Malcher A, Jedrzejczak P, Stokowy T, Monem S, Nowicka-Bauer K, Zimna A, Czyzyk A, Maciejewska-Jeske M, Meczekalski B, Bednarek-Rajewska K, Wozniak A, Rozwadowska N, Kurpisz M. Novel Mutations Segregating with Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome and their Molecular Characteristics.
Int J Mol Sci 2019;
20:ijms20215418. [PMID:
31671693 PMCID:
PMC6861889 DOI:
10.3390/ijms20215418]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We analyzed three cases of Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (CAIS) and report three hitherto undisclosed causes of the disease. RNA-Seq, Real-timePCR, Western immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry were performed with the aim of characterizing the disease-causing variants. In case No.1, we have identified a novel androgen receptor (AR) mutation (c.840delT) within the first exon in the N-terminal transactivation domain. This thymine deletion resulted in a frameshift and thus introduced a premature stop codon at amino acid 282. In case No.2, we observed a nonsynonymous mutation in the ligand-binding domain (c.2491C>T). Case No.3 did not reveal AR mutation; however, we have found a heterozygous mutation in CYP11A1 gene, which has a role in steroid hormone biosynthesis. Comparative RNA-Seq analysis of CAIS and control revealed 4293 significantly deregulated genes. In patients with CAIS, we observed a significant increase in the expression levels of PLCXD3, TM4SF18, CFI, GPX8, and SFRP4, and a significant decrease in the expression of SPATA16, TSACC, TCP10L, and DPY19L2 genes (more than 10-fold, p < 0.05). Our findings will be helpful in molecular diagnostics of patients with CAIS, as well as the identified genes could be also potential biomarkers for the germ cells differentiation process.
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