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Moxham R, Tjokrowidjaja A, Devery S, Smyth R, McLean A, Roberts DM, Wu KHC. Clinical utilities and end-user experience of pharmacogenomics: 39 mo of clinical implementation experience in an Australian hospital setting. World J Med Genet 2023; 11:39-50. [DOI: 10.5496/wjmg.v11.i4.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacogenomics (PG) testing is under-utilised in Australia. Our research provides Australia-specific data on the perspectives of patients who have had PG testing and those of the clinicians involved in their care, with the aim to inform wider adoption of PG into routine clinical practice.
AIM To investigate the frequency of actionable drug gene interactions and assess the perceived utility of PG among patients and clinicians.
METHODS We conducted a retrospective audit of PG undertaken by 100 patients at an Australian public hospital genetics service from 2018 to 2021. Via electronic surveys we compared and contrasted the experience, understanding and usage of results between these patients and their clinicians.
RESULTS Of 100 patients who had PG, 84% were taking prescription medications, of which 67% were taking medications with actionable drug-gene interactions. Twenty-five out of 81 invited patients and 17 out of 89 invited clinicians completed the surveys. Sixty-eight percent of patients understood their PG results and 48% had medications changed following testing. Paired patient-clinician surveys showed patient-perceived utility and experience was positive, contrasting their clinicians’ hesitancy on PG adoption who identified insufficient education/training, lack of clinical support, test turnaround time and cost as barriers to adoption.
CONCLUSION Our dichotomous findings between the perspectives of our patient and clinician cohorts suggest the uptake of PG is likely to be driven by patients and clinicians need to be prepared to provide information and guidance to their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalind Moxham
- Clinical Genomics, St Vincent's Hospital, NSW, Sydney 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, NSW, Sydney 2031, Australia
| | - Andrew Tjokrowidjaja
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, NSW, Sydney 2031, Australia
| | - Sophie Devery
- Clinical Genomics, St Vincent's Hospital, NSW, Sydney 2010, Australia
| | - Renee Smyth
- Clinical Genomics, St Vincent's Hospital, NSW, Sydney 2010, Australia
| | - Alison McLean
- Clinical Genomics, St Vincent's Hospital, NSW, Sydney 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, NSW, Sydney 2031, Australia
| | - Darren M Roberts
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, NSW, Sydney 2031, Australia
- Clinical Pharmacology, Drug Health Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, NSW, Sydney 2050, Australia
| | - Kathy H C Wu
- Clinical Genomics, St Vincent's Hospital, NSW, Sydney 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, NSW, Sydney 2031, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame Australia, NSW, Sydney 2010, Australia
- Discipline of Genetic Medicine, University of Sydney, NSW, Sydney 2006, Australia
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2
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McLean A, Tchan M, Devery S, Smyth R, Shrestha R, Kumar KR, Tomlinson S, Tisch S, Wu KHC. Informing a value care model: lessons from an integrated adult neurogenomics clinic. Intern Med J 2023; 53:2198-2207. [PMID: 37092903 DOI: 10.1111/imj.16103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advances in genomics provide improved opportunities for diagnosis of complex neurogenetic disorders, yet the optimal approach to translate these benefits to the outpatient clinic is unclear. AIMS We retrospectively reviewed referral indications and outcomes of an integrated multidisciplinary team (MDT) clinic pathway for adults with suspected neurogenetic disorders. The associated cost implications were estimated. METHODS Consecutive patients who attended the neurogenomics clinic from January 2017 to April 2020 were included. The clinic comprised neurologists, clinical geneticists and genetic counsellors, who assessed each patient concurrently. RESULTS Ninety-nine new patients were referred spanning 45 different clinical diagnoses. Following MDT clinical assessment, 23% (23/99) of referral diagnoses were revised prior to molecular testing. Eighty-one patients (82%) underwent genetic testing, including 43 exome-based panels, 15 whole-genome sequencing, 14 single gene tests, 27 repeat-primed polymerase chain reaction testing and two chromosomal microarrays. Overall, 33/99 patients (33%) received a diagnosis, either a molecular diagnosis (n = 24, of which 22 were diagnostic and two were predictive) or a clinical diagnosis (n = 9). Of the clinical diagnosis cohort, five patients received a diagnosis without molecular testing and four patients whose negative testing (one diagnostic and three predictive) allowed exclusion of genetic differentials and, hence, confirmation of clinical diagnoses. The diagnostic rate following MDT and diagnostic testing was 30% (28/94), excluding the five predictive testing cases. MDT assessment aligned with eventual molecular diagnoses in 96% of cases. The estimated average costs were AU$1386 per patient undergoing MDT assessment and AU$4159 per diagnosis achieved. CONCLUSIONS We present an integrated multidisciplinary neurogenomics clinic pathway providing a diagnostic yield of 33% (30% excluding predictive testing cases), with costing implications. The relatively high diagnostic yield may be attributed to multidisciplinary input integrating accurate phenotyping of complex disorders and interpretation of genomic findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison McLean
- St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical Genomics, St Vincent's Hospital, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michel Tchan
- St Vincent's Clinical Genomics, St Vincent's Hospital, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Genetic Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sophie Devery
- St Vincent's Clinical Genomics, St Vincent's Hospital, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Renee Smyth
- St Vincent's Clinical Genomics, St Vincent's Hospital, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rupendra Shrestha
- Centre for Economic Impacts of Genomic Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kishore R Kumar
