1
|
Hall ET, Dillard ME, Cleverdon ER, Zhang Y, Daly CA, Ansari SS, Wakefield R, Stewart DP, Pruett-Miller SM, Lavado A, Carisey AF, Johnson A, Wang YD, Selner E, Tanes M, Ryu YS, Robinson CG, Steinberg J, Ogden SK. Cytoneme signaling provides essential contributions to mammalian tissue patterning. Cell 2024; 187:276-293.e23. [PMID: 38171360 PMCID: PMC10842732 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
During development, morphogens pattern tissues by instructing cell fate across long distances. Directly visualizing morphogen transport in situ has been inaccessible, so the molecular mechanisms ensuring successful morphogen delivery remain unclear. To tackle this longstanding problem, we developed a mouse model for compromised sonic hedgehog (SHH) morphogen delivery and discovered that endocytic recycling promotes SHH loading into signaling filopodia called cytonemes. We optimized methods to preserve in vivo cytonemes for advanced microscopy and show endogenous SHH localized to cytonemes in developing mouse neural tubes. Depletion of SHH from neural tube cytonemes alters neuronal cell fates and compromises neurodevelopment. Mutation of the filopodial motor myosin 10 (MYO10) reduces cytoneme length and density, which corrupts neuronal signaling activity of both SHH and WNT. Combined, these results demonstrate that cytoneme-based signal transport provides essential contributions to morphogen dispersion during mammalian tissue development and suggest MYO10 is a key regulator of cytoneme function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric T Hall
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Miriam E Dillard
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Cleverdon
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Christina A Daly
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Shariq S Ansari
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Randall Wakefield
- Cellular Imaging Shared Resource, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Daniel P Stewart
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Shondra M Pruett-Miller
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Alfonso Lavado
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Center for Pediatric Neurological Disease Research, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Alex F Carisey
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Amanda Johnson
- Cellular Imaging Shared Resource, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yong-Dong Wang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Emma Selner
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Michael Tanes
- Center for In Vivo Imaging and Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Young Sang Ryu
- Center for In Vivo Imaging and Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Camenzind G Robinson
- Cellular Imaging Shared Resource, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jeffrey Steinberg
- Center for In Vivo Imaging and Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Stacey K Ogden
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hall ET, Cleverdon ER, Dillard ME, Zhang Y, Wakefield R, Robinson CG, Pruett-Miller SM, Selner E, Ansari SS, Wang YD, Tanes M, Ryu YS, Stewart D, Johnson A, Steinberg J, Panlilio M, Khairy K, Ogden SK. Integrative Microscopy Approaches Reveal Specialized Signaling Filopodia Promote Morphogen Gradient Formation during Mammalian Development. Microsc Microanal 2023; 29:1201-1202. [PMID: 37613636 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric T Hall
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Elizabeth R Cleverdon
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Miriam E Dillard
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Randall Wakefield
- Cell and Tissue Imaging Center, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Camenzind G Robinson
- Cell and Tissue Imaging Center, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Shondra M Pruett-Miller
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
- Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Emma Selner
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Shariq S Ansari
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Yong-Dong Wang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Michael Tanes
- Center for In Vivo Imaging and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Young Sang Ryu
- Center for In Vivo Imaging and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Daniel Stewart
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Amanda Johnson
- Cell and Tissue Imaging Center, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Jeffrey Steinberg
- Center for In Vivo Imaging and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Mia Panlilio
- Center for Bioimage Informatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Khaled Khairy
- Center for Bioimage Informatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Stacey K Ogden
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Developmental tissue patterning and postdevelopmental tissue homeostasis depend upon controlled delivery of cellular signals called morphogens. Morphogens act in a concentration- and time-dependent manner to specify distinct transcriptional programs that instruct and reinforce cell fate. One mechanism by which appropriate morphogen signaling thresholds are ensured is through delivery of the signaling proteins by specialized filopodia called cytonemes. Cytonemes are very thin (≤200 nm in diameter) and can grow to lengths of several hundred microns, which makes their preservation for fixed-image analysis challenging. This paper describes a refined method for delicate handling of mouse embryos for fixation, immunostaining, and thick sectioning to allow for visualization of cytonemes using standard confocal microscopy. This protocol has been successfully used to visualize cytonemes that connect distinct cellular signaling compartments during mouse neural tube development. The technique can also be adapted to detect cytonemes across tissue types to facilitate the interrogation of developmental signaling at unprecedented resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric T Hall
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
| | - Christina A Daly
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital; St. Jude Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
| | - Miriam E Dillard
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
| | - Stacey K Ogden
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
During development and tissue homeostasis, cells must communicate with their neighbors to ensure coordinated responses to instructional cues. Cues such as morphogens and growth factors signal at both short and long ranges in temporal- and tissue-specific manners to guide cell fate determination, provide positional information, and to activate growth and survival responses. The precise mechanisms by which such signals traverse the extracellular environment to ensure reliable delivery to their intended cellular targets are not yet clear. One model for how this occurs suggests that specialized filopodia called cytonemes extend between signal-producing and -receiving cells to function as membrane-bound highways along which information flows. A growing body of evidence supports a crucial role for cytonemes in cell-to-cell communication. Despite this, the molecular mechanisms by which cytonemes are initiated, how they grow, and how they deliver specific signals are only starting to be revealed. Herein, we discuss recent advances toward improved understanding of cytoneme biology. We discuss similarities and differences between cytonemes and other types of cellular extensions, summarize what is known about how they originate, and discuss molecular mechanisms by which their activity may be controlled in development and tissue homeostasis. We conclude by highlighting important open questions regarding cytoneme biology, and comment on how a clear understanding of their function may provide opportunities for treating or preventing disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina A Daly
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Pl. MS340, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.,St. Jude Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Pl, MS 1500, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Eric T Hall
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Pl. MS340, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Stacey K Ogden
