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Antonius A, Pazla R, Putri EM, Negara W, Laia N, Ridla M, Suharti S, Jayanegara A, Asmairicen S, Marlina L, Marta Y. Effectiveness of herbal plants on rumen fermentation, methane gas emissions, in vitro nutrient digestibility, and population of protozoa. Vet World 2023; 16:1477-1488. [PMID: 37621549 PMCID: PMC10446706 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1477-1488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Herbal plants have the potential to reduce the population of metagonic bacteria and protozoa due to the bioactive compound contained in herbal plants. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of herbal plant supplementation on rumen fermentation characteristics, methane (CH4) gas emissions, in vitro nutrient digestibility, and protozoan populations. Materials and Methods This study consisted of two stages. Stage I involved determining the potential of herbal plants to increase total gas production (Orskov and McDonald methods) and reduce the protozoan population (Hristov method). Three potential herbs were selected at this stage and used in Stage II as supplements in the palm kernel cake (PKC)-based diet (30% herbal plants + 70% PKC). Proximate and Van Soest analyses were used to determine the chemical composition. In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), organic matter (IVOMD), and rumen fermentation characteristics were determined using Theodorous method. Conway microdiffusion was used to determine ammonia concentration (NH3). Gas chromatography was used to determine the total and partial volatile fatty acid production. Results The results of the first stage showed that seven herbal plants (Moringa oleifera, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, Clerodendron serratum, Curcuma longa Linn., Urena lobata, Uncaria, and Parkia timoriana) significantly differed in terms of total gas production (p < 0.05). Herbal plants can increase gas production and reduce protozoan populations. The highest total gas production was observed using P. timoriana, M. oleifera, and C. longa Linn. Moringa oleifera plants were the most effective in lowering protozoa population. In Stage 2, the supplementation of herbal plants in PKC-based-diet significantly increased IVDMD, that was ranged from 56.72% to 65.77%, IVOMD that was ranged from 52.10% to 59.54%, and NH3, that was ranged from 13.20 mM to 17.91 mM. Volatile fatty acid partial and total gas production potential and CH4 gas emissions were also significantly different from those of the control (p < 0.05). Conclusion Supplementation of M. oleifera, C. longa Linn., and P. timoriana in ruminant diet effectively increased total gas production, IVDMD percentage, and IVOMD, and reduced CH4 gas emissions and protozoa populations during rumen fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonius Antonius
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Jakarta Bogor Cibinong, 16915, Indonesia
| | - Roni Pazla
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Andalas University, Jl. Limau Manis, Padang, 25163, Indonesia
| | - Ezi Masdia Putri
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Jakarta Bogor Cibinong, 16915, Indonesia
| | - Windu Negara
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Jakarta Bogor Cibinong, 16915, Indonesia
| | - Nursanti Laia
- State community Academy Nias Utara, Jl Lolofoso Lotu Kab. Nias Utara, 22853, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Ridla
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Jl. Agatis Kampus IPB Dramaga Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Sri Suharti
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Jl. Agatis Kampus IPB Dramaga Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Anuraga Jayanegara
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Jl. Agatis Kampus IPB Dramaga Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Sharli Asmairicen
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Jakarta Bogor Cibinong, 16915, Indonesia
| | - Leni Marlina
- Research Center for Agroindustry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN). Jl. Puspitek Tangerang Selatan, 15314, Indonesia
| | - Yoselanda Marta
- Center for Breeding Superior Livestock and Forage for Animal Feed Padang Mengatas, Jl. Raya Payakumbuh-Lintau, KM.9 Pekan Sabtu, Payakumbuh, 26201, Indonesia
