molecular subtype and evidence for selective exclusion of immune cell subsets. Covariate analyses with clinical and molecular data while controlling for subtype as a confounder identified significant associations with tumor proliferation index, percent tumor purity and TP53 mutations. LE is also significantly associated with expression signatures of chemokine signaling, macrophages, angiogenesis and hypoxia, indicating that marked distinctions exist in both tumor intrinsic and microenvironment characteristics between TIL excluded and TIL infiltrated tumors. To validate these findings, we independently identified LE for 200 cases of TCGA BCs based on patterns of TILs extracted from H&E images and saw significant concordance of covariate relationships identified between TCGA and SMC. Our study provided a rare comprehensive resource for studying tumor associated immunity in breast cancers by generating the integrated multi-omics and IO profiles for a large cohort of primary tumors. Comparative analyses revealed that TIL activities are highly variable across different intrinsic subtypes and geographic origins of BC, with potential implications for IO therapeutic application. Correlative analyses of immunophenotypes with molecular data further yielded insights into LE's role in immune escape and identified hallmark signatures for LE indicative of causal molecular mechanisms.
Citation Format: Kan Z, Powell E, Ram S, Ching K, Ding Y, Vizcarra P, Nichols T, Hardwick J, Lee S-H, Cho SY, Choi Y-L, Yu J-H, Park YH. Integrative analyses of immunophenotypes and multi-omics profiles in breast cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-07-01.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Kan
- Pfizer Oncology Research, San Diego, CA; Pfizer Korea, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - E Powell
- Pfizer Oncology Research, San Diego, CA; Pfizer Korea, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Ram
- Pfizer Oncology Research, San Diego, CA; Pfizer Korea, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - K Ching
- Pfizer Oncology Research, San Diego, CA; Pfizer Korea, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y Ding
- Pfizer Oncology Research, San Diego, CA; Pfizer Korea, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - P Vizcarra
- Pfizer Oncology Research, San Diego, CA; Pfizer Korea, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - T Nichols
- Pfizer Oncology Research, San Diego, CA; Pfizer Korea, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Hardwick
- Pfizer Oncology Research, San Diego, CA; Pfizer Korea, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - S-H Lee
- Pfizer Oncology Research, San Diego, CA; Pfizer Korea, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - SY Cho
- Pfizer Oncology Research, San Diego, CA; Pfizer Korea, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y-L Choi
- Pfizer Oncology Research, San Diego, CA; Pfizer Korea, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - J-H Yu
- Pfizer Oncology Research, San Diego, CA; Pfizer Korea, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - YH Park
- Pfizer Oncology Research, San Diego, CA; Pfizer Korea, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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13
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Kyung DS, Sung HR, Kim YJ, Kim KD, Cho SY, Choi JH, Lee YH, Kim IY, Seong JK. Global transcriptome analysis identifies weight regain-induced activation of adaptive immune responses in white adipose tissue of mice. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 42:755-764. [PMID: 29762555 PMCID: PMC5984075 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Studies have indicated that weight regain following weight loss predisposes obese individuals to metabolic disorders; however, the molecular mechanism of this potential adverse effect of weight regain is not fully understood. Here we investigated global transcriptome changes and the immune response in mouse white adipose tissue caused by weight regain. Design: We established a diet switch protocol to compare the effects of weight regain with those of weight gain without precedent weight loss, weight loss maintenance and chow diet. We conducted a time course analysis of global transcriptome changes in gonadal white adipose tissue (gWAT) during the weight fluctuation. Co-expression network analysis was used to identify functional modules associated with the weigh regain phenotype. Immune cell populations in gWAT were characterized by flow-cytometric immunophenotyping. Metabolic phenotypes were monitored by histological analysis of adipose tissue and liver, and blood-chemistry and body weight/composition analyses. Results: In total, 952 genes were differentially expressed in the gWAT in the weight regain vs the weight gain group. Upregulated genes were associated with immune response and leukocyte activation. Co-expression network analysis showed that genes involved in major histocompatibility complex I and II-mediated antigen presentation and T-cell activation function were upregulated. Consistent with the transcriptome analysis results, flow cytometry demonstrated significant increases in subsets of T cells and proinflammatory M1 macrophages in the gWAT in the weight regain as compared to the weight gain group. In addition, upregulation of adaptive immune responses was associated with high incidence of adipocyte death and upregulation of high mobility group box 1, a well-known component of damage-associated molecular patterns. Conclusions: Our global transcriptome analysis identified weight regain-induced activation of adaptive immune responses in mouse white adipose tissue. Results suggest that activation of adipocyte death-associated adaptive immunity in adipose tissue may contribute to unfavorable metabolic effects of weight regain following weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Kyung
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 Plus Program for Creative Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program for Bioinformatics, Program for Cancer Biology and BIO-MAX institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H R Sung
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 Plus Program for Creative Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y J Kim
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 Plus Program for Creative Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K D Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S Y Cho
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y-H Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - I Y Kim
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 Plus Program for Creative Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J K Seong
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 Plus Program for Creative Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program for Bioinformatics, Program for Cancer Biology and BIO-MAX institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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14
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Ulman V, Maška M, Magnusson KEG, Ronneberger O, Haubold C, Harder N, Matula P, Matula P, Svoboda D, Radojevic M, Smal I, Rohr K, Jaldén J, Blau HM, Dzyubachyk O, Lelieveldt B, Xiao P, Li Y, Cho SY, Dufour AC, Olivo-Marin JC, Reyes-Aldasoro CC, Solis-Lemus JA, Bensch R, Brox T, Stegmaier J, Mikut R, Wolf S, Hamprecht FA, Esteves T, Quelhas P, Demirel Ö, Malmström L, Jug F, Tomancak P, Meijering E, Muñoz-Barrutia A, Kozubek M, Ortiz-de-Solorzano C. An objective comparison of cell-tracking algorithms. Nat Methods 2017; 14:1141-1152. [PMID: 29083403 PMCID: PMC5777536 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.4473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We present a combined report on the results of three editions of the Cell Tracking Challenge, an ongoing initiative aimed at promoting the development and objective evaluation of cell segmentation and tracking algorithms. With 21 participating algorithms and a data repository consisting of 13 data sets from various microscopy modalities, the challenge displays today's state-of-the-art methodology in the field. We analyzed the challenge results using performance measures for segmentation and tracking that rank all participating methods. We also analyzed the performance of all of the algorithms in terms of biological measures and practical usability. Although some methods scored high in all technical aspects, none obtained fully correct solutions. We found that methods that either take prior information into account using learning strategies or analyze cells in a global spatiotemporal video context performed better than other methods under the segmentation and tracking scenarios included in the challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Ulman