- St Vincent's Clinical Genomics, St Vincent's Hospital, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Molecular Medicine in Neurology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital and the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Susan Tomlinson
- School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Neurology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen Tisch
- St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Neurology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kathy H C Wu
- St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical Genomics, St Vincent's Hospital, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Discipline of Genetic Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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3
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Grosz BR, Tisch S, Tchan MC, Fung VSC, Darveniza P, Fellner A, Kurian MA, McLean A, Tomlinson SE, Smyth R, Devery S, Wu KHC, Kennerson ML, Kumar KR. A novel synonymous KMT2B variant in a patient with dystonia causes aberrant splicing. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2022; 10:e1923. [PMID: 35293157 PMCID: PMC9034664 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heterozygous KMT2B variants are a common cause of dystonia. A novel synonymous KMT2B variant, c.5073C>T (p.Gly1691=) was identified in an individual with childhood‐onset progressive dystonia. Methods The splicing impact of c.5073C>T was assessed using an in vitro exon‐trapping assay. The genomic region of KMT2B exons 23–26 was cloned into the pSpliceExpress plasmid between exon 2 and 3 of the rat Ins2 gene. The c.5073C>T variant was then introduced through site‐directed mutagenesis. The KMT2B wild‐type and c.5073C>T plasmids were transfected separately into HeLa cells and RNA was extracted 48 hours after transfection. The RNA was reverse transcribed to produce cDNA, which was PCR amplified using primers annealing to the flanking rat Ins2 sequences. Results Sanger sequencing of the PCR products revealed that c.5073C>T caused a novel splice donor site and therefore a 5‐bp deletion of KMT2B exon 23 in mature mRNA, leading to a coding frameshift and premature stop codon (p.Lys1692AsnfsTer7). Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first report of a KMT2B synonymous variant associated with dystonia. Reassessment of synonymous variants may increase diagnostic yield for inherited disorders including monogenic dystonia. This is of clinical importance, given the generally favourable response to deep brain stimulation for KMT2B‐related dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca R Grosz
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen Tisch
- Department of Neurology, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michel C Tchan
- Clinical Genomics, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Genetic Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Victor S C Fung
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul Darveniza
- Department of Neurology, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Avi Fellner
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.,Raphael Recanati Genetics Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Department of Neurology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Manju A Kurian
- Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, London, UK
| | - Alison McLean
- Clinical Genomics, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Susan E Tomlinson
- Department of Neurology, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Renee Smyth
- Clinical Genomics, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sophie Devery
- Clinical Genomics, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kathy H C Wu
- School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Clinical Genomics, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, Australia
| | - Marina L Kennerson
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kishore R Kumar
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.,Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, New South Wales, Australia
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4
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Kumar KR, Cortese A, Tomlinson SE, Efthymiou S, Ellis M, Zhu D, Stoll M, Dominik N, Tisch S, Tchan M, Wu KHC, Devery S, Spring PJ, Hawke S, Cremer P, Ng K, Reilly MM, Nicholson GA, Houlden H, Kennerson M. RFC1 expansions can mimic hereditary sensory neuropathy with cough and Sjögren syndrome. Brain 2021; 143:e82. [PMID: 32949124 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kishore R Kumar
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Neurology Department, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrea Cortese
- Department of Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK.,Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Susan E Tomlinson
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Neurology, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephanie Efthymiou
- Department of Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Melina Ellis
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, NSW, Australia
| | - Danqing Zhu
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marion Stoll
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Natalia Dominik
- Department of Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Stephen Tisch
- Department of Neurology, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michel Tchan
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Genetic Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Kathy H C Wu
- School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical Genomics, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Discipline of Genetic Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sophie Devery
- St Vincent's Clinical Genomics, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Penelope J Spring
- Neurology Department, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon Hawke
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Vascular Immunology Unit Department of Pathology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia.,Central West Neurology and Neurosurgery, Orange, NSW Australia
| | - Phillip Cremer
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Royal North Shore Hospital, Pacific Hwy, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Karl Ng