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Putra LO, Suharti S, Sarwono KA, Sutikno S, Fitri A, Astuti WD, Rohmatussolihat R, Widyastuti Y, Ridwan R, Fidriyanto R, Wiryawan KG. The effects of heat-moisture treatment on resistant starch levels in cassava and on fermentation, methanogenesis, and microbial populations in ruminants. Vet World 2023; 16:811-819. [PMID: 37235161 PMCID: PMC10206961 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.811-819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Resistant starch (RS) is difficult to digest in the digestive tract. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of heat-moisture treatment (HMT) on RS in cassava and examined its impact on rumen fermentation. Materials and Methods Cassava flour was used as a raw material and used in a randomized block design with four different cycles of HMT as the treatments and four different rumen incubations in vitro as blocks. Treatments included: HMT0: without HMT (control), HMT1: one HMT cycle, HMT2: two HMT cycles, and HMT3: three HMT cycles. Heat-moisture treatment processes were performed at 121°C for 15 min and then freezing at -20°C for 6 h. Analyzed HMT cassava starch characteristics included components, digestibility, and physicochemical properties. In in vitro rumen fermentation studies (48 h incubation) using HMT cassava, digestibility, gas production, methane, fermentation profiles, and microbial population assessments were performed. Results Heat-moisture treatment significantly reduced (p < 0.05) starch, amylopectin, rapidly digestible starch (RDS), and slowly digestible starch levels. In contrast, amylose, reducing sugars, very RDS, RS, and protein digestion levels were significantly increased (p < 0.05). Additionally, a reduced crystallinity index and an increased amorphous index were observed in starch using Fourier-transform infrared analyses, while a change in crystalline type from type A to type B, along with a reduction in crystallinity degree, was observed in X-ray diffraction analyses. Heat-moisture treatment significantly (p < 0.05) reduced rumen dry matter (DM) degradation, gas production, methane (CH4 for 12 h), volatile fatty acid (VFA), and propionate levels. In addition, acetate, butyrate, and acetate/propionate ratios, as well as population of Streptococcus bovis and Bacteroides were significantly increased (p < 0.05). However, pH, ammonia, and organic matter digestibility were unaffected (p > 0.05) by HMT. Conclusion Cassava HMT altered starch characteristics, significantly increased RS, which appeared to limit rumen digestion activity, decreased rumen DM degradation, gas production, VFAs, and CH4 production for 12 h, but increased S. bovis and Bacteroides levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Legi Okta Putra
- Study Program of Nutrition and Feed Science, Graduate School of IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Sri Suharti
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Ki Ageng Sarwono
- Research Center for Applied Zoology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - Sutikno Sutikno
- Research Center for Applied Zoology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - Ainissya Fitri
- Research Center for Applied Zoology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - Wulansih Dwi Astuti
- Research Center for Applied Zoology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - Rohmatussolihat Rohmatussolihat
- Study Program of Nutrition and Feed Science, Graduate School of IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
- Research Center for Applied Zoology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - Yantyati Widyastuti
- Research Center for Applied Zoology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - Roni Ridwan
- Research Center for Applied Zoology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - Rusli Fidriyanto
- Study Program of Nutrition and Feed Science, Graduate School of IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
- Research Center for Applied Zoology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Indonesia
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Susanto I, Wiryawan KG, Suharti S, Retnani Y, Zahera R, Jayanegara A. Evaluation of Megasphaera elsdenii supplementation on rumen fermentation, production performance, carcass traits and health of ruminants: A meta-analysis. Anim Biosci 2023; 36:879-890. [PMID: 36634661 PMCID: PMC10164541 DOI: 10.5713/ab.22.0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was conducted to evaluate the use of Megasphaera elsdenii as a probiotic on rumen fermentation, production performance, carcass traits and health of ruminants by integrating data from various related studies using meta-analysis. Methods A total of 32 studies (consisted of 136 data points) were obtained and integrated into a database. The parameters integrated were fermentation products, rumen microbes, production performance, carcass quality, animal health, blood and urine metabolites. Statistical analysis of the compiled