- Centre for Biomedical Image Analysis, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Maška
- Centre for Biomedical Image Analysis, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klas E G Magnusson
- ACCESS Linnaeus Centre, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olaf Ronneberger
- Computer Science Department and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies University of Freiburg, Frieburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Haubold
- Heidelberg Collaboratory for Image Processing, IWR, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Harder
- Biomedical Computer Vision Group, Department of Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, BIOQUANT, IPMB, University of Heidelberg and DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pavel Matula
- Centre for Biomedical Image Analysis, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Matula
- Centre for Biomedical Image Analysis, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Svoboda
- Centre for Biomedical Image Analysis, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Radojevic
- Biomedical Imaging Group Rotterdam, Departments of Medical Informatics and Radiology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ihor Smal
- Biomedical Imaging Group Rotterdam, Departments of Medical Informatics and Radiology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Karl Rohr
- Biomedical Computer Vision Group, Department of Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, BIOQUANT, IPMB, University of Heidelberg and DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joakim Jaldén
- ACCESS Linnaeus Centre, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helen M Blau
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Oleh Dzyubachyk
- Division of Image Processing, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Boudewijn Lelieveldt
- Division of Image Processing, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Intelligent Systems Department, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Pengdong Xiao
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*Star, Singapore
| | - Yuexiang Li
- Department of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Siu-Yeung Cho
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Ningbo, China
| | | | | | - Constantino C Reyes-Aldasoro
- Research Centre in Biomedical Engineering, School of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering, City University of London, London, UK
| | - Jose A Solis-Lemus
- Research Centre in Biomedical Engineering, School of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering, City University of London, London, UK
| | - Robert Bensch
- Computer Science Department and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies University of Freiburg, Frieburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Brox
- Computer Science Department and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies University of Freiburg, Frieburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Stegmaier
- Group for Automated Image and Data Analysis, Institute for Applied Computer Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ralf Mikut
- Group for Automated Image and Data Analysis, Institute for Applied Computer Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Steffen Wolf
- Heidelberg Collaboratory for Image Processing, IWR, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fred A Hamprecht
- Heidelberg Collaboratory for Image Processing, IWR, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tiago Esteves
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Facultade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Quelhas
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | - Florian Jug
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Pavel Tomancak
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Erik Meijering
- Biomedical Imaging Group Rotterdam, Departments of Medical Informatics and Radiology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arrate Muñoz-Barrutia
- Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering Department, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Getafe, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michal Kozubek
- Centre for Biomedical Image Analysis, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Carlos Ortiz-de-Solorzano
- CIBERONC, IDISNA and Program of Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Bioengineering Department, TECNUN School of Engineering, University of Navarra, San Sebastián, Spain
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15
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Tan FM, Caballero-Gaudes C, Mullinger KJ, Cho SY, Zhang Y, Dryden IL, Francis ST, Gowland PA. Decoding fMRI events in sensorimotor motor network using sparse paradigm free mapping and activation likelihood estimates. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:5778-5794. [PMID: 28815863 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Most functional MRI (fMRI) studies map task-driven brain activity using a block or event-related paradigm. Sparse paradigm free mapping (SPFM) can detect the onset and spatial distribution of BOLD events in the brain without prior timing information, but relating the detected events to brain function remains a challenge. In this study, we developed a decoding method for SPFM using a coordinate-based meta-analysis method of activation likelihood estimation (ALE). We defined meta-maps of statistically significant ALE values that correspond to types of events and calculated a summation overlap between the normalized meta-maps and SPFM maps. As a proof of concept, this framework was applied to relate SPFM-detected events in the sensorimotor network (SMN) to six motor functions (left/right fingers, left/right toes, swallowing, and eye blinks). We validated the framework using simultaneous electromyography (EMG)-fMRI experiments and motor tasks with short and long duration, and random interstimulus interval. The decoding scores were considerably lower for eye movements relative to other movement types tested. The average successful rate for short and long motor events were 77 ± 13% and 74 ± 16%, respectively, excluding eye movements. We found good agreement between the decoding results and EMG for most events and subjects, with a range in sensitivity between 55% and 100%, excluding eye movements. The proposed method was then used to classify the movement types of spontaneous single-trial events in the SMN during resting state, which produced an average successful rate of 22 ± 12%. Finally, this article discusses methodological implications and improvements to increase the decoding performance. Hum Brain Mapp 38:5778-5794, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca M Tan
- School of Physics and Astronomy and Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.,Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Karen J Mullinger
- School of Physics and Astronomy and Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.,Birmingham University Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Siu-Yeung Cho
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, People's Republic of China
| | - Ian L Dryden
- School of Mathematical Sciences, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Susan T Francis
- School of Physics and Astronomy and Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Penny A Gowland