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Pl. MS340, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Umberger PA, Ogden SK. SPOP and CUL3 Modulate the Sonic Hedgehog Signal Response Through Controlled Degradation of GLI Family Transcription Factors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:710295. [PMID: 34395437 PMCID: PMC8362800 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.710295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The speckle-type POZ protein (SPOP) functions as a guardian of genome integrity and controls transcriptional regulation by functioning as a substrate adaptor for CUL3/RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes. SPOP-containing CUL3 complexes target a myriad of DNA-binding proteins involved in DNA repair and gene expression, and as such, are essential modulators of cellular homeostasis. GLI transcription factors are effectors of the Hedgehog (HH) pathway, a key driver of tissue morphogenesis and post-developmental homeostasis that is commonly corrupted in cancer. CUL3-SPOP activity regulates amplitude and duration of HH transcriptional responses by controlling stability of GLI family members. SPOP and GLI co-enrich in phase separated nuclear droplets that are thought to serve as hot spots for CUL3-mediated GLI ubiquitination and degradation. A similar framework exists in Drosophila, in which the Hedgehog-induced MATH (meprin and traf homology) and BTB (bric à brac, tramtrack, broad complex) domain containing protein (HIB) targets the GLI ortholog Cubitus interruptus (Ci) for Cul3-directed proteolysis. Despite this functional conservation, the molecular mechanisms by which HIB and SPOP contribute to Drosophila and vertebrate HH signaling differ. In this mini-review we highlight similarities between the two systems and discuss evolutionary divergence in GLI/Ci targeting that informs our understanding of how the GLI transcriptional code is controlled by SPOP and CUL3 in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Umberger
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States.,Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Stacey K Ogden
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hall ET, Dillard ME, Stewart DP, Zhang Y, Wagner B, Levine RM, Pruett-Miller SM, Sykes A, Temirov J, Cheney RE, Mori M, Robinson CG, Ogden SK. Cytoneme delivery of Sonic Hedgehog from ligand-producing cells requires Myosin 10 and a Dispatched-BOC/CDON co-receptor complex. eLife 2021; 10:61432. [PMID: 33570491 PMCID: PMC7968926 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphogens function in concentration-dependent manners to instruct cell fate during tissue patterning. The cytoneme morphogen transport model posits that specialized filopodia extend between morphogen-sending and responding cells to ensure that appropriate signaling thresholds are achieved. How morphogens are transported along and deployed from cytonemes, how quickly a cytoneme-delivered, receptor-dependent signal is initiated, and whether these processes are conserved across phyla are not known. Herein, we reveal that the actin motor Myosin 10 promotes vesicular transport of Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) morphogen in mouse cell cytonemes, and that SHH morphogen gradient organization is altered in neural tubes of Myo10-/- mice. We demonstrate that cytoneme-mediated deposition of SHH onto receiving cells induces a rapid, receptor-dependent signal response that occurs within seconds of ligand delivery. This activity is dependent upon a novel Dispatched (DISP)-BOC/CDON co-receptor complex that functions in ligand-producing cells to promote cytoneme occurrence and facilitate ligand delivery for signal activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric T Hall
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Miriam E Dillard
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Daniel P Stewart
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Ben Wagner
- Cell and Tissue Imaging Center, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Rachel M Levine
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States.,Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Shondra M Pruett-Miller
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States.,Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - April Sykes
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Jamshid Temirov
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Richard E Cheney
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Motomi Mori
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Camenzind G Robinson
- Cell and Tissue Imaging Center, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Stacey K Ogden
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ogden SK. Getting Hedgehogs Where They Need to Go: Cleavage Activates Dispatched for Sonic Hedgehog Release. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
8
|
Hall ET, Cleverdon ER, Ogden SK. Dispatching Sonic Hedgehog: Molecular Mechanisms Controlling Deployment. Trends Cell Biol 2019; 29:385-395. [PMID: 30852081 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) family of morphogens direct cell fate decisions during embryogenesis and signal to maintain tissue homeostasis after birth. Hh ligands harbor dual lipid modifications that anchor the proteins into producing cell membranes, effectively preventing ligand release. The transporter-like protein Dispatched (Disp) functions to release these membrane tethers and mobilize Hh ligands to travel toward distant cellular targets. The molecular mechanisms by which Disp achieves Hh deployment are not yet fully understood, but a number of recent publications provide insight into the complex process of Hh release. Herein we review this literature, integrate key discoveries, and discuss some of the open questions that will drive future studies aimed at understanding Disp-mediated Hh ligand deployment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric T Hall
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS 340, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Cleverdon
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS 340, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Stacey K Ogden
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS 340, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Immunocytochemistry of cultured cells is a common and effective technique for determining compositions and localizations of proteins within cellular structures. However, traditional cultured cell fixation and staining protocols are not effective in preserving cultured cell cytonemes, long specialized filopodia that are dedicated to morphogen transport. As a result, limited mechanistic interrogation has been performed to assess their regulation. We developed a fixation protocol for cultured cells that preserves cytonemes, which allows for immunofluorescent analysis of endogenous and over-expressed proteins localizing to the delicate cellular structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric T Hall
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Stacey K Ogden
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Arensdorf AM, Dillard ME, Menke JM, Frank MW, Rock CO, Ogden SK. Sonic Hedgehog Activates Phospholipase A2 to Enhance Smoothened Ciliary Translocation. Cell Rep 2018; 19:2074-2087. [PMID: 28591579 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The G protein-coupled receptor Smoothened (Smo) is the signal transducer of the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) pathway. Smo signals through G protein-dependent and -independent routes, with G protein-independent canonical signaling to Gli effectors requiring Smo accumulation in the primary cilium. The mechanisms controlling Smo activation and trafficking are not yet clear but likely entail small-molecule binding to pockets in its extracellular cysteine-rich domain (CRD) and/or transmembrane bundle. Here, we demonstrate that the cytosolic phospholipase cPLA2α is activated through Gβγ downstream of Smo to release arachidonic acid. Arachidonic acid binds Smo and synergizes with CRD-binding agonists, promoting Smo ciliary trafficking and high-level signaling. Chemical or genetic cPLA2α inhibition dampens Smo signaling to Gli, revealing an unexpected contribution of G protein-dependent signaling to canonical pathway activity. Arachidonic acid displaces the Smo transmembrane domain inhibitor cyclopamine to rescue CRD agonist-induced signaling, suggesting that arachidonic acid may target the transmembrane bundle to allosterically enhance signaling by CRD agonist-bound Smo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Arensdorf
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Miriam E Dillard
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jacob M Menke
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Rhodes College St. Jude Summer Plus Program, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA
| | - Matthew W Frank
- Department of Infectious Disease, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Charles O Rock
- Department of Infectious Disease, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Stacey K Ogden
