A Case of Borderline Tuberculoid Leprosy With Type One Lepra Reaction

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, which primarily affects the skin and peripheral nerves. The variants that can be identified include tuberculoid (TT), borderline tuberculoid (BT), mid-borderline (BB), borderline lepromatous (BL), and lepromatous forms (LL). Type one lepra reactions are delayed hypersensitivity reactions that are often observed in borderline variants due to an unstable immunological response. They can exacerbate skin lesions and neuritis, leading to a higher risk of disabilities and deformities. Early detection and management would play a major role in limiting morbidity. Here, we present a case of a 46-year-old male diagnosed with borderline tuberculoid leprosy on multidrug therapy who developed features suggestive of type one lepra reaction. Early recognition of this entity helps in mitigating the risk of permanent nerve damage, disability, deformity, and morbidity.

Toxicokinetics of parathion and paraoxon in rainbow trout after intravascular administration and water exposure

Fish are less sensitive than mammals to organophosphate insecticide toxicity. The species differences have been mainly investigated by biochemical studies of AChE and organophosphate interaction. To examine whether species differences in the toxicokinetics of the organophosphate insecticides were also involved in their differential toxicity, rainbow trout were fitted with a dorsal aorta cannula and administered parathion and its active metabolite paraoxon intraarterially (ia) and via water exposure. Serial blood samples were removed and the plasma concentrations of parathion and paraoxon were determined by capillary GC with EC detection. Plasma protein binding was determined by equilibrium dialysis and ultrafiltration. After ia injection the plasma concentration-time profiles of parathion and paraoxon were multiexponential, with a terminal t1/2 of 56.1 and 0.528 hr. The steady-state volumes of distribution and total body clearances (CLb) for parathion and paraoxon were 1370 and 1080 ml kg-1 and 21.4 and 3020 ml hr-1 kg-1; the plasma unbound fractions were 1.23 and 52.5%. The large difference in CLb between parathion and paraoxon appeared to result primarily from differences in plasma protein binding. Parathion had greater persistence in trout than rat, suggesting that sensitivity difference were unrelated to toxicokinetic differences.