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Althoff FC, Schäfer LV, Acker F, Aguinarte L, Heinzen S, Rost M, Atmaca A, Rosery V, Alt J, Waller CF, Reinmuth N, Rohde G, Saalfeld FC, Becker von Rose A, Möller M, Frost N, Sebastian M, Stratmann JA. Survival benefit with checkpoint inhibitors versus chemotherapy is modified by brain metastases in patients with recurrent small cell lung cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1273478. [PMID: 37810988 PMCID: PMC10556470 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1273478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a rapidly growing malignancy with early distant metastases. Up to 70% will develop brain metastases, and the poor prognosis of these patients has not changed considerably. The potential of checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) in treating recurrent (r/r) SCLC and their effect on brain metastases remain unclear. Methods In this retrospective multicenter study, we analyzed r/r SCLC patients receiving second or further-line CPI versus chemotherapy between 2010 and 2020. We applied multivariable-adjusted Cox regression analysis to test for differences in 1-year mortality and real-world progression. We then used interaction analysis to evaluate whether brain metastases (BM) and/or cranial radiotherapy (CRT) modified the effect of CPI versus chemotherapy on overall survival. Results Among 285 patients, 99 (35%) received CPI and 186 (65%) patients received chemotherapy. Most patients (93%) in the CPI group received nivolumab/ipilimumab. Chemotherapy patients were entirely CPI-naïve and only one CPI patient had received atezolizumab for first-line treatment. CPI was associated with a lower risk of 1-year mortality (adjusted Hazard Ratio [HRadj] 0.59, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.82, p=0.002). This benefit was modified by BM and CRT, indicating a pronounced effect in patients without BM (with CRT: HRadj 0.34, p=0.003; no CRT: HRadj 0.50, p=0.05), while there was no effect in patients with BM who received CRT (HRadj 0.85, p=0.59). Conclusion CPI was associated with a lower risk of 1-year mortality compared to chemotherapy. However, the effect on OS was significantly modified by intracranial disease and radiotherapy, suggesting the benefit was driven by patients without BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike C. Althoff
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hematology, Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lisa V. Schäfer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hematology, Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Fabian Acker
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hematology, Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lukas Aguinarte
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hematology, Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sophie Heinzen
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hematology, Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Maximilian Rost
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hematology, Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Akin Atmaca
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Krankenhaus Nordwest, University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT)-University Cancer Center, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Vivian Rosery
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Medicine Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Alt
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology, Oncology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Cornelius F. Waller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Haematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Freiburg University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Niels Reinmuth
- Department of Oncology, Asklepios Clinic München-Gauting, Gauting, Germany
| | - Gernot Rohde
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Medical Clinik 1, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Felix C. Saalfeld
- Department for Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technical University of Munich (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Aaron Becker von Rose
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Miriam Möller
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Martha - Maria Hospital Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Nikolaj Frost
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Sebastian
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hematology, Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jan A. Stratmann
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hematology, Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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Stratmann JA, Acker F, Aspacher L, Alt J, Althoff FC, Heinzen S, Gökbuget N, Müller I, Reiser L, Hehn S, Serve H, Mänz M, Meyer F, Sebastian M. Additional chemotherapy for EGFRm patients with the continued presence of plasma ctDNA EGFRm at week 3 after start of osimertinib first-line treatment (PACE). J Clin Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.tps9157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TPS9157 Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) – mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is susceptible to EGFR targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), such as the third generation TKI osimertinib. However, response rate and duration vary between patients. Among others, the specific subtype of EGFR-mutation, its co-occurrence with other genetic alterations, and the detection of phosphorylated EGFR (pEGFR) in the plasma, and its clearance upon treatment were previously identified as markers that predict therapy response. A high proportion of patients with early (3-6 weeks after start) pEGFR clearance from plasma show impressive survival upon single-agent TKI. However, failure to achieve early clearance upon Osimertinib is associated with unfavorable outcome. For these patients, treatment concepts are lacking. Here, we report about the initiation of a clinical trial that evaluates the combination of EGFR-directed TKI and platinum-based chemotherapy as an early treatment escalation strategy for this high-risk patient population. Methods: PACE is a prospective multicenter single-arm investigator-initiated phase II trial. Patients with NSCLC harboring L858R or del19 EGFR mutation, who are treated with first-line Osimertinib are subjected to liquid biopsy-based early response assessment three weeks after start of therapy. Failure to clear pEGFR from plasma at this time point triggers treatment escalation with the addition of platinum-based doublet chemotherapy to the Osimertinib treatment. The primary outcome measure of the trial is progression-free survival (PFS), with the objective to assess the efficacy of biomarker-driven escalation of osimertinib therapy with a combination platinum-based regimen. Secondary outcome measures are the overall response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS), and the Quality of life (QLQ-C30, CTCAE-PROs) of the treated patients. In exploratory analyses, we will assess whether specific patterns of co-mutations are associated with early treatment failure (upon TKI) and pEGFR persistence. Fig. 1 illustrates the trial concept. A sample of 46 subjects achieves 80% power at a 0.05 significance level to detect a PFS of 14.4 months in the experimental treatment group when the PFS of the historic control group is 9.1 months; a total of 400 patients need to be screened within the national Network Genomic Medicine. Enrollment started in 12/2021. The clinical trial is supported by AstraZeneca and Guardant. EudraCT registration number: 2019-004757-88 .