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hunter HJA, Morsman E, Mellody KT, Ogden SK, Zeef LAH, Hayes A, Griffiths CEM, Kleyn CE. Acute psychosocial stress downregulates N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors in healthy human skin. Br J Dermatol 2018; 178:1458-1459. [PMID: 29451693 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H J A Hunter
- Dermatological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, U.K
| | - E Morsman
- The Dermatology Centre, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, U.K
| | - K T Mellody
- The Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K
| | - S K Ogden
- Dermatological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, U.K
| | - L A H Zeef
- The Bioinformatics Core Facility, The University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K
| | - A Hayes
- The Bioinformatics Core Facility, The University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K
| | - C E M Griffiths
- Dermatological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, U.K
| | - C E Kleyn
- Dermatological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Stewart DP, Marada S, Bodeen WJ, Truong A, Sakurada SM, Pandit T, Pruett-Miller SM, Ogden SK. Cleavage activates dispatched for Sonic Hedgehog ligand release. eLife 2018; 7:31678. [PMID: 29359685 PMCID: PMC5811216 DOI: 10.7554/elife.31678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog ligands activate an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway that provides instructional cues during tissue morphogenesis, and when corrupted, contributes to developmental disorders and cancer. The transmembrane protein Dispatched is an essential component of the machinery that deploys Hedgehog family ligands from producing cells, and is absolutely required for signaling to long-range targets. Despite this crucial role, regulatory mechanisms controlling Dispatched activity remain largely undefined. Herein, we reveal vertebrate Dispatched is activated by proprotein convertase-mediated cleavage at a conserved processing site in its first extracellular loop. Dispatched processing occurs at the cell surface to instruct its membrane re-localization in polarized epithelial cells. Cleavage site mutation alters Dispatched membrane trafficking and reduces ligand release, leading to compromised pathway activity in vivo. As such, convertase-mediated cleavage is required for Dispatched maturation and functional competency in Hedgehog ligand-producing cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Stewart
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Suresh Marada
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - William J Bodeen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States.,Integrated Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Ashley Truong
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Sadie Miki Sakurada
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States.,Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Tanushree Pandit
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Shondra M Pruett-Miller
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States.,Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Stacey K Ogden
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bodeen WJ, Marada S, Truong A, Ogden SK. A fixation method to preserve cultured cell cytonemes facilitates mechanistic interrogation of morphogen transport. Development 2017; 144:3612-3624. [PMID: 28827391 PMCID: PMC5665483 DOI: 10.1242/dev.152736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During development, extracellular cues guiding cell fate determination are provided by morphogens. One mechanism by which morphogens are proposed to traverse extracellular space is by traveling along specialized filopodia called cytonemes. These cellular highways extend between signal-producing and -receiving cells to enable direct morphogen delivery. Although genetic studies support cytoneme involvement in morphogen transport, mechanistic insight into how they are regulated is limited owing to technical challenges associated with performing cell biological analysis of the delicate filopodial structures. Here, we introduce a fixation method whereby cultured cell cytonemes can be preserved for imaging studies, allowing investigation of cytoneme regulation using standard cell biological techniques. Using this method, we examined Hedgehog-containing cytonemes and identified a role for the Hedgehog deployment protein Dispatched in cytoneme stabilization. We demonstrate that Hedgehog and Dispatched colocalize in cytonemes, and that cholesterol-modified Hedgehog acts through Dispatched to increase cytoneme occurrence. Live imaging suggests that this occurs through Dispatched-mediated slowing of cytoneme retraction rates. Dispatched-induced cytoneme modulation was recapitulated in wing imaginal discs of transgenic Drosophila, providing evidence that cultured cell cytoneme analysis is predictive of in vivo functionality. Summary: A new fixation method for preserving cultured cell cytonemes, used in combination with live cell imaging, reveals that the Hedgehog deployment protein Dispatched promotes cytoneme occurrence by slowing retraction rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William J Bodeen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.,Integrated Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Suresh Marada
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Ashley Truong
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Stacey K Ogden
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Marzahn MR, Marada S, Lee J, Nourse A, Kenrick S, Zhao H, Ben-Nissan G, Kolaitis RM, Peters JL, Pounds S, Errington WJ, Privé GG, Taylor JP, Sharon M, Schuck P, Ogden SK, Mittag T. Higher-order oligomerization promotes localization of SPOP to liquid nuclear speckles. EMBO J 2016; 35:1254-75. [PMID: 27220849 PMCID: PMC4910529 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201593169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane-less organelles in cells are large, dynamic protein/protein or protein/RNA assemblies that have been reported in some cases to have liquid droplet properties. However, the molecular interactions underlying the recruitment of components are not well understood. Herein, we study how the ability to form higher-order assemblies influences the recruitment of the speckle-type POZ protein (SPOP) to nuclear speckles. SPOP, a cullin-3-RING ubiquitin ligase (CRL3) substrate adaptor, self-associates into higher-order oligomers; that is, the number of monomers in an oligomer is broadly distributed and can be large. While wild-type SPOP localizes to liquid nuclear speckles, self-association-deficient SPOP mutants have a diffuse distribution in the nucleus. SPOP oligomerizes through its BTB and BACK domains. We show that BTB-mediated SPOP dimers form linear oligomers via BACK domain dimerization, and we determine the concentration-dependent populations of the resulting oligomeric species. Higher-order oligomerization of SPOP stimulates CRL3(SPOP) ubiquitination efficiency for its physiological substrate Gli3, suggesting that nuclear speckles are hotspots of ubiquitination. Dynamic, higher-order protein self-association may be a general mechanism to concentrate functional components in membrane-less cellular bodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa R Marzahn
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Suresh Marada
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jihun Lee
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Amanda Nourse
- Molecular Interaction Analysis Shared Resource, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Huaying Zhao
- Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly Section, Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gili Ben-Nissan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Regina-Maria Kolaitis
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jennifer L Peters
- Department of Cellular Imaging Shared Resource, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Stanley Pounds
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Gilbert G Privé
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Paul Taylor
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Michal Sharon
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Peter Schuck
- Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly Section, Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stacey K Ogden
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Tanja Mittag