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Royal North Shore Hospital, Pacific Hwy, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Mary M Reilly
- Department of Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Garth A Nicholson
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Neurology Department, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, NSW, Australia
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Marina Kennerson
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, NSW, Australia
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5
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Austin R, Quinn MCJ, Afoakwah C, Metke-Jimenez A, Leroux H, Atherton J, Brown JS, Wornham LJ, Macciocca I, de Silva MG, Thompson T, Martin EM, Hilton D, Devery S, Wu KHC, Jackson MR, Correnti G, Overkov A, Elbracht-Leong S, Ingles J, Scuffham P, Semsarian C, McGaughran J. Investigation of current models of care for genetic heart disease in Australia: A national clinical audit. Int J Cardiol 2021; 330:128-134. [PMID: 33581180 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This sub-study of the Australian Genomics Cardiovascular Genetic Disorders Flagship sought to conduct the first nation-wide audit in Australia to establish the current practices across cardiac genetics clinics. METHOD An audit of records of patients with a suspected genetic heart disease (cardiomyopathy, primary arrhythmia, autosomal dominant congenital heart disease) who had a cardiac genetics consultation between 1st January 2016 and 31 July 2018 and were offered a diagnostic genetic test. RESULTS This audit included 536 records at multidisciplinary cardiac genetics clinics from 11 public tertiary hospitals across five Australian states. Most genetic consultations occurred in a clinic setting (90%), followed by inpatient (6%) and Telehealth (4%). Queensland had the highest proportion of Telehealth consultations (9% of state total). Sixty-six percent of patients had a clinical diagnosis of a cardiomyopathy, 28% a primary arrhythmia, and 0.7% congenital heart disease. The reason for diagnosis was most commonly as a result of investigations of symptoms (73%). Most patients were referred by a cardiologist (85%), followed by a general practitioner (9%) and most genetic tests were funded by the state Genetic Health Service (73%). Nationally, 29% of genetic tests identified a pathogenic or likely pathogenic gene variant; 32% of cardiomyopathies, 26% of primary arrhythmia syndromes, and 25% of congenital heart disease. CONCLUSION We provide important information describing the current models of care for genetic heart diseases throughout Australia. These baseline data will inform the implementation and impact of whole genome sequencing in the Australian healthcare landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Austin
- Genetic Health Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia; Australian Genomics, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Michael C J Quinn
- Genetic Health Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia; Australian Genomics, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Clifford Afoakwah
- Centre for Applied Health Economics, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | | | - Hugo Leroux
- The Australian e-Health Research Centre, CSIRO, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - John Atherton
- Cardiology Department, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jaye S Brown
- Australian Genomics, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology at Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Linda J Wornham
- Genetic Health Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia; Australian Genomics, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Ivan Macciocca
- Australian Genomics, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Michelle G de Silva
- Australian Genomics, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Tina Thompson
- Australian Genomics, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; Genomic Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Ellenore M Martin
- Australian Genomics, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; Sydney Children's Hospital Network Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Desiree Hilton
- Sydney Children's Hospital Network Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Sophie Devery
- St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Kathy H C Wu
- St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; Disciplines of Medicine and Genomic Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia; School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Matilda R Jackson
- Australian Genomics, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, A SA Pathology and University of South Australia Alliance, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Gemma Correnti
- Australian Genomics, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; Adult Genetics Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Angela Overkov
- Australian Genomics, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; Genetic Services of Western Australia, WA 6008, Australia
| | | | - Jodie Ingles
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology at Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney NSW, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul Scuffham
- Centre for Applied Health Economics, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Christopher Semsarian
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology at Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney NSW, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Julie McGaughran
- Genetic Health Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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6
