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Hawlader MDH, Rashid MU, Khan MAS, Ara T, Nabi MH, Haque MMA, Matin KF, Hossain MA, Rahman MA, Hossian M, Saha S, Manna RM, Arafat MY, Barsha SY, Maliha R, Khan JZ, Kha S, Hasan SMR, Hasan M, Siddiquea SR, Khan J, Islam AMK, Rashid R, Nur N, Khalid O, Bari F, Rahman ML. Quality of life of COVID-19 recovered patients in Bangladesh. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257421. [PMID: 34644332 PMCID: PMC8513834 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) quickly surged the whole world and affected people's physical, mental, and social health thereby upsetting their quality of life. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the quality of life (QoL) of COVID-19 positive patients after recovery in Bangladesh. This was a study of adult (aged ≥18 years) COVID-19 individuals from eight divisions of Bangladesh diagnosed and confirmed by Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) from June 2020 to November 2020. Given a response rate of 60% in a pilot study, a random list of 6400 COVID-19 patients was generated to recruit approximately 3200 patients from eight divisions of Bangladesh and finally a total of 3244 participants could be recruited for the current study. The validated Bangla version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire was used to assess the QoL. Data were analyzed by STATA (Version 16.1) and R (Version 4.0.0). All the procedures were conducted following ethical approval and in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The mean scores of QoL were highest for the physical domain (68.25±14.45) followed by social (65.10±15.78), psychological (63.28±15.48), and environmental domain (62.77±13.07). Psychological and physical domain scores among females were significantly lower than the males (p<0.001). The overall quality of life was lower in persons having a chronic disease. Participants over 45 years of age were 52% less likely to enjoy good physical health than the participants aged below 26 years (AOR: 0.48, CI: 0.28-0.82). The quality of life of employed participants was found 1.8 times higher than the unemployed (AOR: 1.80, CI: 1.11-2.91). Those who were admitted to hospitals during infection had a low QoL score in physical, psychological, and socials domains. However, QoL improved in all aspect except the psychological domain for each day passed after the diagnosis. These findings call for a focus on the quality of life of the COVID-19 affected population, with special emphasis given to females, older adults, unemployed, and people with comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md. Utba Rashid
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division (NCSD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B), Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abdullah Saeed Khan
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Pi Research Consultancy Center, Lalbagh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- * E-mail:
| | - Tasnim Ara
- Institute of Statistical Research and Training (ISRT), University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | - Mohammad Ali Hossain
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Ibn Sina Medical College Hospital, Kallyanpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mahfil Ara Rahman
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Centre for Injury Prevention & Research Bangladesh, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mosharop Hossian
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shuvajit Saha
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Projahnmo Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md. Yeasin Arafat
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sabrina Yesmin Barsha
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Ibn Sina Medical College Hospital, Kallyanpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ramisha Maliha
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jeba Zaman Khan
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Soumik Kha
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division (NCSD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B), Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mehedi Hasan
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Joyeeta Khan
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Rubaya Rashid
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Naima Nur
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Omar Khalid
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fatiha Bari
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Lutfor Rahman
- Institute of Statistical Research and Training (ISRT), University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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