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Marada S, Truong A, Ogden SK. Dataset for phenotypic classification of genetic modifiers of smoothened and Hedgehog. Data Brief 2016; 7:485-9. [PMID: 27014736 PMCID: PMC4792844 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2016.02.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This data article includes supporting information for the research article entitled "The Small GTPase Rap1 is a Modulator of Hedgehog Signaling" [1]. Drosophila wing phenotypes induced by expression of a dominant negative Smoothened (Smo) mutant were cataloged into five distinct classes. Class distributions observed following expression of dominant negative Smo in control and sensitized backgrounds were quantified to serve as references for strength of phenotypic modification. Shifts in class distribution of Hedgehog (Hh) wing phenotypes resulting from introduction of loss-of-function alleles of select Ras family G protein genes and the Hh pathway regulators Fused and Suppressor of Fused are shown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Marada
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children׳s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Ashley Truong
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children׳s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- Rhodes College Summer Plus Program, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA
| | - Stacey K. Ogden
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children׳s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Marada S, Truong A, Ogden SK. The small GTPase Rap1 is a modulator of Hedgehog signaling. Dev Biol 2015; 409:84-94. [PMID: 26481064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
During development, the evolutionarily conserved Hedgehog (Hh) morphogen provides instructional cues that influence cell fate, cell affinity and tissue morphogenesis. To do so, the Hh signaling cascade must coordinate its activity with other morphogenetic signals. This can occur through engagement of or response to effectors that do not typically function as core Hh pathway components. Given the ability of small G proteins of the Ras family to impact cell survival, differentiation, growth and adhesion, we wanted to determine whether Hh and Ras signaling might intersect during development. We performed genetic modifier tests in Drosophila to examine the ability of select Ras family members to influence Hh signal output, and identified Rap1 as a positive modulator of Hh pathway activity. Our results suggest that Rap1 is activated to its GTP-bound form in response to Hh ligand, and that the GTPase exchange factor C3G likely contributes to this activation. The Rap1 effector Canoe (Cno) also impacts Hh signal output, suggesting that a C3G-Rap1-Cno axis intersects the Hh pathway during tissue morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Marada
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, United States
| | - Ashley Truong
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, United States; Rhodes College Summer Plus Program, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, United States
| | - Stacey K Ogden
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Arensdorf AM, Marada S, Ogden SK. Smoothened Regulation: A Tale of Two Signals. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 37:62-72. [PMID: 26432668 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) Smoothened (Smo) is the signal transducer of the developmentally and therapeutically relevant Hedgehog (Hh) pathway. Although recent structural analyses have advanced our understanding of Smo biology, several questions remain. Chief among them are the identity of its natural ligand, the regulatory processes controlling its activation, and the mechanisms by which it signals to downstream effectors. In this review, we discuss recent discoveries from multiple model systems that have set the stage for solving these mysteries. We focus on the roles of distinct Smo functional domains, post-translational modifications, and trafficking, and conclude by discussing their contributions to signal output.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Arensdorf
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place MS#340, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Suresh Marada
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place MS#340, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Stacey K Ogden
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place MS#340, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
In this issue of Science Signaling, Villanueva et al. report on the identification of heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) Gαi2 as an essential effector of Smoothened-mediated mammary epithelial cell proliferation. Through a series of in vivo experiments, the authors delineate a Smoothened-regulated Gli-independent Gαi signal that provides direct genetic evidence connecting Smoothened with Gαi in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stacey K Ogden
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Marada S, Navarro G, Truong A, Stewart DP, Arensdorf AM, Nachtergaele S, Angelats E, Opferman JT, Rohatgi R, McCormick PJ, Ogden SK. Functional Divergence in the Role of N-Linked Glycosylation in Smoothened Signaling. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005473. [PMID: 26291458 PMCID: PMC4546403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) Smoothened (Smo) is the requisite signal transducer of the evolutionarily conserved Hedgehog (Hh) pathway. Although aspects of Smo signaling are conserved from Drosophila to vertebrates, significant differences have evolved. These include changes in its active sub-cellular localization, and the ability of vertebrate Smo to induce distinct G protein-dependent and independent signals in response to ligand. Whereas the canonical Smo signal to Gli transcriptional effectors occurs in a G protein-independent manner, its non-canonical signal employs Gαi. Whether vertebrate Smo can selectively bias its signal between these routes is not yet known. N-linked glycosylation is a post-translational modification that can influence GPCR trafficking, ligand responsiveness and signal output. Smo proteins in Drosophila and vertebrate systems harbor N-linked glycans, but their role in Smo signaling has not been established. Herein, we present a comprehensive analysis of Drosophila and murine Smo glycosylation that supports a functional divergence in the contribution of N-linked glycans to signaling. Of the seven predicted glycan acceptor sites in Drosophila Smo, one is essential. Loss of N-glycosylation at this site disrupted Smo trafficking and attenuated its signaling capability. In stark contrast, we found that all four predicted N-glycosylation sites on murine Smo were dispensable for proper trafficking, agonist binding and canonical signal induction. However, the under-glycosylated protein was compromised in its ability to induce a non-canonical signal through Gαi, providing for the first time evidence that Smo can bias its signal and that a post-translational modification can impact this process. As such, we postulate a profound shift in N-glycan function from affecting Smo ER exit in flies to influencing its signal output in mice. N-linked glycosylation is a post-translational modification occurring on membrane proteins such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). Smoothened (Smo) is a GPCR that functions as the signal transducer of the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway. We used a mutagenesis approach to assess the role of N-glycans in Smo signaling in two genetic models for Hh pathway activity, Drosophila and mouse. In doing so, we discovered a divergence in glycan function between them. We mapped an essential N-glycan acceptor site that when lost in Drosophila, triggered ER retention, altered Smo protein stability and blunted its signaling capacity. Conversely, ER exit of the murine protein was unaffected by glycan loss, as was its ability to traffic and induce a G protein-independent signal to activate Hh target genes. However, the ability of vertebrate Smo to induce a distinct G protein-dependent signal was lost. This suggests that N-linked glycosylation may influence signal bias of vertebrate Smo to favor one signal output over the other. We therefore propose that the role of this conserved post-translational modification may have been repurposed from governing Smo ER exit in the fly to influencing effector route selection in vertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Marada
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Gemma Navarro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ashley Truong
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- Summer Plus Program, Rhodes College, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Daniel P. Stewart
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Angela M. Arensdorf
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Sigrid Nachtergaele
