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George-Levi S, Laslo-Roth R, Ben-Yaakov L. Differences in Interpersonal Resources and Risk Factors Among Mothers and Fathers of Children on the Autism Spectrum: A Serial Mediation Model. J Autism Dev Disord 2024; 54:1398-1410. [PMID: 36710298 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-05900-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mothers and fathers of children on the autism spectrum may differ in their perception of their interpersonal resources and risk factors. Fathers (114) and mothers (507) of children on the autism spectrum participated in the study. Fathers (vs. mothers) reported lower interpersonal resources (interpersonal emotion regulation and perceived support from friends and formal sources, but not family) and higher levels of interpersonal risk factors (social, not emotional, loneliness). A serial mediation model indicated that parents' gender predicted interpersonal emotion regulation which in turn related to parents' social loneliness directly and indirectly through perceived social support. Fathers of children on the autism spectrum may differ from mothers in perceptions of interpersonal resources and risk factors related to parents' social belonging needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivan George-Levi
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Peres Academic Center, 10 Peres St, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Roni Laslo-Roth
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Peres Academic Center, 10 Peres St, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lital Ben-Yaakov
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Peres Academic Center, 10 Peres St, Rehovot, Israel
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George-Levi S, Laslo-Roth R, Ben Yaakov L. Vulnerability to loneliness among fathers of children with autism spectrum disorder: The role of interpersonal and familial resources. Fam Process 2023:e12877. [PMID: 36945767 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fathers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) might be at increased risk of becoming lonely. In the current study, we explored the differences in loneliness between fathers of children with and without ASD and identified interpersonal and familial resources (social support, family cohesion, and family adaptability) that might be related to levels of loneliness. Using a cross-sectional design, 348 fathers (of 114 children with ASD and 234 without) completed a series of questionnaires. Fathers of children with ASD reported higher levels of loneliness and lower levels of social support and family cohesion. A moderated mediation model indicated that the interaction between social support and family cohesion mediated the association between ASD group (i.e., ASD vs. non-ASD) and fathers' loneliness. Findings suggest the importance of interpersonal and familial resources (e.g., perceived social support and family cohesion) for family members at risk of loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivan George-Levi
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Peres Academic Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Roni Laslo-Roth
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Peres Academic Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lital Ben Yaakov
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Peres Academic Center, Rehovot, Israel
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Laslo-Roth R, George-Levi S, Margalit M. Social participation and posttraumatic growth: The serial mediation of hope, social support, and reappraisal. J Community Psychol 2022; 50:47-63. [PMID: 33295659 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In light of the global crisis created by the outbreak of the coronavirus and the disease it causes, coronavirus disease 2019, the goal of the study was to detect factors that might enhance people's ability to experience positive psychological change during traumatic events. As such, this study examined the relationship between social participation and posttraumatic growth (PTG) during the coronavirus outbreak and tested the mediating role of hope, social support, and cognitive reappraisal in explaining this relationship. The sample consisted of 275 participants (21.8% male, and 78.2% female, with an average age of 33.42, SD = 13.63), subjected to social-distancing regulations during this period. Results demonstrated a serial mediation model in which social participation predicted PTG directly and indirectly through hope (pathways and agency), social support, and cognitive reappraisal. The importance of social participation in nourishing personal resources and practical implications including the need for prevention programs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Laslo-Roth
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Peres Academic Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sivan George-Levi
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Peres Academic Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Malka Margalit
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Peres Academic Center, Rehovot, Israel
- Constantiner School of Education, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Laslo-Roth R, George-Levi S, Rosenstreich E. Protecting children with ADHD against loneliness: Familial and individual factors predicting perceived child's loneliness. Personality and Individual Differences 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.110971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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George-Levi S, Laslo-Roth R, Schmidt-Barad T. Feeling you, when you feel me: attachment, empathic concern, and interpersonal emotion regulation. J Soc Psychol 2021; 162:655-669. [PMID: 34315350 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2021.1940075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Empathic concern is an important part of social relationships. Attachment orientation may explain individual differences in empathic concern. However, the circumstances under which attachment orientation is related to empathic concern remain unexamined. This exploratory study investigated the moderating role of a novel aspect of emotion regulation, interpersonal emotion regulation, in the relationship between attachment orientation and empathic concern. Study 1 (N = 179) and Study 2 (direct replication, N = 202) yielded consistent main effects for emotion regulation. Interpersonal emotion regulation efficacy (people's belief that interpersonal emotion regulation can effectively change their negative and positive emotions) was positively associated with empathic concern. Avoidant attachment showed a moderately consistent negative association with empathic concern. Negative efficacy moderated the association between anxious attachment and empathic concern only in Study 1. The findings focus attention on the importance of interpersonal emotion regulation efficacy to empathic concern and on the complex relationship between attachment and empathic concern.