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabian Acker
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lukas Aspacher
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Juergen Alt
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Friederike C Althoff
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sophie Heinzen
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nicola Gökbuget
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ina Müller
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lena Reiser
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sina Hehn
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hubert Serve
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Martin Mänz
- CORBIN Research GmbH, Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frauke Meyer
- CORBIN Clinical Oncology Resources Berlin GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Sebastian
- University Hospital, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Frankfurt, Germany
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Camejo N, Gonzalez V, Castillo C, Delgado L, Ferrero L, Fresco R, Santander GK, Aguiar S, Heinzen S, Martinez A, Meyer C, Sena G, Spera G, Ubillos L, Xavier F, Rodriguez R, Sabini G. Survival analysis of breast cancer subtypes assessed by hormone receptors and HER2 tumor expression in Uruguayan women with operable breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.e21064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Delgado LB, Fresco R, Santander G, Aguiar S, Camejo N, Ferrero L, González V, Heinzen S, Martinez A, Sabini G. HER-2, Hormone Receptors, and clinicopathologic characteristics in Uruguayan breast cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e22202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e22202 Background: Few Latin-American studies and none Uruguayan study have evaluated HER-2, estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) in breast cancer (BC). The purpose of the study was to investigate the frequency of these markers and the relationship between them and with clinicopathologic features in Uruguayan BC patients (pts). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed clinical records from pts who underwent curative surgery for stage I-III invasive BC at the Oncology Units of 4 institutions in Montevideo between march 2006 and march 2008. We obtained the following data: age, TNM, ER/PR status by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and HER2 status by IHC and FISH in HER2 IHC 2+. Fisher's exact test was used to analyze the data. Results: 427 pts were included. Median age was 60 years-old (range: 24–93 y), postmenopausal 75%, stages: I 33%, II 42%, III 23%, unknown 2%. ER/PR status was known in 94,6% of cases: ER+/PR+ 66,1%, ER+/PR- 11,1%, ER-/PR+ 3,5%, ER-/PR- 19,3%. HER2 status was known in 47% (199/427) of cases, being positive (IHC 3+ or FISH+) in 13.6%. Triple negative tumors were found in 32 of 199 pts (16%). HER2 was positive in 8% of pts with ER+ and/or PR+ tumors, and in 18% of pts with ER-PR- disease (p=0.08). We did not find a significant association between axillary lymph node status and HER2 status. Besides, triple negative BC did not correlate with axillary lymph node status. When analized by menopausal status, the frequency of triple negative pts was 14% in the premenopausal group and 4% in the postmenopausal group (p=0.005). In addition, the rate of triple negative BC was 0% in pts with histologic grade 1 and 10% in pts with histologic grade 2–3 (p = 0.0005). Conclusions: Our data from Uruguayan pts show a lower prevalence of HER2 positive but a similar prevalence of ER+ and PR+ operable BC than the prevalence reported in most American and European studies. In accordance with previous reports, triple negative BC correlated with younger age and higher histologic grade. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. B. Delgado
- Hospital de Clínicas, Montevideo, Uruguay; Hospital Central de las Fuerzas Armadas, Montevideo, Uruguay; Instituto Nacional del Cáncer, Montevideo, Uruguay; CASMU, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - R. Fresco
- Hospital de Clínicas, Montevideo, Uruguay; Hospital Central de las Fuerzas Armadas, Montevideo, Uruguay; Instituto Nacional del Cáncer, Montevideo, Uruguay; CASMU, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - G. Santander
- Hospital de Clínicas, Montevideo, Uruguay; Hospital Central de las Fuerzas Armadas, Montevideo, Uruguay; Instituto Nacional del Cáncer, Montevideo, Uruguay; CASMU, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - S. Aguiar
- Hospital de Clínicas, Montevideo, Uruguay; Hospital Central de las Fuerzas Armadas, Montevideo, Uruguay; Instituto Nacional del Cáncer, Montevideo, Uruguay; CASMU, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - N. Camejo
- Hospital de Clínicas, Montevideo, Uruguay; Hospital Central de las Fuerzas Armadas, Montevideo, Uruguay; Instituto Nacional del Cáncer, Montevideo, Uruguay; CASMU, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - L. Ferrero
- Hospital de Clínicas, Montevideo, Uruguay; Hospital Central de las Fuerzas Armadas, Montevideo, Uruguay; Instituto Nacional del Cáncer, Montevideo, Uruguay; CASMU, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - V. González
- Hospital de Clínicas, Montevideo, Uruguay; Hospital Central de las Fuerzas Armadas, Montevideo, Uruguay; Instituto Nacional del Cáncer, Montevideo, Uruguay; CASMU, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - S. Heinzen
- Hospital de Clínicas, Montevideo, Uruguay; Hospital Central de las Fuerzas Armadas, Montevideo, Uruguay; Instituto Nacional del Cáncer, Montevideo, Uruguay; CASMU, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - A. Martinez
- Hospital de Clínicas, Montevideo, Uruguay; Hospital Central de las Fuerzas Armadas, Montevideo, Uruguay; Instituto Nacional del Cáncer, Montevideo, Uruguay; CASMU, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - G. Sabini
- Hospital de Clínicas, Montevideo, Uruguay; Hospital Central de las Fuerzas Armadas, Montevideo, Uruguay; Instituto Nacional del Cáncer, Montevideo, Uruguay; CASMU, Montevideo, Uruguay
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