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Edgar Angelats
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joseph T. Opferman
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Rajat Rohatgi
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Peter J. McCormick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Stacey K. Ogden
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Marzahn MR, Lee J, Marada S, Nourse A, Zhao H, Schuck P, Ogden SK, Mittag T. The Role of Higher-Order SPOP Oligomers for Localization to Cellular “Bodies” and Ubiquitination Activity. Biophys J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.11.2135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
|
21
|
Marzahn MR, Lee J, Palud A, Marada S, Nourse A, Taylor JP, Ogden SK, Mittag T. The Role of Protein Disorder and Self-Association in the Formation of Cellular Bodies. Biophys J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
|
22
|
Gruber TA, Gedman AL, Zhang J, Koss CS, Marada S, Ta HQ, Chen SC, Su X, Ogden SK, Dang J, Wu G, Gupta V, Andersson AK, Pounds S, Shi L, Easton J, Barbato MI, Mulder HL, Manne J, Wang J, Rusch M, Ranade S, Ganti R, Parker M, Ma J, Radtke I, Ding L, Cazzaniga G, Biondi A, Kornblau SM, Ravandi F, Kantarjian H, Nimer SD, Döhner K, Döhner H, Ley TJ, Ballerini P, Shurtleff S, Tomizawa D, Adachi S, Hayashi Y, Tawa A, Shih LY, Liang DC, Rubnitz JE, Pui CH, Mardis ER, Wilson RK, Downing JR. An Inv(16)(p13.3q24.3)-encoded CBFA2T3-GLIS2 fusion protein defines an aggressive subtype of pediatric acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. Cancer Cell 2012; 22:683-97. [PMID: 23153540 PMCID: PMC3547667 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
To define the mutation spectrum in non-Down syndrome acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (non-DS-AMKL), we performed transcriptome sequencing on diagnostic blasts from 14 pediatric patients and validated our findings in a recurrency/validation cohort consisting of 34 pediatric and 28 adult AMKL samples. Our analysis identified a cryptic chromosome 16 inversion (inv(16)(p13.3q24.3)) in 27% of pediatric cases, which encodes a CBFA2T3-GLIS2 fusion protein. Expression of CBFA2T3-GLIS2 in Drosophila and murine hematopoietic cells induced bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling and resulted in a marked increase in the self-renewal capacity of hematopoietic progenitors. These data suggest that expression of CBFA2T3-GLIS2 directly contributes to leukemogenesis.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/metabolism
- Child
- Chromosome Inversion
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16
- Drosophila/genetics
- Drosophila/growth & development
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Humans
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/genetics
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/classification
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/genetics
- Mice
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/physiology
- Prognosis
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/physiology
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, RNA
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja A. Gruber
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital – Washington University Pediatric Cancer Genome Project, Memphis, TN, USA and St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Amanda Larson Gedman
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital – Washington University Pediatric Cancer Genome Project, Memphis, TN, USA and St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Cary S. Koss
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Suresh Marada
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Huy Q. Ta
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Shann-Ching Chen
- Hartwell Center for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Xiaoping Su
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stacey K. Ogden
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jinjun Dang
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Gang Wu
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital – Washington University Pediatric Cancer Genome Project, Memphis, TN, USA and St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Vedant Gupta
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Anna K. Andersson
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Stanley Pounds
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - John Easton
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital – Washington University Pediatric Cancer Genome Project, Memphis, TN, USA and St. Louis, MO, USA
- Pediatric Cancer Genome Project, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Michael I. Barbato
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital – Washington University Pediatric Cancer Genome Project, Memphis, TN, USA and St. Louis, MO, USA
- Pediatric Cancer Genome Project, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Heather L. Mulder
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital – Washington University Pediatric Cancer Genome Project, Memphis, TN, USA and St. Louis, MO, USA
- Pediatric Cancer Genome Project, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jayanthi Manne
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital – Washington University Pediatric Cancer Genome Project, Memphis, TN, USA and St. Louis, MO, USA
- Pediatric Cancer Genome Project, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jianmin Wang
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital – Washington University Pediatric Cancer Genome Project, Memphis, TN, USA and St. Louis, MO, USA
- Information Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Michael Rusch
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital – Washington University Pediatric Cancer Genome Project, Memphis, TN, USA and St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Ramapriya Ganti
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Matthew Parker
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital – Washington University Pediatric Cancer Genome Project, Memphis, TN, USA and St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jing Ma
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital – Washington University Pediatric Cancer Genome Project, Memphis, TN, USA and St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hartwell Center for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ina Radtke
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Li Ding
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital – Washington University Pediatric Cancer Genome Project, Memphis, TN, USA and St. Louis, MO, USA
- Washington University School of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, MO, USA, The Genome Institute at Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Giovanni Cazzaniga
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Pediatric Clinic, Univ. Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Pediatric Unit, University of Milan-Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Steven M. Kornblau
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Farhad Ravandi
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hagop Kantarjian
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephen D. Nimer
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan Kettering Institute , New York, NY, USA
| | - Konstanze Döhner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hartmut Döhner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Timothy J. Ley
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital – Washington University Pediatric Cancer Genome Project, Memphis, TN, USA and St. Louis, MO, USA
- Washington University School of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, MO, USA, The Genome Institute at Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Paola Ballerini
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Hôpital A. Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Sheila Shurtleff
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital – Washington University Pediatric Cancer Genome Project, Memphis, TN, USA and St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Daisuke Tomizawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Souichi Adachi
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Hayashi
- Department of Haematology/Oncology, Gunma Children's Medical Center, Shibukawa, Japan
| | - Akio Tawa
- Dept. of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Lee-Yung Shih
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Der-Cherng Liang
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei Taiwan
| | - Jeffrey E. Rubnitz
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ching-Hon Pui