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Laslo-Roth R, George-Levi S, Margalit M. Hope during the COVID-19 outbreak: coping with the psychological impact of quarantine. Counselling Psychology Quarterly 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09515070.2021.1881762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roni Laslo-Roth
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Peres Academic Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sivan George-Levi
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Peres Academic Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Malka Margalit
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Peres Academic Center, Rehovot, Israel
- School of Education, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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George-Levi S, Laslo-Roth R. Entitlement, Hope, and Life Satisfaction Among Mothers of Children with Developmental Disabilities. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 51:3818-3828. [PMID: 33394244 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04832-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between sense of entitlement and hope might have a unique contribution to mothers of children with developmental disabilities (DD) life satisfaction. Seventy-three mothers of children with DD and 47 mothers of children without DD participated in the study. Mothers of children with DD (vs. without DD) experienced low levels of life satisfaction and high levels of entitlement. The relationship between being a mother of children with DD and life satisfaction was mediated by the interaction between sense of entitlement and hope. Higher entitlement was negatively related to life satisfaction when mothers' hope was low and positively related to life satisfaction when mothers' hope was high. Entitlement can act as a resource for life satisfaction, depending on hope levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivan George-Levi
- School of Behavioral Science, Peres Academic Center, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Roni Laslo-Roth
- School of Behavioral Science, Peres Academic Center, Rehovot, Israel
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George-Levi S, Vilchinsky N, Tolmacz R, Khaskiaa A, Mosseri M, Hod H. "It takes two to take": Caregiving style, relational entitlement, and medication adherence. J Fam Psychol 2016; 30:743-751. [PMID: 27513287 DOI: 10.1037/fam0000203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Partners' support has been associated with both patients' increased and decreased inclination toward health-promoting behaviors. Our hypothesis for understanding this enigma is that it is the interplay between partners' manner of care provision and patients' ability to accept these care efforts that may best predict patients' adherence. Thus, the current study's main goal was to examine the contribution of the interaction between caregivers' support style (sensitive and compulsive) and cardiac patients' sense of relational entitlement (restricted, excessive, assertive, entitlement expectations) to patients' medication adherence. The Adult Caregiving Questionnaire, the Sense of Relational Entitlement Scale, and the Medication Adherence Report Scale were administered to 114 cardiac patients and their partners, during patients' hospitalizations and 6 months later. The lowest levels of medication adherence were detected among patients high on restricted entitlement who were married to partners high on compulsive caregiving style. These findings strengthen our claim that it is the interaction between recipients' personality and providers' support style which explain self-regulatory processes that arise during times of family medical crises. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rami Tolmacz
- The Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC)
| | | | | | - Hanoch Hod
- Department of Cardiology, Sheba Medical Center
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George-Levi S, Vilchinsky N, Rafaeli E, Liberman G, Khaskiaa A, Mosseri M, Hod H. Caregiving styles and anxiety among couples: coping versus not coping with cardiac illness. Anxiety Stress Coping 2016; 30:107-120. [PMID: 27376169 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2016.1206530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES partners' caregiving efforts are not always beneficial to both recipient and provider. Bowlby's conceptualization of caregiving style as a stable predisposition may clarify such caregiving effects. The relationship between caregiving style (compulsive and sensitive) and anxiety among couples coping with cardiac illness and a matching control group not coping with cardiac illness were assessed. We hypothesized that one's compulsive caregiving would associate positively, and one's sensitive caregiving would associate negatively, with one's and one's partner's anxiety across contexts (cardiac and non-cardiac) and gender. DESIGN A comparative design of 131 couples with a diagnosis of husbands' acute cardiac syndrome and 68 matched couples in the community was applied. METHODS The Adult Caregiving Questionnaire and the Brief Symptoms Inventory were administered. RESULTS Structural equation modeling revealed that one's compulsive caregiving was positively associated with one's anxiety, across most contexts. Multi-group analyses revealed that the associations between one's compulsive caregiving and one's partner's anxiety levels differed depending on gender and context. CONCLUSIONS The distress which emerges in an individual who takes on a caregiving role and in his/her partner seems to result not only from the demands of the concrete caregiving situation but also from one's and one's partner's developmental history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivan George-Levi
- a Department of Psychology , Bar-Ilan University , Ramat-Gan , Israel
| | - Noa Vilchinsky
- a Department of Psychology , Bar-Ilan University , Ramat-Gan , Israel
| | - Eshkol Rafaeli
- a Department of Psychology , Bar-Ilan University , Ramat-Gan , Israel
| | - Gabriel Liberman
- b Data-graph, Research and Statistical Counseling , Holon , Israel
| | - Abid Khaskiaa
- c Department of Cardiology , Meir Medical Center , Kefar Saba , Israel
| | - Morris Mosseri
- c Department of Cardiology , Meir Medical Center , Kefar Saba , Israel
| | - Hanoch Hod
- d Department of Cardiology , Sheba Medical Center , Ramat-Gan , Israel
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George-Levi S, Vilchinsky N, Tolmacz R, Liberman G. Testing the concept of relational entitlement in the dyadic context: further validation and associations with relationship satisfaction. J Fam Psychol 2014; 28:193-203. [PMID: 24707803 DOI: 10.1037/a0036150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The sense of relational entitlement is the perception one has of what one deserves from one's partner, and it may play a crucial role in determining the quality of a couple's relationship. However, the concept was only recently subjected to empirical examination. The main goals of the current study were to continue the work initiated by the scale developers (Tolmacz & Mikulincer, 2011) by (1) further validating the Sense of Relational Entitlement Scale (SRE) in a sample of adult couples; and (2) examining the contribution of each partner's sense of relational entitlement to his or her own and his or her partner's relationship satisfaction. A sample of 120 Israeli, heterosexual, older couples (age = 58 years) in long-term relationships completed the study measurements. Factor analyses revealed that the SRE scale consisted of two major dimensions: conflicted entitlement and assertive entitlement. Applying an Actor-Partner-Interdependence Model (APIM) analysis indicated that the more conflicted one felt with regard to what one was entitled to, the less satisfaction one felt with the relationship. Additionally, the higher one's entitlement expectations were of one's partner (a subfactor of the assertive entitlement dimension), the more one's partner was satisfied with the relationship. The sense of entitlement construct seems to be relevant to the context of dyadic relationships and, as such, is worthy of further attention and investigation.
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