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Berg BB, Linhares AFS, Martins DM, Rachid MA, Cau SBDA, Souza GGD, Carvalho JCSD, Sorgi CA, Romero TRL, Pinho V, Teixeira MM, Castor MGME. Anandamide reduces the migration of lymphocytes to the intestine by CB2 activation and reduces TNF-α in the target organs, protecting mice from graft-versus-host disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 956:175932. [PMID: 37536622 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a serious inflammatory illness that often occurs as a secondary complication of bone marrow transplantation. Current therapies have limited effectiveness and fail to achieve a balance between inflammation and the graft-versus-tumor effect. In this study, we investigate the effects of the endocannabinoid anandamide on the complex pathology of GVHD. We assess the effects of an irreversible inhibitor of fatty acid amine hydrolase or exogenous anandamide and find that they increase survival and reduce clinical signs in GVHD mice. In the intestine of GVHD mice, treatment with exogenous anandamide also leads to a reduction in the number of CD3+, CD3+CD4+, and CD3+CD8+ cells, which reduces the activation of CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ cells, as assessed by enhanced CD28 expression, a T cell co-stimulatory molecule. Exogenous AEA was also able to reduce TNF-α and increase IL-10 in the intestine of GVHD mice. In the liver, exogenous AEA reduces injury, TNF-α levels, and the number of CD3+CD8+ cells. Interestingly, anandamide reduces Mac-1α, which lowers the adhesion of transplanted cells in mesenteric veins. These effects are mimicked by JWH133-a CB2 selective agonist-and abolished by treatment with a CB2 antagonist. Furthermore, the effects caused by anandamide treatment on survival were related to the CB2 receptor, as the CB2 antagonist abolished it. This study shows the critical role of the CB2 receptor in the modulation of the inflammatory response of GVHD by treatment with anandamide, the most prominent endocannabinoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Betônico Berg
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Santos Linhares
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Carlos Arterio Sorgi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Philosophy Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Pinho
- Morphology Department, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Berg BB, Soares JS, Paiva IR, Rezende BM, Rachid MA, Cau SBDA, Romero TRL, Pinho V, Teixeira MM, Castor MGME. Cannabidiol Enhances Intestinal Cannabinoid Receptor Type 2 Receptor Expression and Activation Increasing Regulatory T Cells and Reduces Murine Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease without Interfering with the Graft-versus-Leukemia Response. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 377:273-283. [PMID: 33658314 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a highly lipidic phytocannabinoid with remarkable anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate CBD's effects and mechanisms of action in the treatment of mice subjected to acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD). aGVHD was induced by the transplantation of bone marrow cells and splenocytes from C57BL-6j to Balb-c mice. The recipient mice were treated daily with CBD, and the treatment reduced mouse mortality by decreasing inflammation and injury and promoting immune regulation in the jejunum, ileum, and liver. Analysis of the jejunum and ileum showed that CBD treatment reduced the levels of C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL) 2, CCL3, CCL5, tumor necrosis factor α, and interferon γ (IFNγ). CCL3 and IFNγ levels were also decreased in the liver. Mechanistically, CBD also increased the number of cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2) receptors on CD4+ and forkhead box P3+ cells in the intestine, which may explain the reduction in proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Antagonists of the CB2 receptor reduced the survival rates of CBD-treated mice, suggesting the participation of this receptor in the effects of CBD. Furthermore, treatment with CBD did not interfere with the graft-versus-leukemia response. CBD treatment appears to protect aGVHD mice by anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects partially mediated by CB2 receptor interaction. Altogether, our study suggests that CBD represents an interesting approach in the treatment of aGVHD, with potential therapeutic applications in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study provides for the first time a mechanism by which cannabidiol, a phytocannabinoid with no psychoactive effect, induces immunomodulation in the graft-versus-host disease. Enhancing intestinal cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2) receptor expression on CD4+ and forkhead box P3+ cells and increasing the number of these regulatory cells, cannabidiol decreases proinflammatory cytokines and increases graft-versus-host disease mice survival. This effect is dependent of CB2 receptor activation. Besides, cannabidiol did not interfere with graft-versus-leukemia response, a central response to avoid primary disease relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Betônico Berg
- Departamento de Farmacologia-ICB/UFMG (B.B.B., J.S.S., I.R.P., S.B.d.A.C., T.R.L.R., M.G.M.e.C.); Programa de Pós-graduação em Fisiologia e Farmacologia da UFMG (B.B.B., I.R.P., S.B.d.A.C., T.R.L.R., M.M.T., M.G.M.e.C.); Departamento de Enfermagem Básica da Escola de Enfermagem da UFMG (B.M.R.); Departamento de Patologia Geral do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da UFMG (M.A.R.); Departamento de Morfologia - CPDF-ICB/UFMG (V.P.); and Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, CPDF-ICB/UFMG (M.M.T.), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Silva Soares