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital – Washington University Pediatric Cancer Genome Project, Memphis, TN, USA and St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Elaine R Mardis
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital – Washington University Pediatric Cancer Genome Project, Memphis, TN, USA and St. Louis, MO, USA
- Washington University School of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, MO, USA, The Genome Institute at Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Richard K Wilson
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital – Washington University Pediatric Cancer Genome Project, Memphis, TN, USA and St. Louis, MO, USA
- Washington University School of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, MO, USA, The Genome Institute at Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - James R. Downing
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital – Washington University Pediatric Cancer Genome Project, Memphis, TN, USA and St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Carroll CE, Marada S, Stewart DP, Ouyang JX, Ogden SK. The extracellular loops of Smoothened play a regulatory role in control of Hedgehog pathway activation. Development 2012; 139:612-21. [PMID: 22223683 DOI: 10.1242/dev.075614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway plays an instructional role during development, and is frequently activated in cancer. Ligand-induced pathway activation requires signaling by the transmembrane protein Smoothened (Smo), a member of the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. The extracellular (EC) loops of canonical GPCRs harbor cysteine residues that engage in disulfide bonds, affecting active and inactive signaling states through regulating receptor conformation, dimerization and/or ligand binding. Although a functional importance for cysteines localized to the N-terminal extracellular cysteine-rich domain has been described, a functional role for a set of conserved cysteines in the EC loops of Smo has not yet been established. In this study, we mutated each of the conserved EC cysteines, and tested for effects on Hh signal transduction. Cysteine mutagenesis reveals that previously uncharacterized functional roles exist for Smo EC1 and EC2. We provide in vitro and in vivo evidence that EC1 cysteine mutation induces significant Hh-independent Smo signaling, triggering a level of pathway activation similar to that of a maximal Hh response in Drosophila and mammalian systems. Furthermore, we show that a single amino acid change in EC2 attenuates Hh-induced Smo signaling, whereas deletion of the central region of EC2 renders Smo fully active, suggesting that the conformation of EC2 is crucial for regulated Smo activity. Taken together, these findings are consistent with loop cysteines engaging in disulfide bonds that facilitate a Smo conformation that is silent in the absence of Hh, but can transition to a fully active state in response to ligand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Candace E Carroll
- Department of Biochemistry, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS 340, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Carroll CE, Marada S, Stewart DP, Ouyang JX, Ogden SK. The extracellular loops of Smoothened play a regulatory role in control of Hedgehog pathway activation. Development 2012. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.079160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
25
|
Carroll CE, Marada S, Stewart DP, Ouyang JX, Ogden SK. The extracellular loops of Smoothened play a regulatory role in control of Hedgehog pathway activation. J Cell Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.107458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
26
|
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is an essential regulator of embryonic development and a key factor in carcinogenesis.(1,2) Hh, a secreted morphogen, activates intracellular signaling events via downstream effector proteins, which translate the signal to regulate target gene transcription.(3,4) In a recent publication, we quantitatively compared two commonly accepted models of Hh signal transduction.(5) Each model requires a different ratio of signaling components to be feasible. Thus, we hypothesized that knowing the steady-state ratio of core signaling components might allow us to distinguish between models. We reported vast differences in the molar concentrations of endogenous effectors of Hh signaling, with Smo present in limiting concentrations.(5) This extra view summarizes the implications of this endogenous ratio in relation to current models of Hh signaling and places our results in the context of recent work describing the involvement of guanine nucleotide binding protein Galphai and Cos2 motility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shohreh F Farzan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Farzan SF, Stegman MA, Ogden SK, Ascano M, Black KE, Tacchelly O, Robbins DJ. A quantification of pathway components supports a novel model of Hedgehog signal transduction. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:28874-84. [PMID: 19717563 PMCID: PMC2781433 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.041608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Revised: 08/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The secreted protein Hedgehog (Hh) plays a critical instructional role during metazoan development. In Drosophila, Hh signaling is interpreted by a set of conserved, downstream effectors that differentially localize and interact to regulate the stability and activity of the transcription factor Cubitus interruptus. Two essential models that integrate genetic, cell biological, and biochemical information have been proposed to explain how these signaling components relate to one another within the cellular context. As the molar ratios of the signaling effectors required in each of these models are quite different, quantitating the cellular ratio of pathway components could distinguish these two models. Here, we address this important question using a set of purified protein standards to perform a quantitative analysis of Drosophila cell lysates for each downstream pathway component. We determine each component's steady-state concentration within a given cell, demonstrate the molar ratio of Hh signaling effectors differs more than two orders of magnitude and that this ratio is conserved in vivo. We find that the G-protein-coupled transmembrane protein Smoothened, an activating component, is present in limiting amounts, while a negative pathway regulator, Suppressor of Fused, is present in vast molar excess. Interestingly, despite large differences in the steady-state ratio, all downstream signaling components exist in an equimolar membrane-associated complex. We use these quantitative results to re-evaluate the current models of Hh signaling and now propose a novel model of signaling that accounts for the stoichiometric differences observed between various Hh pathway components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shohreh F. Farzan
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755 and
| | - Melanie A. Stegman
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755 and
| | - Stacey K. Ogden
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755 and
| | - Manuel Ascano
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755 and
| | - Kendall E. Black
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755 and
| | - Ofelia Tacchelly
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755 and
| | - David J. Robbins
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755 and
- the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ogden SK, Fei DL, Schilling NS, Ahmed YF, Hwa J, Robbins DJ. G protein Galphai functions immediately downstream of Smoothened in Hedgehog signalling. Nature 2009; 456:967-70. [PMID: 18987629 PMCID: PMC2744466 DOI: 10.1038/nature07459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2008] [Accepted: 09/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway has an evolutionarily conserved role in patterning fields of cells during metazoan development, and is inappropriately activated in cancer. Hh pathway activity is absolutely dependent on signalling by the seven-transmembrane protein smoothened (Smo), which is regulated by the Hh receptor patched (Ptc). Smo signals to an intracellular multi-protein complex containing the Kinesin related protein Costal2 (Cos2), the protein kinase Fused (Fu) and the transcription factor Cubitus interruptus (Ci). In the absence of Hh, this complex regulates the cleavage of full-length Ci to a truncated repressor protein, Ci75, in a process that is dependent on the proteasome and priming phosphorylations by Protein kinase A (PKA). Binding of Hh to Ptc blocks Ptc-mediated Smo inhibition, allowing Smo to signal to the intracellular components to attenuate Ci cleavage. Because of its homology with the Frizzled family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), a likely candidate for an immediate Smo effector would be a heterotrimeric G protein. However, the role that G proteins may have in Hh signal transduction is unclear and quite controversial, which has led to widespread speculation that Smo signals through a variety of novel G-protein-independent mechanisms. Here we present in vitro and in vivo evidence in Drosophila that Smo activates a G protein to modulate intracellular cyclic AMP levels in response to Hh. Our results demonstrate that Smo functions as a canonical GPCR, which signals through Galphai to regulate Hh pathway activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stacey K Ogden
