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Koual R, Buysse M, Grillet J, Binetruy F, Ouass S, Sprong H, Duhayon M, Boulanger N, Jourdain F, Alafaci A, Verdon J, Verheyden H, Rispe C, Plantard O, Duron O. Phylogenetic evidence for a clade of tick-associated trypanosomes. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:3. [PMID: 36604731 PMCID: PMC9817367 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05622-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trypanosomes are protozoan parasites of vertebrates that are of medical and veterinary concern. A variety of blood-feeding invertebrates have been identified as vectors, but the role of ticks in trypanosome transmission remains unclear. METHODS In this study, we undertook extensive molecular screening for the presence and genetic diversity of trypanosomes in field ticks. RESULTS Examination of 1089 specimens belonging to 28 tick species from Europe and South America led to the identification of two new trypanosome strains. The prevalence may be as high as 4% in tick species such as the castor bean tick Ixodes ricinus, but we found no evidence of transovarial transmission. Further phylogenetic analyses based on 18S rRNA, EF1-α, hsp60 and hsp85 gene sequences revealed that different tick species, originating from different continents, often harbour phylogenetically related trypanosome strains and species. Most tick-associated trypanosomes cluster in a monophyletic clade, the Trypanosoma pestanai clade, distinct from clades of trypanosomes associated with transmission by other blood-feeding invertebrates. CONCLUSIONS These observations suggest that ticks may be specific arthropod hosts for trypanosomes of the T. pestanai clade. Phylogenetic analyses provide further evidence that ticks may transmit these trypanosomes to a diversity of mammal species (including placental and marsupial species) on most continents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Koual
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141MIVEGEC, CNRS, IRD, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie Buysse
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141MIVEGEC, CNRS, IRD, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Justine Grillet
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141MIVEGEC, CNRS, IRD, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Florian Binetruy
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141MIVEGEC, CNRS, IRD, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sofian Ouass
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141MIVEGEC, CNRS, IRD, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Hein Sprong
- grid.31147.300000 0001 2208 0118Laboratory for Zoonoses and Environmental Microbiology (Z&O), Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute of Public Health and Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Maxime Duhayon
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nathalie Boulanger
- grid.11843.3f0000 0001 2157 9291UR7290: VBP: Borrelia Group, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg and French National Reference Center for Borrelia, Strasbourg, France
| | - Frédéric Jourdain
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141MIVEGEC, CNRS, IRD, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Aurélien Alafaci
- grid.11166.310000 0001 2160 6368UMR CNRS 7267, EBI, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Julien Verdon
- grid.11166.310000 0001 2160 6368UMR CNRS 7267, EBI, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Hélène Verheyden
- grid.508721.9INRAE, CEFS, Université de Toulouse, Castanet Tolosan Cedex, France ,LTSER ZA PYRénées GARonne, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Claude Rispe
- grid.418682.10000 0001 2175 3974Oniris, INRAE, BIOEPAR, Nantes, France
| | - Olivier Plantard
- grid.418682.10000 0001 2175 3974Oniris, INRAE, BIOEPAR, Nantes, France
| | - Olivier Duron
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141MIVEGEC, CNRS, IRD, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Ouass S, Boulanger N, Lelouvier B, Insonere JLM, Lacroux C, Krief S, Asalu E, Rahola N, Duron O. Diversity and phylogeny of the tick-borne bacterial genus Candidatus Allocryptoplasma (Anaplasmataceae). Parasite 2023; 30:13. [PMID: 37162293 PMCID: PMC10171070 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2023014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The family Anaplasmataceae includes tick-borne bacteria of major public and veterinary health interest, as best illustrated by members of the genera Anaplasma and Ehrlichia. Recent epidemiological surveys have also reported on the presence of a novel putative genus in the Anaplasmataceae, Candidatus Allocryptoplasma, previously described as Candidatus Cryptoplasma in the western black-legged tick, Ixodes pacificus. However, the genetic diversity of Ca. Allocryptoplasma and its phylogenetic relationship with other Anaplasmataceae remain unclear. In this study, we developed a multi-locus sequence typing approach, examining the DNA sequence variation at five genes of Ca. Allocryptoplasma found in ticks. Combining this multi-locus sequence typing and genetic data available on public databases, we found that substantial genetic diversity of Ca. Allocryptoplasma is present in Ixodes, Amblyomma and Haemaphysalis spp. ticks on most continents. Further analyses confirmed that the Ca. Allocryptoplasma of ticks, the Ca. Allocryptoplasma of lizards and some Anaplasma-like bacteria of wild mice cluster into a monophyletic genus, divergent from all other genera of the family Anaplasmataceae. Candidatus Allocryptoplasma appears as a sister genus of Anaplasma and, with the genera Ehrlichia and Neoehrlichia, they form a monophyletic subgroup of Anaplasmataceae associated with tick-borne diseases. The detection of genetically distinct Ca. Allocryptoplasma in ticks of significant medical or veterinary interest supports the hypothesis that it is an emergent genus of tick-borne pathogens of general concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofian Ouass
- MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier (UM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut pour la Recherche de la Développement (IRD), 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Nathalie Boulanger
- University of Strasbourg, French National Reference Center for Borrelia, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | - Camille Lacroux
- UMR 7206 CNRS/MNHN/P7, Eco-anthropologie, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Musée de l'Homme, 17 place du Trocadéro, 75116, Paris, France - La Phocéenne de Cosmétique, ZA Les Roquassiers, 174 Rue de la Forge, 13300 Salon-de-Provence, France - Sebitoli Chimpanzee Project, Great Ape Conservation Project, Kibale National Park, Fort Portal, Uganda
| | - Sabrina Krief
- UMR 7206 CNRS/MNHN/P7, Eco-anthropologie, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Musée de l'Homme, 17 place du Trocadéro, 75116, Paris, France - Sebitoli Chimpanzee Project, Great Ape Conservation Project, Kibale National Park, Fort Portal, Uganda
| | - Edward Asalu
- Sebitoli Chimpanzee Project, Great Ape Conservation Project, Kibale National Park, Fort Portal, Uganda - Uganda Wildlife Authority, Kibale National Park, Uganda
| | - Nil Rahola
- MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier (UM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut pour la Recherche de la Développement (IRD), 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Duron
- MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier (UM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut pour la Recherche de la Développement (IRD), 34394 Montpellier, France
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