- School of Physics and Astronomy and Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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Ko JH, Müller MA, Seok H, Park GE, Lee JY, Cho SY, Ha YE, Baek JY, Kim SH, Kang JM, Kim YJ, Jo IJ, Chung CR, Hahn MJ, Drosten C, Kang CI, Chung DR, Song JH, Kang ES, Peck KR. Suggested new breakpoints of anti-MERS-CoV antibody ELISA titers: performance analysis of serologic tests. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 36:2179-2186. [PMID: 28695355 PMCID: PMC7087918 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-017-3043-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
To provide optimal cut-off values of anti-Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) serologic tests, we evaluated performance of ELISA IgG, ELISA IgA, IFA IgM, and IFA IgG using 138 serum samples of 49 MERS-CoV-infected patients and 219 serum samples of 219 rRT-PCR-negative MERS-CoV-exposed healthcare personnel and patients. The performance analysis was conducted for two different purposes: (1) prediction of neutralization activity in MERS-CoV-infected patients, and (2) epidemiologic surveillance of MERS-CoV infections among MERS-CoV-exposed individuals. To evaluate performance according to serum collection time, we used ‘days post onset of illness (dpoi)’ and ‘days post exposure (dpex)’ assessing neutralization activity and infection diagnosis, respectively. Performance of serologic tests improved with delayed sampling time, being maximized after a seroconversion period. In predicting neutralization activity, ELISA IgG tests showed optimal performance using sera collected after 21 dpoi at cut-off values of OD ratio 0.4 (sensitivity 100% and specificity 100%), and ELISA IgA showed optimal performance using sera collected after 14 dpoi at cut-off value of OD ratio 0.2 (sensitivity 85.2% and specificity 100%). In diagnosis of MERS-CoV infection, ELISA IgG exhibited optimal performance using sera collected after 28 dpex, at a cut-off value of OD ratio 0.2 (sensitivity 97.3% and specificity 92.9%). These new breakpoints are markedly lower than previously suggested values (ELISA IgG OD ratio 1.1, sensitivity 34.8% and specificity 100% in the present data set), and the performance data help serologic tests to be practically used in the field of MERS management.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-H Ko
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, Republic of Korea.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - M A Müller
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Helmut-Ruska-Haus Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - H Seok
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | - G E Park
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | - J Y Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | - S Y Cho
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Y E Ha
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | - J Y Baek
- Asia Pacific Foundation for Infectious Diseases (APFID), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Kim
- Asia Pacific Foundation for Infectious Diseases (APFID), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J-M Kang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y-J Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - I J Jo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C R Chung
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M-J Hahn
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 440-746, South Korea
| | - C Drosten
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Helmut-Ruska-Haus Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - C-I Kang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | - D R Chung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, Republic of Korea.,Asia Pacific Foundation for Infectious Diseases (APFID), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J-H Song
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, Republic of Korea.,Asia Pacific Foundation for Infectious Diseases (APFID), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - E-S Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - K R Peck
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, Republic of Korea.
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Park GE, Ko JH, Cho SY, Ha YE, Lee NY, Kang CI, Chung DR, Song JH, Peck KR. Empirical combination of a β-lactam to vancomycin may not improve outcomes of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia, compared to vancomycin monotherapy. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 36:1091-1096. [PMID: 28078559 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-016-2893-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate effect of empirical combination of a β-lactam to vancomycin and vancomycin monotherapy in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (MSSA-B), we conducted a retrospective cohort study. Electronic medical records of individuals who were diagnosed with MSSA-B between January 2005 and February 2015 at a tertiary care center were reviewed. Patients were classified into three groups according to empirical antibiotic regimen (BL group, β-lactam; VAN group, vancomycin; BV group, combination of β-lactam and vancomycin), and 30-day all-cause mortality of each group was compared. During the study period, 561 patients with MSSA-B were identified. After exclusion of 198 patients (36 with poly-microbial infection, 114 expired within 2 days, and 48 already received parenteral antibiotics) and a matching process, 46 patients for each group were included. Baseline characteristics were similar except for severity and comorbidity scores. The 30-day mortality for all three groups were not significantly different (BL 4.3%, VAN 6.5%, BV 8.7%; P = 0.909). In a multivariate analysis, type of empirical antibiotic regimen was not statistically associated with 30-day all-cause mortality. In comparison with the VAN group, the BV group yielded a HR of 0.579 (95% CI = 0.086-3.890, P = 0.574). Pitt bacteremia score was the only significant factor for mortality. The empirical combination of a β-lactam to vancomycin was not associated with lower mortality in treating MSSA-B, compared to vancomycin monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Park
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | - J-H Ko
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | - S Y Cho
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Y E Ha
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | - N Y Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C-I Kang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | - D R Chung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | - J-H Song
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | - K R Peck
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Rowe SP, Gorin MA, Allaf ME, Pienta KJ, Tran PT, Pomper MG, Ross AE, Cho SY. PET imaging of prostate-specific membrane antigen in prostate cancer: current state of the art and future challenges. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2016; 19:223-30. [PMID: 27136743 DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2016.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a cell surface enzyme that is highly expressed in prostate cancer (PCa) and is currently being extensively explored as a promising target for molecular imaging in a variety of clinical contexts. Novel antibody and small-molecule PSMA radiotracers labeled with a variety of radionuclides for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging applications have been developed and explored in recent studies. METHODS A great deal of progress has been made in defining the clinical utility of this class of PET agents through predominantly small and retrospective clinical studies. The most compelling data to date has been in the setting of biochemically recurrent PCa, where PSMA-targeted radiotracers have been found to be superior to conventional imaging and other molecular imaging agents for the detection of locally recurrent and metastatic PCa. RESULTS Early data, however, suggest that initial lymph node staging before definitive therapy in high-risk primary PCa patients may be limited, although intraoperative guidance may still hold promise. Other examples of potential promising applications for PSMA PET imaging include non-invasive characterization of primary PCa, staging and treatment planning for PSMA-targeted radiotherapeutics, and guidance of focal therapy for oligometastatic disease. CONCLUSIONS However, all of these indications and applications for PCa PSMA PET imaging are still lacking and require large, prospective, systematic clinical trials for validation. Such validation trials are needed and hopefully will be forthcoming as the fields of molecular imaging, urology, radiation oncology and medical oncology continue to define and refine the utility of PSMA-targeted PET imaging to improve the management of PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Rowe