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yuan Z, Goetz JA, Singh S, Ogden SK, Petty WJ, Black CC, Memoli VA, Dmitrovsky E, Robbins DJ. Frequent requirement of hedgehog signaling in non-small cell lung carcinoma. Oncogene 2006; 26:1046-55. [PMID: 16909105 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although it had previously been suggested that the hedgehog (HH) pathway might be activated in some lung tumors, the dependence of non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) for HH activity had not been comprehensively studied. During a screen of a panel of 60 human tumor cell lines with an HH antagonist, we observed that the proliferation of a subset of NSCLC cell lines was inhibited. These NSCLC cell lines express HH, as well as key HH target genes, consistent with them being activated through an autocrine mechanism. Interestingly, we also identified a number of NSCLC cell lines that express high levels of the downstream transcription factor GLI1 and harbor enhanced levels of HH activity, but appear insensitive to known HH antagonists. We hypothesized that the high levels of GLI1 in these cells would function downstream of the HH antagonist target, allowing them to bypass the antagonist-mediated block in proliferation. Consistent with this hypothesis, when the levels of GLI1 are knocked down in such cells, they become sensitive to these inhibitors. We go on to show that a large percentage of primary NSCLC samples express GLI1, consistent with constitutive activation of the HH pathway in these samples. Taken together, these results establish the involvement of the HH signaling pathway in a subset of NSCLCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ogden SK, Casso DJ, Ascano M, Yore MM, Kornberg TB, Robbins DJ. Smoothened regulates activator and repressor functions of Hedgehog signaling via two distinct mechanisms. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:7237-43. [PMID: 16423832 PMCID: PMC3677211 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m510169200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The secreted protein Hedgehog (Hh) plays an important role in metazoan development and as a survival factor for many human tumors. In both cases, Hh signaling proceeds through the activation of the seven-transmembrane protein Smoothened (Smo), which is thought to convert the Gli family of transcription factors from transcriptional repressors to transcriptional activators. Here, we provide evidence that Smo signals to the Hh signaling complex, which consists of the kinesin-related protein Costal2 (Cos2), the protein kinase Fused (Fu), and the Drosophila Gli homolog cubitus interruptus (Ci), in two distinct manners. We show that many of the commonly observed molecular events following Hh signaling are not transmitted in a linear fashion but instead are activated through two signals that bifurcate at Smo to independently affect activator and repressor pools of Ci.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stacey K. Ogden
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
| | - David J. Casso
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Manuel Ascano
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
- Department of Molecular Genetics Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Mark M. Yore
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
| | - Thomas B. Kornberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - David J. Robbins
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, HB 7650 Remsen, Hanover, NH, 03755-7650. Tel.: 603-650-1716; Fax: 603-650-1129;
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wilkinson DS, Ogden SK, Stratton SA, Piechan JL, Nguyen TT, Smulian GA, Barton MC. A direct intersection between p53 and transforming growth factor beta pathways targets chromatin modification and transcription repression of the alpha-fetoprotein gene. Mol Cell Biol 2005; 25:1200-12. [PMID: 15657445 PMCID: PMC544019 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.25.3.1200-1212.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We purified the oncoprotein SnoN and found that it functions as a corepressor of the tumor suppressor p53 in the regulation of the hepatic alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) tumor marker gene. p53 promotes SnoN and histone deacetylase interaction at an overlapping Smad binding, p53 regulatory element (SBE/p53RE) in AFP. Comparison of wild-type and p53-null mouse liver tissue by using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) reveals that the absence of p53 protein correlates with the disappearance of SnoN at the SBE/p53RE and loss of AFP developmental repression. Treatment of AFP-expressing hepatoma cells with transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) induced SnoN transcription and Smad2 activation, concomitant with AFP repression. ChIP assays show that TGF-beta1 stimulates p53, Smad4, P-Smad2 binding, and histone H3K9 deacetylation and methylation, at the SBE/p53RE. Depletion, by small interfering RNA, of SnoN and/or p53 in hepatoma cells disrupted repression of AFP transcription. These findings support a model of cooperativity between p53 and TGF-beta effectors in chromatin modification and transcription repression of an oncodevelopmental tumor marker gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepti S Wilkinson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ogden SK, Ascano M, Stegman MA, Suber LM, Hooper JE, Robbins DJ. Identification of a functional interaction between the transmembrane protein Smoothened and the kinesin-related protein Costal2. Curr Biol 2004; 13:1998-2003. [PMID: 14614827 PMCID: PMC3711143 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2003.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The hedgehog (Hh) family of morphogens plays important instructional roles in the development of numerous metazoan structures. Consistent with the role Hh homologs play in cell fate determination, aberrant Hh signaling results in numerous human pathologies. Hh signal transduction is initiated when Hh binds to its receptor Patched (Ptc), activating the transmembrane protein Smoothened (Smo). Smo transmits its activation signal to a microtubule-associated Hedgehog signaling complex (HSC). At a minimum, the HSC consists of the Kinesin-related protein Costal2 (Cos2), the protein kinase Fused (Fu), and the transcription factor Cubitus interruptus (Ci). In response to HSC activation, the ratio between repressor and activator forms of Ci is altered, determining the expression levels of various Hh target genes. The steps between Smo activation and signaling to the HSC have not been described. Here, we describe a functional interaction between Smo and Cos2, which is necessary for Hh signaling. We propose that this interaction is direct and allows for activation of Ci in response to Hh. This work fills in the last major gap in our understanding of the Hh signal transduction pathway by suggesting that no intermediate signal is required to connect Smo to the HSC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stacey K. Ogden
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Dartmouth Medical School 7650 Remsen Hall Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
| | - Manuel Ascano
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Dartmouth Medical School 7650 Remsen Hall Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
- Department of Molecular Genetics Graduate Program University of Cincinnati Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Melanie A. Stegman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Dartmouth Medical School 7650 Remsen Hall Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
- Department of Molecular Genetics Graduate Program University of Cincinnati Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Liza M. Suber
- Department of Molecular Genetics Graduate Program University of Cincinnati Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Joan E. Hooper