database used a mixed model methodology. Different studies were considered random effects, while M. elsdenii supplementation doses were considered fixed effects. P-values and the Akaike information criterion were employed as model statistics. The model was deemed significant at p < 0.05 or had a tendency to be significant when p-value between 0.05 < p < 0.10. Results Supplementation with M. elsdenii increased (p<0.05) some proportion of fermented rumen products such as propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate, and valerate, and significantly reduced (p<0.05) lactic acid concentration, acetate proportion, total bacterial population and methane emission. Furthermore, the probiotic supplementation enhanced (p<0.05) livestock production performance, especially in the average daily gain and body condition score. Regarding the carcass quality, hot carcass weight and carcass gain were elevated (p<0.05) due to the M. elsdenii supplementation. Animal health also showed improvement as indicated by the lower (p<0.05) diarrhoea and bloat incidences as well as the liver abscess. However, M. elsdenii supplementation had negligible effects on blood and urine metabolites of ruminants. Conclusion Supplementation of M. elsdenii is capable of decreasing ruminal lactic acid concentration, enhancing rumen health, elevating some favourable rumen fermentation products, and in turn, increasing production performance of ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irwan Susanto
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia.,Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling (AFENUE) Research Group, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Komang G Wiryawan
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Sri Suharti
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Yuli Retnani
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Rika Zahera
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia.,Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling (AFENUE) Research Group, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Anuraga Jayanegara
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia.,Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling (AFENUE) Research Group, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
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Haidir H, Wibowo G, Suharti S, Priono A. Implementasi Pembinaan Religiusitas Siswa di SMA Muhammadiyah 3 Medan. DIVERSITA 2022. [DOI: 10.31289/diversita.v8i2.4890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pembinaan religiusitas di kalangan generasi muda atau remaja perlu mendapatkan perhatian yang serius dan menjadi skala prioritas yang harus direalisasikan secara serentak oleh seluruh pihak. Masalah pokok yang sangat menonjol berkenaan dengan religiusitas di kalangan para remaja dewasa ini adalah kaburnya nilai- nilai moral di mata generasi muda. Mereka dihadapkan pada berbagai kontradiksi dan aneka ragam pengalaman moral, yang menyebabkan mereka bingung untuk memilih mana yang benar dan mana yang salah. Hal ini tampak jelas pada usia remaja. Pembinaan religusitas siswa di sekolah pada hakikatnya adalah mewujudkan nilai-nilai agama sebagai tradisi berperilaku yang diikuti oleh siswa maupun warga sekolah lainya. Untuk menanamkan nilai-nilai dalam membina religiusitas siswa di sekolah dapat dilakukan dengan beberapa metode, antara lain melalui keteladanan, pembiasaan dan pemberian nasehat oleh pendidikan di sekolah. Penelitian ini pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan deskriptif naratif dan rancangan studi penelitian lapangan. Pada penelitian ini data diambil dengan menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi sebagai alat pengumpulan data dari sumber data primer maupun sekunder. Data bersumber dari guru pembina religiusitas di SMA Muhammadiyah 3 Medan. Pengambilan data penelitian ini dengan cara melakukan wawancara yang mendalam. Hasil penelitian yang peneliti temukan adalah 1). Proses pembinaan religius dilakukan oleh guru pembina religius yakni melalui beberapa proses yang diantaranya ialah: a).Guru memberikan keteladanan kepada siswa, b) Guru meningkatkan keimanan siswa dengan selalu merutinkan berbagai aktifitas religius, c). Guru selalu memberi semangat dan nasehat kepada siswa. Dengan adanya proses kegiatan itu, siswa memiliki religiusitas yang mempuni. 2) Dan menurut hasil penelitian yang peneliti lakukan dari proses pembinaan yang dilakukan oleh guru, maka dengan segala usaha dan kerja keras, religius yang dimiliki siswa akan terwujud dengan siswa itu selalu ikut dalam kegiatan keagamaan yang dilakukan oleh pihak Sekolah, dan itu diikuti dengan penuh keikhlasan dan jiwa yang tenang.