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M A Gorin
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M E Allaf
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - K J Pienta
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - P T Tran
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M G Pomper
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A E Ross
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S Y Cho
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health and University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
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19
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Kiess AP, Banerjee SR, Mease RC, Rowe SP, Rao A, Foss CA, Chen Y, Yang X, Cho SY, Nimmagadda S, Pomper MG. Prostate-specific membrane antigen as a target for cancer imaging and therapy. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2015; 59:241-68. [PMID: 26213140 PMCID: PMC4859214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a molecular target whose use has resulted in some of the most productive work toward imaging and treating prostate cancer over the past two decades. A wide variety of imaging agents extending from intact antibodies to low-molecular-weight compounds permeate the literature. In parallel there is a rapidly expanding pool of antibody-drug conjugates, radiopharmaceutical therapeutics, small-molecule drug conjugates, theranostics and nanomedicines targeting PSMA. Such productivity is motivated by the abundant expression of PSMA on the surface of prostate cancer cells and within the neovasculature of other solid tumors, with limited expression in most normal tissues. Animating the field is a variety of small-molecule scaffolds upon which the radionuclides, drugs, MR-detectable species and nanoparticles can be placed with relative ease. Among those, the urea-based agents have been most extensively leveraged, with expanding clinical use for detection and more recently for radiopharmaceutical therapy of prostate cancer, with surprisingly little toxicity. PSMA imaging of other cancers is also appearing in the clinical literature, and may overtake FDG for certain indications. Targeting PSMA may provide a viable alternative or first-line approach to managing prostate and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Kiess
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA -
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20
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the major causes and types of dental luxation and avulsion injuries, and their associated factors in primary school children in Hong Kong. DESIGN Case series. SETTING School dental clinic, New Territories, Hong Kong. PATIENTS The dental records of children with a history of dental luxation and/or avulsion injury between November 2005 and October 2012 were reviewed. Objective clinical and radiographical findings at the time of injury and at follow-up examinations were recorded using a standardised form. Data analysis was carried out using the Chi squared test and multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 220 children with 355 teeth of dental luxation or avulsion injury were recorded. Their age ranged from 6 to 14 years and the female-to-male ratio was 1:1.8. The peak occurrence was at the age of 9 years. Subluxation was the most common type of injury, followed by concussion. Maxillary central incisors were the most commonly affected teeth. The predominant cause was fall and most injuries occurred at school. Incisor relationship was registered in 199 cases: most of them were Class I. Comparison of the incisor relationship in study children and the general Chinese population in another study revealed a higher proportion of Class II and fewer Class III occlusions in the trauma group (P<0.0001). CONCLUSION Most dental luxation and avulsion injuries in Hong Kong primary school children are caused by fall. Boys are more commonly affected than girls, and a Class II incisor relationship is a significant risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Cho
- MacLehose Dental Centre, G/F, 286 Queen's Road East, Wanchai, Hong Kong
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21
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Ko JH, Peck KR, Lee WJ, Lee JY, Cho SY, Ha YE, Kang CI, Chung DR, Jung CW, Kang ES, Song JH. Generic piperacillin/tazobactam is not associated with galactomannan false-positivity in adult patients with cancer: a case-control study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 34:1437-41. [PMID: 25894983 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-015-2370-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent products of piperacillin/tazobactam (PTZ) from the original manufacturer, previously considered a major cause of galactomannan (GM) false-positivity, are reported not to be related to it. However, data regarding generic PTZ are limited and controversial. To evaluate the effect of generic PTZ on GM false-positivity in Korea, we performed a case-control study in adult patients with cancer. A case-control study was designed. Electronic medical records of cancer patients who were admitted and tested for serum GM between March and June 2014 at a tertiary care university hospital were reviewed. During the study period, a single generic PTZ (C manufacturer, Korea) was used. Patients who received PTZ within 24 h prior to serum GM testing were enrolled. Age- and GM test date-matched non-PTZ patients were selected as controls. A total of 110 patients received PTZ within 24 h prior to serum GM testing during the study period. The GM optical density index (ODI) of the PTZ group did not vary significantly from that of the control group (p = 0.251). The percentage of false-positive patients in the PTZ group was also similar to that of the control group (p = 0.538). There was no statistical relationship between GM ODI titer and time interval from PTZ administration (p = 0.095) or cumulative PTZ dose (p = 0.416). In a case-control study that evaluated 220 patients, a generic PTZ in Korea was not related to GM false-positivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-H Ko
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking is considered as a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. It has been shown that smoking cessation drops the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction and also improves platelet function. Because mean platelet volume (MPV) is a simple and convenient indicator for platelet activation, we planned to investigate the effect of smoking status on MPV in healthy populations. METHODS This study was conducted on 398 individuals who visited our hospital for regular medical check-ups and were confirmed not to have diabetes or hypertension. MPV was measured using EDTA blood on an Advia 2120 (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA) within 2 hours. RESULTS Present smokers showed higher MPV levels than present non-smokers. When MPV was compared by taking previous smoking history and present smoking status into account, the smoking cessation group showed significantly lower MPV levels than other groups. CONCLUSIONS Because this finding was significant only in the female group, the change in MPV according to smoking status was found to be different by gender. We carefully suggest that smoking cessation can lower the risk of cardiovascular diseases through the change in MPV, which can be more effective for women than men.