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology University of Colorado Health Sciences Center Denver, Colorado 80262
| | - David J. Robbins
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Dartmouth Medical School 7650 Remsen Hall Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) signal transduction pathway plays critical instructional roles during development. Activating mutations in human Hh signaling components predispose to a variety of tumor types, and have been observed in sporadic tumors occurring in a wide range of organs. Multiple insights into the regulation of Hh signaling have been achieved through studies using Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism. In Drosophila, regulation of the transcription factor Cubitus interruptus (Ci) is the ultimate target of the Hh pathway. Ci is regulated through communication of the membrane proteins Patched (Ptc) and Smoothened (Smo) to the intracellular Hedgehog Signaling Complex (HSC) in response to a graded concentration of Hh ligand. The HSC consists of the Kinesin Related Protein, Costal2 (Cos2), the serine-threonine protein kinase. Fused (Fu) and Ci. In the absence of Hh stimulation, the HSC is involved in processing of Ci to a truncated repressor protein. In response to Hh binding to Ptc, processing of Ci is blocked to allow for accumulation of full-length Ci activator protein(s). Differential concentrations of Hh ligand stimulate production of Ci transcriptional activators of varying strength, which facilitate activation of distinct subsets of target genes. The mechanism(s) by which Ptc and Smo communicate with the HSC in response to differential ligand concentrations to regulate Ci function are not yet fully elucidated. Here, we review what is known about regulation of individual Hh signaling components, concentrating on the mechanisms by which the Hh signal is propagated through Smo to the HSC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stacey K. Ogden
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, 7650 Remsen Hall, Hanover, NH 03755-3835, USA
| | - Manuel Ascano
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, 7650 Remsen Hall, Hanover, NH 03755-3835, USA
- Graduate Program, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0524, USA
| | - Melanie A. Stegman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, 7650 Remsen Hall, Hanover, NH 03755-3835, USA
- Graduate Program, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0524, USA
| | - David J. Robbins
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, 7650 Remsen Hall, Hanover, NH 03755-3835, USA
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +1-603-650-1716; fax: +1-603-650-1129. (D.J. Robbins)
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Stegman MA, Goetz JA, Ascano M, Ogden SK, Nybakken KE, Robbins DJ. The Kinesin-related protein Costal2 associates with membranes in a Hedgehog-sensitive, Smoothened-independent manner. J Biol Chem 2003; 279:7064-71. [PMID: 14645371 PMCID: PMC3659396 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m311794200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In Drosophila, Hedgehog (Hh) signal transduction has been shown to require a multiprotein complex (Hedgehog signaling complex (HSC)), which includes the Kinesin-related protein Costal2 (Cos2), the serine/threonine protein kinase Fused (Fu), and the transcription factor Cubitus interruptus (Ci). We present evidence that a biologically relevant fraction of the HSC is found in association with cellular membranes. We demonstrate that Cos2 is capable of tethering an exogenous protein to vesicular membranes and that Cos2 association with membranes is Hh-sensitive. In addition, we demonstrate that Cos2 associates with membranes in cells that lack the transmembrane protein Smoothened (Smo) through a domain of Cos2 distinct from its recently characterized Smo binding domain. We suggest that an Hh-regulated membrane binding activity of Cos2 is part of the mechanism by which Cos2 contributes to Hh signaling. We propose a model in which there are two distinct HSCs with discrete subcellular localizations and activities: one is endosome-associated and facilitates production of a repressor form of Ci (HSC-R), and one is Smo-associated and promotes Ci activation (HSC-A). In response to Hh and through interaction with Cos2, Smo mediates both inhibition of the endosome-associated HSC-R and activation of HSC-A at the plasma membrane.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Line
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Centrifugation, Density Gradient
- DNA/chemistry
- DNA-Binding Proteins/physiology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drosophila
- Drosophila Proteins/chemistry
- Drosophila Proteins/metabolism
- Drosophila Proteins/physiology
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Endosomes/metabolism
- Genes, Reporter
- Green Fluorescent Proteins
- Hedgehog Proteins
- Immunoblotting
- Kinesins/chemistry
- Kinesins/physiology
- Luminescent Proteins/metabolism
- Microscopy, Electron
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Models, Biological
- Protein Binding
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/physiology
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- RNA, Double-Stranded/chemistry
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/physiology
- Signal Transduction
- Smoothened Receptor
- Time Factors
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcriptional Activation
- Transfection
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A Stegman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755-3835, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ogden SK, Lee KC, Wernke-Dollries K, Stratton SA, Aronow B, Barton MC. p53 targets chromatin structure alteration to repress alpha-fetoprotein gene expression. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:42057-62. [PMID: 11572852 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c100381200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many of the functions ascribed to p53 tumor suppressor protein are mediated through transcription regulation. We have shown that p53 represses hepatic-specific alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) gene expression by direct interaction with a composite HNF-3/p53 DNA binding element. Using solid-phase, chromatin-assembled AFP DNA templates and analysis of chromatin structure and transcription in vitro, we find that p53 binds DNA and alters chromatin structure at the AFP core promoter to regulate transcription. Chromatin assembled in the presence of hepatoma extracts is activated for AFP transcription with an open, accessible core promoter structure. Distal (-850) binding of p53 during chromatin assembly, but not post-assembly, reverses transcription activation concomitant with promoter inaccessibility to restriction enzyme digestion. Inhibition of histone deacetylase activity by trichostatin-A (TSA) addition, prior to and during chromatin assembly, activated chromatin transcription in parallel with increased core promoter accessibility. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses showed increased H3 and H4 acetylated histones at the core promoter in the presence of TSA, while histone acetylation remained unchanged at the site of distal p53 binding. Our data reveal that p53 targets chromatin structure alteration at the core promoter, independently of effects on histone acetylation, to establish repressed AFP gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S K Ogden
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati and Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is associated with development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The exact mechanism by which chronic infection with HBV contributes to onset of HCC is unknown. However, previous studies have implicated the HBV transactivator protein, HBx, in progression of HCC through its ability to bind the human tumor suppressor protein, p53. In this study, we have examined the ability of HBx to modify p53 regulation of the HCC tumor marker gene, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). By utilizing in vitro chromatin assembly of DNA templates prior to transcription analysis, we have demonstrated that HBx functionally disrupts p53-mediated repression of AFP transcription through protein-protein interaction. HBx modification of p53 gene regulation is both tissue-specific and dependent upon the p53 binding element. Our data suggest that the mechanism by which HBx alleviates p53 repression of AFP transcription is through an association with DNA-bound p53, resulting in a loss of p53 interaction with liver-specific transcriptional co-repressors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S K Ogden
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|