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Hussain I, Jin RR, Baum HBA, Greenfield JR, Devery S, Xing C, Hegele RA, Carranza-Leon BG, Linton MF, Vuitch F, Wu KHC, Precioso DR, Oshima J, Agarwal AK, Garg A. Multisystem Progeroid Syndrome With Lipodystrophy, Cardiomyopathy, and Nephropathy Due to an LMNA p.R349W Variant. J Endocr Soc 2020; 4:bvaa104. [PMID: 32939435 PMCID: PMC7485795 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvaa104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pathogenic variants in lamin A/C (LMNA) cause a variety of progeroid disorders including Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, mandibuloacral dysplasia, and atypical progeroid syndrome. Six families with 11 patients harboring a pathogenic heterozygous LMNA c.1045C>T; p.R349W variant have been previously reported to have partial lipodystrophy, cardiomyopathy, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), suggesting a distinct progeroid syndrome. Methods We report 6 new patients with a heterozygous LMNA p.R349W variant and review the phenotype of previously reported patients to define their unique characteristics. We also performed functional studies on the skin fibroblasts of a patient to seek the underlying mechanisms of various clinical manifestations. Results Of the total 17 patients, all 14 adults with the heterozygous LMNA p.R349W variant had peculiar lipodystrophy affecting the face, extremities, palms, and soles with variable gain of subcutaneous truncal fat. All of them had proteinuric nephropathy with FSGS documented in 7 of them. Ten developed cardiomyopathy, and 2 of them died early at ages 33 and 45 years. Other common features included premature graying, alopecia, high-pitched voice, micrognathia, hearing loss, and scoliosis. Metabolic complications, including diabetes mellitus, hypertriglyceridemia, and hepatomegaly, were highly prevalent. This variant did not show any abnormal splicing, and no abnormal nuclear morphology was noted in the affected fibroblasts. Conclusions The heterozygous LMNA p.R349W variant in affected individuals has several distinct phenotypic features, and these patients should be classified as having multisystem progeroid syndrome (MSPS). MSPS patients should undergo careful assessment at symptom onset and yearly metabolic, renal, and cardiac evaluation because hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, FSGS, and cardiomyopathy cause major morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iram Hussain
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ruilin Raelene Jin
- Department of Clinical Genomics, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Howard B A Baum
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jerry R Greenfield
- Department of Endocrinology, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Sophie Devery
- Department of Clinical Genomics, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Chao Xing
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Population and Data Sciences, and Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Robert A Hegele
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Barbara G Carranza-Leon
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Macrae F Linton
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Frank Vuitch
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Kathy H C Wu
- Department of Clinical Genomics, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Débora Rossi Precioso
- Physician Sarah Network of Rehabilitation Hospitals (Unit Belo Horizonte), Internal Medicine, Preoperative Outpatient Clinic, Osteometabolism, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Junko Oshima
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Anil K Agarwal
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, and Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Abhimanyu Garg
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, and Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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7
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Abstract
We report the case of a young woman who presented at age 10 years with height on the tenth centile, brachydactyly type E and mild developmental delay. Biochemistry and hormonal profiles were normal. Differential diagnoses considered included Albright hereditary osteodystrophy without hormone resistance (a.k.a pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism), 2q37 microdeletion syndrome and acrodysostosis. She had a normal karyotype and normal FISH of 2q37. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) identified a mutation in the ANKRD11 gene associated with KBG syndrome. We review the clinical features of the genetic syndromes considered, and suggest KBG syndrome be considered in patients presenting with syndromic brachydactyly type E, especially if short stature and developmental delay are also present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Libianto
- Bone Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia; Department of Endocrinology, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Kathy Hc Wu
- Clinical Genomics Unit, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Australia; Discipline of Genetic Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia; School of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia; Genomics and Epigenetics Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sophie Devery
- Clinical Genomics Unit, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Australia
| | - John A Eisman
- Bone Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia; Department of Endocrinology, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Australia; School of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia; School of Medicine Sydney, University of Notre Dame, Australia
| | - Jackie R Center
- Bone Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia; Department of Endocrinology, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Australia; School of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia; School of Medicine Sydney, University of Notre Dame, Australia
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8
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Steel CM, Devery S, Hance SR, Adkins AR, Hitchens PL. Fragmentation of the dorsal distal aspect of the talus on weanling survey and pre-sale radiographs of juvenile Thoroughbreds: prevalence and 2- and 3-year-olds racing performance. Aust Vet J 2019; 97:68-74. [DOI: 10.1111/avj.12787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- CM Steel
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences; The University of Melbourne; 250 Princes Hwy, Werribee Victoria 3030 Australia
| | - S Devery
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences; The University of Melbourne; 250 Princes Hwy, Werribee Victoria 3030 Australia
| | - SR Hance
- Stephen Hance LLC; Oklahoma City; Oklahoma USA
| | - AR Adkins
- Scone Equine Hospital; Scone New South Wales Australia
| | - PL Hitchens
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences; The University of Melbourne; 250 Princes Hwy, Werribee Victoria 3030 Australia