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Choi T, Cho SY. Comment on "Aharonov-Casher and scalar Aharonov-Bohm topological effects". Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:158901. [PMID: 24785079 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.158901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Choi
- Division of General Education, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 139-774, Korea
| | - S Y Cho
- Center for Modern Physics and Department of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
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Cho SY, Lee HJ, Lee WI, Park TS. Mean platelet volume according to the ethnic difference. Int J Lab Hematol 2013; 36:587-8. [PMID: 24206452 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Y Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Cho SY, Yoon YA, Ki CS, Huh HJ, Yoo HW, Lee BH, Kim GH, Yoo JH, Kim SY, Kim SJ, Sohn YB, Park SW, Huh R, Chang MS, Lee J, Kwun Y, Maeng SH, Jin DK. Clinical characterization and molecular classification of 12 Korean patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism and pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2013; 121:539-45. [PMID: 24127307 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1349867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) is defined as resistance toward parathyroid hormones. PHP and pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism (PPHP) are rare disorders resulting from genetic and epigenetic aberrations within or upstream of the GNAS locus. This study investigated the clinical characteristics and performed a molecular analysis of PHP and PPHP. METHODS A total of 12 patients with (P)PHP from 11 unrelated families (4 with PHP-Ia, 6 with PHP-Ib, and 2 with PPHP) were characterized using both clinical and molecular methods. Clinical features included the presenting symptoms, Albright hereditary osteodystrophy features, and resistance to hormones. Comprehensive analysis of the GNAS and STX16 loci was undertaken to investigate the molecular defects underlying (P)PHP. RESULTS All PHP-Ib patients displayed hypocalcemic symptoms. All PHP-Ia patients showed resistance toward TSH, in addition to PTH. In most patients with PHP, when the diagnosis of PHP was first established, hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia were associated with a significant increase in serum PTH levels. One patient with PHP-Ia was diagnosed with growth hormone deficiency and showed a good response to human recombinant growth hormone therapy. 6 patients with PHP-Ia and PPHP showed 5 different mutations in the GNAS gene. 5 patients with PHP-Ib displayed a loss of differentially methylated region (DMR) imprints of the maternal GNAS. One PHP-Ib patient showed a de novo microdeletion in STX16 and a loss of methylation of exon A/B on the maternal allele. No patients revealed paternal disomy among 4 patients with PHP-Ib. CONCLUSIONS Identification of the molecular causes of PHP and PPHP explains their distinctive clinical features and enables confirmation of the diagnosis and exact genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Guri Hopistal, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Republic of Korea
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26
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Cho SY, Park S, Lee SB, Son H, Jeong H. Differences in prostate cancer detection rates according to the level of glomerular filtration rate in patients with prostate specific antigen levels of 4.0-10.0 ng/ml. Int J Clin Pract 2013; 67:552-7. [PMID: 23679906 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2012.03014.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate differences in prostate cancer detection rates according to the level of glomerular filtration rates (GFR). MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels of 4.0-10.0 ng/ml were analysed. Age, serum creatinine, estimated GFR, body mass index, total PSA (tPSA), free PSA (fPSA), per cent free PSA (%fPSA), comorbidities, biopsy Gleason sum and per cent positive core were retrospectively reviewed. All parameters were compared to show whether patients with GFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2) (group A) have higher risk of prostate cancer than patients with GFR ≥ 60 (group B). The primary endpoint was cancer detection rate and the secondary endpoints were differences in mean tPSA, fPSA, %fPSA and pathologic outcomes. RESULTS A total of 1092 men (243 cancer patients) were included. Mean age was 65.8 ± 7.7 years. No differences in mean age and tPSA were found between groups A and B. Mean fPSA, %fPSA and cancer detection rate were significantly higher in group A than group B. The incidence of %fPSA <25% was significantly lower in group A than in group B. GFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2) , fPSA and %fPSA <25% were significant predictors for the presence of prostate cancer in patients with tPSA between 4 and 10 ng/ml. However, %fPSA <25% was not a significant predictor for group A. CONCLUSIONS Because of the increased cancer detection rates in patients with CKD of stage ≥ 3 whose tPSA levels are 4.0-10.0 ng/ml, performing prostate biopsy should be actively considered in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Cho
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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27
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Son H, Cho SY, Park S, Kang JY, Kim CS, Kim HG. A retrospective study of clinical outcomes of α-blocker or finasteride monotherapy followed by combination therapy: determination of the period of combination therapy of α-blocker and finasteride. Int J Clin Pract 2013; 67:351-5. [PMID: 23521327 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS We investigated outcomes after discontinuing alpha-blockers or finasteride in patients who initially received combination therapy and compared differences by duration of combination therapy. METHODS Patients with international prostate symptom score ≥ 8, serum prostatic-specific antigen (PSA) < 4 ng/ml, prostate volume > 25 cm(3) and combination therapy of alpha-blockers and finasteride for more than 6 months were classified into three groups. Group 1 continued combination therapy; group 2, alpha-blockers monotherapy; and group 3, finasteride monotherapy. All parameters were evaluated before and after changing to monotherapy. Patients who received combination therapy for 6-9 months and those who received combination therapy for longer were comparatively analysed. RESULTS Mean age of the 106 patients was 66.9 ± 7.8 years. No significant differences in baseline symptom scores, PSA or prostate volume were found. Following combination therapy, symptom scores, and quality of life (QoL) decreased for all groups. Group 1 maintained decreased PSA and prostate volume, and improved uroflowmetric profiles. No differences in uroflowmetric parameters were found after 6 months. Group 2 maintained improved symptoms, QoL and uroflowmetric profiles, although PSA and prostate volume returned to baseline. Group 3 maintained lowered PSA and prostate volume, whereas Qmax returned to baseline. QoL scores showed no change. Patients who received combination therapy for ≥9 months improved more in symptoms and QoL than those who received shorter combination therapy. CONCLUSIONS Discontinuation of alpha-blockers or finasteride after combination therapy for ≥ 6 months maintained improvements in symptoms. The appropriate period of combination therapy was ≥ 9 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Son