- Departamento de Farmacologia-ICB/UFMG (B.B.B., J.S.S., I.R.P., S.B.d.A.C., T.R.L.R., M.G.M.e.C.); Programa de Pós-graduação em Fisiologia e Farmacologia da UFMG (B.B.B., I.R.P., S.B.d.A.C., T.R.L.R., M.M.T., M.G.M.e.C.); Departamento de Enfermagem Básica da Escola de Enfermagem da UFMG (B.M.R.); Departamento de Patologia Geral do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da UFMG (M.A.R.); Departamento de Morfologia - CPDF-ICB/UFMG (V.P.); and Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, CPDF-ICB/UFMG (M.M.T.), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Isabela Ribeiro Paiva
- Departamento de Farmacologia-ICB/UFMG (B.B.B., J.S.S., I.R.P., S.B.d.A.C., T.R.L.R., M.G.M.e.C.); Programa de Pós-graduação em Fisiologia e Farmacologia da UFMG (B.B.B., I.R.P., S.B.d.A.C., T.R.L.R., M.M.T., M.G.M.e.C.); Departamento de Enfermagem Básica da Escola de Enfermagem da UFMG (B.M.R.); Departamento de Patologia Geral do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da UFMG (M.A.R.); Departamento de Morfologia - CPDF-ICB/UFMG (V.P.); and Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, CPDF-ICB/UFMG (M.M.T.), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Barbara Maximino Rezende
- Departamento de Farmacologia-ICB/UFMG (B.B.B., J.S.S., I.R.P., S.B.d.A.C., T.R.L.R., M.G.M.e.C.); Programa de Pós-graduação em Fisiologia e Farmacologia da UFMG (B.B.B., I.R.P., S.B.d.A.C., T.R.L.R., M.M.T., M.G.M.e.C.); Departamento de Enfermagem Básica da Escola de Enfermagem da UFMG (B.M.R.); Departamento de Patologia Geral do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da UFMG (M.A.R.); Departamento de Morfologia - CPDF-ICB/UFMG (V.P.); and Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, CPDF-ICB/UFMG (M.M.T.), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Milene Alvarenga Rachid
- Departamento de Farmacologia-ICB/UFMG (B.B.B., J.S.S., I.R.P., S.B.d.A.C., T.R.L.R., M.G.M.e.C.); Programa de Pós-graduação em Fisiologia e Farmacologia da UFMG (B.B.B., I.R.P., S.B.d.A.C., T.R.L.R., M.M.T., M.G.M.e.C.); Departamento de Enfermagem Básica da Escola de Enfermagem da UFMG (B.M.R.); Departamento de Patologia Geral do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da UFMG (M.A.R.); Departamento de Morfologia - CPDF-ICB/UFMG (V.P.); and Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, CPDF-ICB/UFMG (M.M.T.), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Stêfany Bruno de Assis Cau
- Departamento de Farmacologia-ICB/UFMG (B.B.B., J.S.S., I.R.P., S.B.d.A.C., T.R.L.R., M.G.M.e.C.); Programa de Pós-graduação em Fisiologia e Farmacologia da UFMG (B.B.B., I.R.P., S.B.d.A.C., T.R.L.R., M.M.T., M.G.M.e.C.); Departamento de Enfermagem Básica da Escola de Enfermagem da UFMG (B.M.R.); Departamento de Patologia Geral do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da UFMG (M.A.R.); Departamento de Morfologia - CPDF-ICB/UFMG (V.P.); and Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, CPDF-ICB/UFMG (M.M.T.), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thiago Roberto Lima Romero
- Departamento de Farmacologia-ICB/UFMG (B.B.B., J.S.S., I.R.P., S.B.d.A.C., T.R.L.R., M.G.M.e.C.); Programa de Pós-graduação em Fisiologia e Farmacologia da UFMG (B.B.B., I.R.P., S.B.d.A.C., T.R.L.R., M.M.T., M.G.M.e.C.); Departamento de Enfermagem Básica da Escola de Enfermagem da UFMG (B.M.R.); Departamento de Patologia Geral do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da UFMG (M.A.R.); Departamento de Morfologia - CPDF-ICB/UFMG (V.P.); and Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, CPDF-ICB/UFMG (M.M.T.), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Pinho
- Departamento de Farmacologia-ICB/UFMG (B.B.B., J.S.S., I.R.P., S.B.d.A.C., T.R.L.R., M.G.M.e.C.); Programa de Pós-graduação em Fisiologia e Farmacologia da UFMG (B.B.B., I.R.P., S.B.d.A.C., T.R.L.R., M.M.T., M.G.M.e.C.); Departamento de Enfermagem Básica da Escola de Enfermagem da UFMG (B.M.R.); Departamento de Patologia Geral do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da UFMG (M.A.R.); Departamento de Morfologia - CPDF-ICB/UFMG (V.P.); and Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, CPDF-ICB/UFMG (M.M.T.), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Departamento de Farmacologia-ICB/UFMG (B.B.B., J.S.S., I.R.P., S.B.d.A.C., T.R.L.R., M.G.M.e.C.); Programa de Pós-graduação em Fisiologia e Farmacologia da UFMG (B.B.B., I.R.P., S.B.d.A.C., T.R.L.R., M.M.T., M.G.M.e.C.); Departamento de Enfermagem Básica da Escola de Enfermagem da UFMG (B.M.R.); Departamento de Patologia Geral do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da UFMG (M.A.R.); Departamento de Morfologia - CPDF-ICB/UFMG (V.P.); and Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, CPDF-ICB/UFMG (M.M.T.), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marina Gomes Miranda E Castor
- Departamento de Farmacologia-ICB/UFMG (B.B.B., J.S.S., I.R.P., S.B.d.A.C., T.R.L.R., M.G.M.e.C.); Programa de Pós-graduação em Fisiologia e Farmacologia da UFMG (B.B.B., I.R.P., S.B.d.A.C., T.R.L.R., M.M.T., M.G.M.e.C.); Departamento de Enfermagem Básica da Escola de Enfermagem da UFMG (B.M.R.); Departamento de Patologia Geral do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da UFMG (M.A.R.); Departamento de Morfologia - CPDF-ICB/UFMG (V.P.); and Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, CPDF-ICB/UFMG (M.M.T.), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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