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Harahap RP, Suharti S, Ridla M, Laconi EB, Nahrowi N, Irawan A, Kondo M, Obitsu T, Jayanegara A. Meta-analysis of dietary chitosan effects on performance, nutrient utilization, and product characteristics of ruminants. Anim Sci J 2022; 93:e13676. [PMID: 35028997 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan (CHI) has been used as a feed additive in ruminant diets, but the effects obtained to date have been varied. This study aimed to evaluate the dietary addition of CHI on performance, nutrient utilization, and product characteristics of ruminants by using a meta-analysis approach. A total of 15 articles that composed of 21 studies and 57 data points were included in the database. Number of articles reported the effects of dietary CHI addition were six on beef cattle, seven on dairy cows, and two papers on sheep. Data analysis was based on the mixed model methodology, in which CHI addition levels were considered as fixed effects whereas different studies were treated as random effects. Results revealed that, across various studies, CHI decreased ruminal acetate proportion (p < 0.05) and increased propionate proportion (p < 0.01). Dry matter and crude protein digestibility were elevated due to CHI addition (p < 0.05). CHI decreased blood cholesterol level (p < 0.05) and increased monounsaturated fatty acid proportion in the milk (p < 0.05). However, CHI addition had no effect on dry matter intake, milk production, and milk efficiency of ruminants. In conclusion, CHI is able to modify rumen fermentation towards a favorable direction, but it limitedly affects performance of ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhmad P Harahap
- Study Program of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanjungpura University, Pontianak, Indonesia.,Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling Research Group (AFENUE), Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia.,Graduate Study Program of Nutrition and Feed Science, Graduate School of IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Sri Suharti
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Ridla
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Erika B Laconi
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Nahrowi Nahrowi
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Agung Irawan
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling Research Group (AFENUE), Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia.,Vocational Program in Animal Husbandry, Vocational School, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Animal and Rangeland Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Makoto Kondo
- Department of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Taketo Obitsu
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Anuraga Jayanegara
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling Research Group (AFENUE), Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia.,Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
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Harahap RP, Setiawan D, Nahrowi N, Suharti S, Obitsu T, Jayanegara A. Enteric Methane Emissions and Rumen Fermentation Profile Treated by Dietary Chitosan: A Meta-Analysis of In Vitro Experiments. Trop Anim Sci J 2020. [DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2020.43.3.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Astuti D, Anggraeny A, Khotijah L, Suharti S, Jayanegara A. Performance, Physiological Status, and Rumen Fermentation Profiles of Pre- and Post-Weaning Goat Kids Fed Cricket Meal as a Protein Source. Trop Anim Sci J 2019. [DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2019.42.2.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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D. Astuti W, G. Wiryawa K, Wina E, Widyastuti Y, Suharti S, Ridwan R. Effects of Selected Lactobacillus plantarum as Probiotic on In vitro Ruminal Fermentation and Microbial Population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2018.131.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Jayanegara A, Sholikin MM, Sabila DAN, Suharti S, Astuti DA. Lowering Chitin Content of Cricket (<I>Gryllus assimilis</I>) Through Exoskeleton Removal and Chemical Extraction and its Utilization as a Ruminant Feed <I>in vitro</I>. Pak J Biol Sci 2017; 20:523-529. [PMID: 30187729 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2017.523.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Cricket contains high crude protein level but it also contains considerable amount of chitin that may impede nutrient digestion and decrease production performance of animal. This experiment aimed to decrease chitin content of cricket (C) through exoskeleton removal (CER) or by chemical extraction (CCE). MATERIALS AND METHODS Nutritional evaluation of cricket was performed in two experiments. In experiment 1, three forms of cricket were prepared, i.e., C, CER and CCE. These were subjected to chemical composition determination and in vitro rumen fermentation incubation as individual substrates. In experiment 2, C and CER were included in concentrate rations at different proportions to substitute soybean meal (SBM), i.e., R1 (concentrate containing 30% SBM), R2 (50% SBM was substituted by C), R3 (100% SBM was replaced by C) and R4 (100% SBM was replaced by CER). The concentrates were then evaluated in vitro for their rumen fermentation and digestibility characteristics. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance and Duncan's test. RESULTS Cricket was high in crude protein(CP), ether extract (EE) and chitin contents. Removal of exoskeleton decreased CP and chitin contents of cricket. Chemical extraction of cricket increased its CP and completely removed its chitin. Main fatty acids observed in cricket were linoleic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid and stearic acid and the composition was unaltered due to exoskeleton removal or chemical extraction. Cricket was relatively highly digestible and exoskeleton removal and chemical extraction did not further improve in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) of cricket. The R1 and R2 revealed similar IVDMD and IVOMD, but R3 and R4 resulted in lower values for both parameters than those of R1 and R2 (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Exoskeleton removal or chemical extraction effectively reduced chitin content of cricket and the insect may be used to substitute SBM up to 50% in concentrate for ruminant.