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Oh YK, Ryoo U, Kim D, Cho SY, Jin DK, Yoon BK, Lee DY, Choi D. 17α-hydroxlyase/17, 20-lyase deficiency in three siblings with primary amenorrhea and absence of secondary sexual development. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2012; 25:e103-5. [PMID: 22841373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 17α-hydroxlyase/17, 20-lyase deficiency (17OHD) is a rare phenotype of congenital adrenal hyperplasia that can cause primary amenorrhea. CASE Three phenotypically female siblings visited the adolescent gynecologic clinic complaining of primary amenorrhea and absence of secondary sexual developments. All had constant high blood pressure and showed a hypergonadotropic hypogonadal state with high progesterone and low testosterone levels. Two were genotypically females and one was genotypically a male; all were confirmed to have 17OHD, and estrogen replacement, glucocorticoids, and antihypertensive drugs were Prescribed to the patients. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION Identifying a 17OHD patient complaining of primary amenorrhea in a gynecologic clinic is important for proper management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K Oh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Foss CA, Mease RC, Cho SY, Kim HJ, Pomper MG. GCPII imaging and cancer. Curr Med Chem 2012; 19:1346-59. [PMID: 22304713 DOI: 10.2174/092986712799462612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Revised: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) in the central nervous system is referred to as the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) in the periphery. PSMA serves as a target for imaging and treatment of prostate cancer and because of its expression in solid tumor neovasculature has the potential to be used in this regard for other malignancies as well. An overview of GCPII/PSMA in cancer, as well as a discussion of imaging and therapy of prostate cancer using a wide variety of PSMA-targeting agents is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Foss
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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Cho SY, Han SS, Park SJ, Kim YK, Kim SH, Woo SM, Lee WJ, Kim TH, Hong EK. T-category reflects the histopathologic characteristics of gallbladder cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 2012; 38:537-42. [PMID: 22284345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2012.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Gallbladder (GB) cancer is a relatively uncommon gastrointestinal malignancy and is known to often result in unfavorable outcomes. Recent advances in aggressive surgical resection have improved the overall survival rate of patients with GB cancer. We aimed to evaluate the outcomes and prognostic factors of GB cancer following a surgical resection with curative intent. METHODS Between March 2001 and March 2009, 89 patients with GB cancer underwent surgical resection with curative intent at the National Cancer Center of Korea. We then conducted a retrospective analysis of clinicopathologic data. RESULTS Nineteen patients underwent simple cholecystectomy and 70 patients underwent extended cholecystectomy. Tumor-free resection margins were obtained in 84 cases. The 1-, 3- and 5-year disease-specific survival rates in the 89 patients were 85.8%, 68.0% and 64.1%, respectively. By multivariate analysis, only the T-category was significant (p < 0.001). The T-category showed a close correlation with all of the other histopathologic factors which were significant in univariate analysis. CONCLUSION The T-category of GB cancer represents not only the depth of the primary tumor but also the aggressiveness of its histopathologic nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Cho
- Center for Liver Cancer, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410 769, Republic of Korea
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Cho SY, Teoh TT, Nguwi YY. Facial Expression Analysis by Machine Learning. Mach Learn 2012. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-60960-818-7.ch807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Facial expression recognition is a challenging task. A facial expression is formed by contracting or relaxing different facial muscles on human face that results in temporally deformed facial features like wide-open mouth, raising eyebrows or etc. The challenges of such system have to address with some issues. For instances, lighting condition is a very difficult problem to constraint and regulate. On the other hand, real-time processing is also a challenging problem since there are so many facial features to be extracted and processed and sometimes, conventional classifiers are not even effective in handling those features and produce good classification performance. This chapter discusses the issues on how the advanced feature selection techniques together with good classifiers can play a vital important role of real-time facial expression recognition. Several feature selection methods and classifiers are discussed and their evaluations for real-time facial expression recognition are presented in this chapter. The content of this chapter is a way to open-up a discussion about building a real-time system to read and respond to the emotions of people from facial expressions.
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Cho SY, Park HD, Lee YW, Ki CS, Lee SY, Sohn YB, Park SW, Kim SH, Ji S, Kim SJ, Choi EW, Kim CH, Ko AR, Paik KH, Lee DH, Jin DK. Mutational spectrum in eight Korean patients with 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency. Clin Genet 2011; 81:96-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2011.01704.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Park K, Cho SY, Kim SW. Erectile response to type 5 phosphodiesterase inhibitor could be preserved with the addition of simvastatin to conventional insulin treatment in rat model of diabetes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 34:e468-74. [PMID: 21790657 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2011.01196.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway plays anti-erectile role and is associated with reduced response to type 5 phosphodiesterase inhibitor (PDE5I) in diabetic animals. We tested whether adjunctive simvastatin to conventional insulin treatment would restore PDE5I-induced as well as basal erectile response in diabetic rat model of erectile dysfunction. Forty 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into four groups, (n=10) i.e. the diabetic group (D), age-matched control (C), conventional insulin treatment (I) and adjunctive simvastatin to conventional insulin treatment (S). Following 10weeks of intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 35mg/kg), the group I and S received insulin (10U NPH/day) for 4weeks. Concurrently, group S received simvastatin (20mg/kg/day). Following 14weeks of diabetes induction, basal and PDE5I (intravenous mirodenafil 1mg/kg)-elicited erectile response were assessed during cavernous nerve electrostimulation. Then, penile tissues were processed for molecular assessment. Although group I failed to restore basal and PDE5I-induced erectile response, group S showed normalized erectile responses. Furthermore, group I showed improvement of only eNOS-related pathway, whereas group S effectively controlled both eNOS-related and RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway. Conclusively, adjunctive use of simvastatin to conventional insulin treatment showed more effectiveness in restoring erectile responses of diabetic rats by controlling the RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway than conventional insulin treatment alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Park
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Chung KW, Suh BC, Cho SY, Choi SK, Kang SH, Yoo JH, Hwang JY, Choi BO. Early-onset Charcot-Marie-Tooth patients with mitofusin 2 mutations and brain involvement. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2010; 81:1203-6. [PMID: 20587496 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2009.181669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Mutations of the mitofusin 2 (MFN2) gene have been reported to be the most common cause of the axonal form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT). A prospective brain MRI study was performed on 18 early-onset CMT patients with MFN2 mutations, and a high frequency (39%) of brain abnormalities was found. Early-onset patients showed multiple scattered or confluent brain lesions that involved gray matter as well as white matter. Patterns of brain involvement in early-onset patients differed from those of late-onset patients and other hereditary peripheral neuropathies. In addition, one CMT patient demonstrated a brain lesion before the development of peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Chung
- Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University, School of Medicine, Mokdong Hospital, 911-1 Mokdong, Yangcheon-ku, Seoul 158-710, Korea