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Combs R, Hall G, Payne K, Lowndes J, Devery S, Downes SM, Moore AT, Ramsden S, Black GCM, McAllister M. Understanding the expectations of patients with inherited retinal dystrophies. Br J Ophthalmol 2013; 97:1057-61. [PMID: 23740962 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2012-302911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND UK genetic ophthalmology services for patients with retinal dystrophy (RD) are variable. Little research exists to define service requirements, or expectations, of patients and their families. This study aimed to explore the views and perceived benefits of genetic ophthalmology services among members of families with RD. METHODS Twenty participants with known RD mutations were recruited through UK genetic ophthalmic clinics. Semistructured qualitative interviews explored interviewees' perceptions of the role of these services. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS Interviewees' expectations and requirements of genetic ophthalmology services were wide-ranging and often perceived to be unmet. Participant expectations were classified in three groups: (1) Medical expectations included obtaining a diagnosis and information about disease/prognosis, genetic risks and research (2) Psychosocial expectations related to participants' need for support in adjusting to RD (3) Practical expectations included the desire for information about welfare and support. CONCLUSIONS Expectations of RD families for clinical services are complex, encompassing a range of healthcare specialties. Services that align to these expectations will need to reach beyond the diagnostic arena and provide practical and psychosocial support. The identification of measurable outcomes will facilitate future development and evaluation of service delivery models. Many of the expectations identified here map to an existing, previously validated, outcomes framework for clinical genetic services. However, an additional outcome domain, labelled 'Independence' was also identified; this could either be specific to vision loss or relate generally to disability caused by genetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Combs
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, MAHSC, Manchester, UK
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Combs R, McAllister M, Payne K, Lowndes J, Devery S, Webster AR, Downes SM, Moore AT, Ramsden S, Black G, Hall G. Understanding the impact of genetic testing for inherited retinal dystrophy. Eur J Hum Genet 2013; 21:1209-13. [PMID: 23403902 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2013.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The capability of genetic technologies is expanding rapidly in the field of inherited eye disease. New genetic testing approaches will deliver a step change in the ability to diagnose and extend the possibility of targeted treatments. However, evidence is lacking about the benefits of genetic testing to support service planning. Here, we report qualitative data about retinal dystrophy families' experiences of genetic testing in United Kingdom. The data were part of a wider study examining genetic eye service provision. Twenty interviewees from families in which a causative mutation had been identified by a genetic eye clinic were recruited to the study. Fourteen interviewees had chosen to have a genetic test and five had not; one was uncertain. In-depth telephone interviews were conducted allowing a thorough exploration of interviewees' views and experiences of the benefits of genetic counselling and testing. Transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. Both affected and unaffected interviewees expressed mainly positive views about genetic testing, highlighting benefits such as diagnostic confirmation, risk information, and better preparation for the future. Negative consequences included the burden of knowledge, moral dilemmas around reproduction, and potential impact on insurance. The offer of genetic testing was often taken up, but was felt unnecessary in some cases. Interviewees in the study reported many benefits, suggesting genetic testing should be available to this patient group. The benefits and risks identified will inform future evaluation of models of service delivery. This research was part of a wider study exploring experiences of families with retinal dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Combs
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Sergouniotis PI, Robson AG, Li Z, Devery S, Holder GE, Moore AT, Webster AR. A phenotypic study of congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) associated with mutations in the GRM6 gene. Acta Ophthalmol 2012; 90:e192-7. [PMID: 22008250 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2011.02267.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the clinical phenotype and the molecular pathology in a group of patients with congenital stationary night blindness due to mutations in GRM6, a gene encoding the ON bipolar metabotropic glutamate receptor 6 (mGluR6). METHODS Nine patients from seven families (age range, 7-75; median, 10 years) with a clinical diagnosis of autosomal recessive complete congenital stationary night blindness were ascertained. Clinical examination, imaging and electrophysiological assessment were performed. The coding region and intron-exon boundaries of GRM6 were sequenced. RESULTS The median visual acuity for the cohort was 0.2 logMAR (range 0-3). Most patients had myopic astigmatism with the median spherical equivalent being -5.375 dioptres (-0.125 to -18.75). Fundoscopy was within normal limits in 15 eyes; there was severe myopic maculopathy in three eyes. Other secondary complications included face turn because of nystagmus and strabismic amblyopia. All patients had electronegative dark-adapted bright white flash electroretinograms (ERGs) consistent with dysfunction occurring postphototransduction. In the two oldest subjects (aged 75 and 58 years), there was additional photoreceptor dysfunction in keeping with myopic degeneration. ON-OFF ERGs showed generalized cone ON bipolar system dysfunction in all five patients tested. Pattern ERG P50 was normal (Ν = 1), subnormal (N = 2) or undetectable (N = 2). Nine mutations in GRM6 were detected in all seven families; six of these changes were novel. CONCLUSIONS The phenotype associated with GRM6 mutation is variable in terms of presentation, refractive error, visual acuity and macular function. ERGs are electronegative and suggest ON-pathway dysfunction.
