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Shirley H, Orriols A, Hogan D, Chimfwembe K, Balya A, Sibbuku K, Lardizabal J, Tillotson S, Coombs PE, Wamai R. Lymphatic filariasis in Zambia: A scoping review protocol. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292237. [PMID: 37792737 PMCID: PMC10550120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zambia is among the countries making major progress in limiting cases of the neglected tropical disease lymphatic filariasis on the path to reaching global elimination targets. For this trend to continue, it is essential for strategies and policies targeting the disease in Zambia to be based on the most recent and relevant literature. The scope of research on lymphatic filariasis in the Zambian context is currently poorly understood. Therefore, this study describes a scoping review protocol which will be used to analyze the body of literature on lymphatic filariasis in Zambia. METHODS The scoping review protocol was developed following the PRISMA reporting guidelines for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) and the JBI Scoping Review Methodology Group's guidance on conducting scoping reviews. In consultation with a research librarian, these guidelines will be applied to a literature search of articles from peer-reviewed journals, or government and international regulatory bodies using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL, WHO ICTRP, Pan African Clinical Trials Registry, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Each record will be screened at the abstract and full-text level by two independent reviewers, and results reported via summary statistics. DISCUSSION Understanding the current state of research on lymphatic filariasis in Zambia will identify major knowledge and intervention gaps in this context, and serve as a source of information for surrounding countries in the region. As the disease prevalence drops, efforts for elimination will require carefully targeted strategies which can be informed from the literature identified in this protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh Shirley
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- African Center for Community Investment in Health, Nginyang, Baringo County, Kenya
- Climate, Obstetrics, Anesthesia, and Surgery Team (COAST), Program for Global Surgery and Social Change (PGSSC), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Adrienne Orriols
- African Center for Community Investment in Health, Nginyang, Baringo County, Kenya
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Dylan Hogan
- College of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Janelle Lardizabal
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, College of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Sophie Tillotson
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Philip Espinola Coombs
- Department of Research & Instruction, Northeastern University Library, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Richard Wamai
- African Center for Community Investment in Health, Nginyang, Baringo County, Kenya
- Department of Cultures, Societies and Global Studies, College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Integrated Initiative for Global Health, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Global and Public Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Federal Ministry of Health, Lagos, Nigeria
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Laches RE, Tillotson S, Kaufman E, As Sayaideh M. Extremely Elevated Creatine Kinase in COVID-19-Associated Rhabdomyolysis. Cureus 2023; 15:e45448. [PMID: 37727837 PMCID: PMC10506368 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyolysis is a condition characterized by the destruction of skeletal muscle cells with the release of myoglobin and creatine kinase into the blood. Viral infections such as influenza and Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) have been associated with rhabdomyolysis with varying degrees of morbidity and mortality. We present the case of a male in his early thirties who was diagnosed with rhabdomyolysis associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection who developed excessively high creatine kinase levels, peaking at 1,650,000 U/L. He was treated with IV fluids and made a complete recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erin Kaufman
- Internal Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
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Abstract
Following the introduction 30 years ago of neonatal screening and early dietary treatment for phenylketonuria there has been a dramatic decrease in the severity of neurological dysfunction associated with this disorder. However, there is evidence that subtle neurological impairment remains common in early treated subjects and in the last 3 years there have been a number of reports of overt neurological impairment with white matter abnormalities on MRI. The frequency of white matter changes in phenylketonuria, and the relation of these changes to dietary management, have remained unclear. The present study examines MRI findings in 34 subjects aged 8-33 years. Twenty-five subjects had been detected by routine neonatal screening and nine had been missed in the screening programme. At the time of the investigation 16 of the early treated and two of the late treated subjects were still receiving a diet low in phenylalanine. All but two of the 34 subjects showed abnormalities on MRI. In the early diagnosed group it could be shown that the severity of MRI changes (graded 1-5) was significantly and independently associated with phenylalanine concentrations at the time of investigation and the time since dietary treatment had been withdrawn. These data are consistent with studies in animals showing that hyperphenylalaninaemia increases myelin turnover in a dose dependent manner. It is suggested that the effects of phenylalanine on myelin pose a lifelong hazard to the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Thompson
- Institute of Neurology, University College, London, UK
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