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Jeon HY, Kim JK, Seo DB, Cho SY, Lee SJ. Beneficial effect of dietary epigallocatechin-3-gallate on skin via enhancement of antioxidant capacity in both blood and skin. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2010; 23:283-9. [PMID: 20523107 DOI: 10.1159/000313542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Accepted: 04/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Dietary antioxidants exert a photoprotective effect against UV radiation. However, the mechanism underlying the beneficial effects on skin of orally administered antioxidant is not very clear. The present study aimed to investigate the UVB-induced total antioxidant capacity (TAC) perturbation both in skin and blood and to study the beneficial mechanism of action of dietary epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). METHOD Female HWY/Slc hairless rats were exposed to UVB radiation for 4 weeks and skin and blood TAC were measured at weeks 0, 2, and 4. The correlation between skin and blood TAC was assessed using Pearson's correlation analysis. To investigate the effect of dietary EGCG, female HWY/Slc hairless rats were fed EGCG and exposed to UVB radiation. At the end of the 8-week experimental period, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and epidermal thickness were measured to assess skin damage, and TAC was analyzed in both skin and blood. RESULTS UVB radiation significantly decreased skin and blood TAC, and there was a significant correlation between skin and blood TAC. Dietary EGCG significantly prevented UVB-induced adverse effects on epidermal thickness and TEWL, and the UVB-induced decrease in TAC recovered in both skin and blood. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that there is a close relationship between skin and blood TAC and the beneficial effect of oral antioxidants on skin may possibly be mediated through significant enhancement of blood TAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Jeon
- Food Research Institute, Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin-si, Korea
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Jin SP, Chang MS, Shin HS, Kim BY, Park HJ, Won CH, Cho SY. Eruptive pseudo-angiomatosis lesions are associated with intravascular neutrophils and do not harbour EpsteinâBarr virus. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2010; 24:163-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2009.03370.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Elisei R, Schlumberger M, Driedger A, Reiners C, Kloos RT, Sherman SI, Haugen B, Corone C, Molinaro E, Grasso L, Leboulleux S, Rachinsky I, Luster M, Lassmann M, Busaidy NL, Wahl RL, Pacini F, Cho SY, Magner J, Pinchera A, Ladenson PW. Follow-up of low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer patients who underwent radioiodine ablation of postsurgical thyroid remnants after either recombinant human thyrotropin or thyroid hormone withdrawal. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94:4171-9. [PMID: 19850694 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2009-0869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously demonstrated comparable thyroid remnant ablation rates in postoperative low-risk thyroid cancer patients prepared for administration of 3.7GBq (131)I (100 mCi) after recombinant human (rh) TSH during T(4) (L-T4) therapy vs. withholding L-T4 (euthyroid vs. hypothyroid groups). We now compared the outcomes of these patients 3.7 yr later. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty-one of the 63 original patients (28 euthyroid, 23 hypothyroid) participated. Forty-eight received rhTSH and serum thyroglobulin (Tg) sampling. A (131)I whole-body scan was performed in 43 patients, and successful ablation was defined by criteria from the previous study. Based on the criterion of uptake less than 0.1% in thyroid bed, 100% (43 of 43) remained ablated. When no visible uptake instead was used, five patients (four euthyroid, one hypothyroid) had minimal visible activity. When the TSH-stimulated Tg criterion was used, only two of 45 (one euthyroid, one hypothyroid) had a stimulated Tg level greater than 2 ng/ml. RESULTS No patient in either group died, and no patient declared disease free had sustained tumor recurrence. Nine (four euthyroid, five hypothyroid) had received additional (131)I between the original and current studies due to detectable Tg or imaging evidence of disease; with follow-up, all now had a negative rhTSH-stimulated whole-body scan and seven (three euthyroid, four hypothyroid) had a stimulated serum Tg less than 2 ng/ml. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, after a median 3.7 yr, low-risk thyroid cancer patients prepared for postoperative remnant ablation either with rhTSH or after L-T4 withdrawal were confirmed to have had their thyroid remnants ablated and to have comparable rates of tumor recurrence and persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Elisei
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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Choi YC, Yang SA, Kim J, Jeong KO, Cho SY, Bu SD. Self-assembled growth of nanocomposites consisting of TiO(2) nanopillars and Pb(Zr(0.52)Ti(0.48))O(3) thin films. Nanotechnology 2009; 20:425601. [PMID: 19779231 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/42/425601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report for the first time the self-assembled growth of nanocomposites of 'TiO(2) nanopillars on Pb(Zr(0.52)Ti(0.48))O(3) (PZT) thin films' using a modified sol-gel processing. Both TiO(2) nanopillars and PZT thin films are simultaneously formed during the post-annealing process. The growth behaviours of TiO(2) nanopillars are controlled by adjusting the Ti excess amounts of PZT solutions and the post-annealing conditions. The self-assembled growth can be explained on the basis of the combined effects of five factors which can have influence during the annealing process: a Ti ion diffusion to the film surface, a phase separation of PZT and TiO(2), a void formation on the film surface, a Ti oxidation at the film surface under oxygen atmosphere, and a nanopillar growth on the film surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Choi
- Department of Physics, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- Teik-Toe Teoh
- Centre for Computational Intelligence, School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Blk N4 #2A-32, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - Yok-Yen Nguwi
- Centre for Computational Intelligence, School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Blk N4 #2A-32, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - Siu-Yeung Cho
- Centre for Computational Intelligence, School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Blk N4 #2A-32, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
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Wong WC, Cho SY, Quek C. R-POPTVR: a novel reinforcement-based POPTVR fuzzy neural network for pattern classification. IEEE Trans Neural Netw 2009; 20:1740-55. [PMID: 19770091 DOI: 10.1109/tnn.2009.2029857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In general, a fuzzy neural network (FNN) is characterized by its learning algorithm and its linguistic knowledge representation. However, it does not necessarily interact with its environment when the training data is assumed to be an accurate description of the environment under consideration. In interactive problems, it would be more appropriate for an agent to learn from its own experience through interactions with the environment, i.e., reinforcement learning. In this paper, three clustering algorithms are developed based on the reinforcement learning paradigm. This allows a more accurate description of the clusters as the clustering process is influenced by the reinforcement signal. They are the REINFORCE clustering technique I (RCT-I), the REINFORCE clustering technique II (RCT-II), and the episodic REINFORCE clustering technique (ERCT). The integrations of the RCT-I, the RCT-II, and the ERCT within the pseudo-outer product truth value restriction (POPTVR), which is a fuzzy neural network integrated with the truth restriction value (TVR) inference scheme in its five layered feedforward neural network, form the RPOPTVR-I, the RPOPTVR-II, and the ERPOPTVR, respectively. The Iris, Phoneme, and Spiral data sets are used for benchmarking. For both Iris and Phoneme data, the RPOPTVR is able to yield better classification results which are higher than the original POPTVR and the modified POPTVR over the three test trials. For the Spiral data set, the RPOPTVR-II is able to outperform the others by at least a margin of 5.8% over multiple test trials. The three reinforcement-based clustering techniques applied to the POPTVR network are able to exhibit the trial-and-error search characteristic that yields higher qualitative performance.