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Ostergaard P, Simpson MA, Mendola A, Vasudevan P, Connell FC, van Impel A, Moore AT, Loeys BL, Ghalamkarpour A, Onoufriadis A, Martinez-Corral I, Devery S, Leroy JG, van Laer L, Singer A, Bialer MG, McEntagart M, Quarrell O, Brice G, Trembath RC, Schulte-Merker S, Makinen T, Vikkula M, Mortimer PS, Mansour S, Jeffery S. Mutations in KIF11 cause autosomal-dominant microcephaly variably associated with congenital lymphedema and chorioretinopathy. Am J Hum Genet 2012; 90:356-62. [PMID: 22284827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We have identified KIF11 mutations in individuals with syndromic autosomal-dominant microcephaly associated with lymphedema and/or chorioretinopathy. Initial whole-exome sequencing revealed heterozygous KIF11 mutations in three individuals with a combination of microcephaly and lymphedema from a microcephaly-lymphedema-chorioretinal-dysplasia cohort. Subsequent Sanger sequencing of KIF11 in a further 15 unrelated microcephalic probands with lymphedema and/or chorioretinopathy identified additional heterozygous mutations in 12 of them. KIF11 encodes EG5, a homotetramer kinesin motor. The variety of mutations we have found (two nonsense, two splice site, four missense, and six indels causing frameshifts) are all predicted to have an impact on protein function. EG5 has previously been shown to play a role in spindle assembly and function, and these findings highlight the critical role of proteins necessary for spindle formation in CNS development. Moreover, identification of KIF11 mutations in patients with chorioretinopathy and lymphedema suggests that EG5 is involved in the development and maintenance of retinal and lymphatic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Ostergaard
- Medical Genetics Unit, Biomedical Sciences, St. George's University of London, UK
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13
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Subash M, Rotsos T, Wright GA, Devery S, Holder GE, Robson AG, Pal B, Tufail A, Webster AR, Moore AT, Michaelides M. Unilateral vitelliform maculopathy: a comprehensive phenotype study with molecular screening of BEST1 and PRPH2. Br J Ophthalmol 2011; 96:719-22. [PMID: 22174098 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2011-300964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIM To describe the clinical features of a case series of patients with unilateral vitelliform maculopathy and the results of screening BEST1 and PRPH2 for disease-causing mutations. DESIGN/METHODS This was a retrospective case series study of six patients ascertained over a 2-year period. Ophthalmological examination, fundus photography, autofluorescence imaging, optical coherence tomography and detailed electrophysiological assessment were undertaken. Blood samples were taken for DNA extraction and mutation screening of BEST1 and PRPH2 was performed. RESULTS Six patients (3 men and 3 women) with unilateral vitelliform maculopathy were identified, ranging in age from 30 to 68 years. Vision in the affected eye ranged from 20/10 to 20/100. There was no clinical, retinal imaging or electrophysiological evidence of fellow eye involvement. Direct sequencing of BEST1 and PRPH2 did not reveal any disease-causing variants. CONCLUSIONS A case series of patients is reported with an unusual unilateral vitelliform phenotype, often associated with good visual function. The patients do not have the typical characteristics associated with age-related maculopathy or any inherited macular disorders, such as Best vitelliform macular dystrophy. Molecular screening of the candidate genes BEST1 and PRPH2 revealed no mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mala Subash
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
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Mukhopadhyay R, Sergouniotis PI, Mackay DS, Day AC, Wright G, Devery S, Leroy BP, Robson AG, Holder GE, Li Z, Webster AR. A detailed phenotypic assessment of individuals affected by MFRP-related oculopathy. Mol Vis 2010; 16:540-8. [PMID: 20361016 PMCID: PMC2846851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the spectrum of mutations and phenotypic variability within patients with mutations in membrane-type frizzled related protein gene (MFRP). METHODS Individuals were initially ascertained based on a phenotype similar to that previously published in association with MFRP mutations. Affected patients underwent a full ophthalmic examination (best-corrected visual acuity, slit-lamp examination, applanation tonometry, and fundoscopy), color fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, autofluorescence imaging, and electrophysiology. MFRP was identified by a genome-wide scan in the fourth-largest autozygous region in one consanguineous family. Sanger sequencing of all the exons and intron-exon boundaries of MFRP was undertaken in the