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Bain A, Astuti DA, Suharti S, Arman C, Wiryawan KG. Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Meat Quality of Bali Cattle Fed a Ration Supplemented with Soybean Oil Calcium Soap and Cashew Fruit Flour. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5398/medpet.2016.39.3.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Nurjana DJ, Suharti S, Suryahadi S. Improvement of Napier Grass Silage Nutritive Value by Using Inoculant and Crude Enzyme from Trichoderma reesei and Its Effect on in Vitro Rumen Fermentation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5398/medpet.2016.39.1.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Suharti S, Astuti DA, Wina E, Toharmat T. Rumen Microbial Population in the In vitro Fermentation of Different Ratios of Forage and Concentrate in the Presence of Whole Lerak (Sapindus rarak) Fruit Extract. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2011.10409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Sadovy de Mitcheson Y, Liu M, Suharti S. Gonadal development in a giant threatened reef fish, the humphead wrasse Cheilinus undulatus, and its relationship to international trade. J Fish Biol 2010; 77:706-718. [PMID: 20701649 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02714.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
An opportunity arose to obtain humphead wrasse Cheilinus undulatus specimens between 2006 and 2009 from Indonesia, the major source and exporting country of this species, making study on its early gonad development possible for the first time. Protogynous hermaphroditism, previously proposed for this species, was confirmed in this study. Based on histological examination of 178 specimens, mainly <500 mm total length (L(T)) and ranging from 208 to 1290 mm L(T) (119.1 g to 43.0 kg whole body mass), the minimum body sizes for female and male sexual maturation were determined to be 650 and 845 mm L(T), respectively. Primary male development through juvenile sexual differentiation was not detected. A unique blind pouch, with a possible sperm storage function and associated with the testis, was reported for the first time in the Labridae. In Hong Kong retail markets, the global trading centre for this valuable species, live C. undulatus on sale for food were dominated by body sizes <500 mm L(T) between 1995 and 2009, reflecting an international trade largely focused on juveniles. In consideration of these findings, and given the threatened status of this species, management for C. undulatus capture and trade nationally and internationally are discussed with recommendations for ensuring sufficient spawning biomass in exploited populations and for sustainable trade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sadovy de Mitcheson
- Swire Institute of Marine Science and Division of Ecology & Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Suharti S, Kurniawati A, Astuti DA, Wina E. Microbial Population and Fermentation Characteristic in Response to Sapindus rarak Mineral Block Supplementation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.5398/medpet.2010.33.3.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Suharti S, Wiryawan KG, Tiuria R, Ridwan Y, Fitriana S, Sumarni N. Efektivitas Daun Jarak (Jatropha curcass Linn) Sebagai Anticacing Ascaridia galli dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Performa Ayam Lokal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.5398/medpet.2010.33.2.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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