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Man MQ, Xin SJ, Song SP, Cho SY, Zhang XJ, Tu CX, Feingold KR, Elias PM. Variation of skin surface pH, sebum content and stratum corneum hydration with age and gender in a large Chinese population. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2009; 22:190-9. [PMID: 19648780 DOI: 10.1159/000231524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2008] [Accepted: 04/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Evidence suggests the importance of skin biophysical properties in predicting diseases and in developing appropriate skin care. The results to date of studies on skin surface pH, stratum corneum (SC) hydration and sebum content in both genders and at various ages have been inconclusive, which was in part due to small sample size. Additionally, little is known about the skin physical properties of Asian, especially Chinese, subjects. In the present study, we assess the difference in skin surface pH, sebum content and SC hydration at various ages and in both genders in a large Chinese population without skin diseases. METHODS 713 subjects (328 males and 385 females) aged 0.5-94 years were enrolled in this study. The subjects were divided by age into 5 groups, i.e., 0-12, 13-35, 36-50, 51-70 and over 70 years old. A multifunctional skin physiology monitor was used to measure SC hydration, skin surface pH and sebum content on both the forehead and the forearms. RESULTS In males, the highest sebum content was found on the forearm and the forehead in the age groups 36-50 (93.47 +/- 10.01 microg/cm(2)) and 51-70 years (9.16 +/- 1.95 microg/cm(2)), while in females, the highest sebum content was found on the forearm and the forehead in the age groups 13-35 (61.91 +/- 6.12 microg/cm(2)) and 51-70 years (7.54 +/- 2.55 microg/cm(2)). The forehead sebum content was higher in males aged 13-70 years than in age-matched females; the sebum content on the forehead in both males and females was higher than that on the forearm. Skin surface pH on the forehead of both males and females over the age of 70 years was higher than that in younger groups. SC hydration on the forehead in both males and females was lower above the age of 70, and the one in males aged 13-35 was higher than that in females (43.99 +/- 1.88 vs. 36.38 +/- 1.67 AU, p < 0.01). SC hydration on the forehead in both males and females did not significantly differ from that on the forearm. CONCLUSIONS In a large Chinese cohort, the skin surface pH, sebum content and SC hydration vary with age, gender and body site.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Q Man
- Department of Dermatology and Medicine, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, Calif., USA.
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Law TT, Suen DTK, Tam YF, Cho SY, Chung HP, Kwong A, Yuen WK. Telephone pre-anaesthesia assessment for ambulatory breast surgery. Hong Kong Med J 2009; 15:179-182. [PMID: 19494372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the efficacy of telephone preoperative anaesthesia assessment in patients undergoing ambulatory breast surgery. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING Day Surgery Centre, Tung Wah Hospital, Hong Kong. PATIENTS Patients with breast lumps to be excised were seen by dedicated breast surgeons and informed of day procedures and preoperative anaesthesia assessment. Those who fulfilled the selection criteria of age (18-45 years) and American Society of Anesthesiologists grade I were recruited for telephone anaesthesia assessment preoperatively. The patients were contacted by senior day surgery nurses via telephone before the scheduled operation date, and information was retrieved using a standard assessment form. Prospective data from January 2002 to December 2007 were analysed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Proportion of patients who successfully underwent day surgery after telephone preoperative anaesthesia assessment. RESULTS Of 482 patients receiving ambulatory surgery for breast lumps during the study period, 283 patients were selected for preoperative telephone anaesthesia assessment. Five (2%) patients with problems identified by this method underwent further assessment at the Day Surgery Centre; the remaining 278 (98%) required no further assessment and proceeded to have a successful day surgery procedure. CONCLUSION Preoperative anaesthesia assessment by telephone is an effective means of preoperative assessment in selected patients undergoing ambulatory breast surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Law
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Tung Wah Hospital, Sheung Wan, Hong Kong
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Ha JW, Rim SJ, Chang BC, Chung N, Cho SY. A mitral valve myxoma prolapsing into the left ventricular outflow tract. Clin Cardiol 2009; 24:570. [PMID: 11501610 PMCID: PMC6655158 DOI: 10.1002/clc.4960240809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J W Ha
- Cardiology Division, Yonsei Cardiovascular Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Ha
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diagnostic Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- J W HA
- Cardiology Division, Yonsei University of College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Ha
- Cardiology Division, Yonsei Cardiovascular Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Ha
- Cardiology Division, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Ho P, Poon JTC, Cho SY, Cheung G, Tam YF, Yuen WK, Cheng SWK. Day surgery varicose vein treatment using endovenous laser. Hong Kong Med J 2009; 15:39-43. [PMID: 19197095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the safety and efficacy of endovenous laser obliteration to treat varicose vein in a day surgery setting, using sedation and local anaesthesia. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING Day surgery centre in a regional hospital in Hong Kong. PATIENTS A total of 24 patients with duplex-confirmed long saphenous vein insufficiency underwent endovenous laser (940 nm) varicose vein treatment from July to November 2007 in a single day surgery centre. Adjuvant phlebectomy and injection sclerotherapy were performed in the same session if indicated. All patients had postprocedural venous duplex scan and clinic assessment on day 7 and day 10 respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Procedure success rate, unplanned hospital admissions and re-admissions, major complications, and long saphenous vein obliteration rate. RESULTS A total of 31 limbs of the 24 patients were treated with endovenous laser varicose vein treatment under local anaesthesia and sedation. The procedural success rate was 100%. All but two patients were admitted on the day of treatment and none were re-admitted. The patients' mean visual analogue pain score for the whole procedure was 2.3 (standard deviation, 1.5; range, 0-5). Post-procedural duplex scans showed 100% thrombosis of the treated long saphenous veins with no deep vein thrombosis. There were no skin burns or instances of thrombophlebitis. Induration of the treated long saphenous vein was relatively common (54%). The majority of the patients (54%) experienced mild discomfort in the early postoperative period. CONCLUSION Endovenous laser varicose vein treatment performed under local anaesthesia and sedation in a day surgery setting is safe, and yields satisfactory clinical and duplex outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ho
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong Medical Centre, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.
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