affected individuals. RESULTS Seven affected individuals from four families were identified as having mutations in MFRP. Patients from two families were homozygous for mutations already previously described (c.1143_1144 insC and c.492 delC), while those from the other two were compound heterozygous for mutations (c.201G>A and c.491_492 insT, and c.492 delC, and c.1622_1625 delTCTG), three of which were novel. There was considerable phenotypic variability within and among families. Autofluorescence imaging revealed the central macula to be relatively well preserved. Foveal cysts and optic nerve head drusen were present in two of the four families. Electrophysiology results showed rod-cone dystrophy with mild to moderate reduction in macular function in all affected members. CONCLUSIONS We report three novel MFRP mutations and expand the phenotypic data available on patients with MFRP mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajarshi Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, UK,Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Panagiotis I. Sergouniotis
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, UK,Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Donna S. Mackay
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, UK
| | | | | | - Sophie Devery
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Bart P. Leroy
- Department of Ophthalmology & Centre for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital & Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anthony G. Robson
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, UK,Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Graham E. Holder
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, UK,Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, UK
| | - Andrew R. Webster
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, UK,Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Li Z, Sergouniotis PI, Michaelides M, Mackay DS, Wright GA, Devery S, Moore AT, Holder GE, Robson AG, Webster AR. Recessive mutations of the gene TRPM1 abrogate ON bipolar cell function and cause complete congenital stationary night blindness in humans. Am J Hum Genet 2009; 85:711-9. [PMID: 19878917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2009] [Revised: 10/01/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Complete congenital stationary night blindness (cCSNB) is associated with loss of function of rod and cone ON bipolar cells in the mammalian retina. In humans, mutations in NYX and GRM6 have been shown to cause the condition. Through the analysis of a consanguineous family and screening of nine additional pedigrees, we have identified three families with recessive mutations in the gene TRPM1 encoding transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 1, also known as melastatin. A number of other variants of unknown significance were found. All patients had myopia, reduced central vision, nystagmus, and electroretinographic evidence of ON bipolar cell dysfunction. None had abnormalities of skin pigmentation, although other skin conditions were reported. RNA derived from human retina and skin was analyzed and alternate 5' exons were determined. The most 5' exon is likely to harbor an initiation codon, and the protein sequence is highly conserved across vertebrate species. These findings suggest an important role of this specific cation channel for the normal function of ON bipolar cells in the human retina.
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Smith M, Fawcett S, Sigalas E, Bell R, Devery S, Andrieska N, Winship I. Familial breast cancer: double heterozygosity for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations with differing phenotypes. Fam Cancer 2007; 7:119-24. [PMID: 17636421 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-007-9154-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2007] [Accepted: 06/13/2007] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The co-existence of mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes is unusual, and to date almost all cases reported have had at least one of the Ashkenazi founder mutations. We report on a family in whom individuals are double heterozygotes for a mutation in BRCA1 and a novel splice site mutation in BRCA2. The phenotypes are discordant, where one sister has had multiple cancers in the BRCA spectrum, while the other is unaffected at 65 years of age. The utility of testing is discussed, and the completion of diagnostic testing despite the finding of a potentially causal mutation is validated.
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Devery S, Tomkins P. Detection of selective genotoxicants by single cell gel electrophoresis and mutation screening assays. Toxicol Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4274(98)80146-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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