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Dichtl S, Posch W, Wilflingseder D. The breathtaking world of human respiratory in vitro models: Investigating lung diseases and infections in 3D models, organoids, and lung-on-chip. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2250356. [PMID: 38361030 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic illustrated an urgent need for sophisticated, human tissue models to rapidly test and develop effective treatment options against this newly emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Thus, in particular, the last 3 years faced an extensive boost in respiratory and pulmonary model development. Nowadays, 3D models, organoids and lung-on-chip, respiratory models in perfusion, or precision-cut lung slices are used to study complex research questions in human primary cells. These models provide physiologically relevant systems for studying SARS-CoV-2 and, of course, other respiratory pathogens, but they are, too, suited for studying lung pathologies, such as CF, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or asthma, in more detail in terms of viral infection. With these models, the cornerstone has been laid for further advancing the organs by, for example, inclusion of several immune cell types or humoral immune components, combination with other organs in microfluidic organ-on-chip devices, standardization and harmonization of the devices for reliable and reproducible drug and vaccine testing in high throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Dichtl
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wilfried Posch
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Doris Wilflingseder
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Diem G, Dichtl S, Zaderer V, Lass-Flörl C, Reindl M, Lupoli G, Dächert C, Muenchhoff M, Graf A, Blum H, Keppler OT, Wilflingseder D, Posch W. Salivary antibodies induced by BA.4/BA.5-convalescence or bivalent booster Immunoglobulin vaccination protect against novel SARS-COV-2 variants of concern. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0179323. [PMID: 37551989 PMCID: PMC10581068 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01793-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5 subvariants BF.7 and BQ.1.1 are rapidly emerging worldwide. To evaluate the SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing capacity of sera and saliva from triple vaccinated individuals, either boosted with an adapted bivalent COVID-19 vaccine or recovered from BA.4/BA.5 infection, we analyzed the sensitivity of replication-competent SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BA.4/5, BQ.1.1 and BF.7 to neutralization. Analysis of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgGs and IgAs showed increased serum IgG titers in the vaccinated group, while the serum and salivary IgA levels were comparable. Similar and efficient serum neutralization against the ancestral strain of SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron BA.4/BA.5 was detected in both cohorts, but critically reduced for BQ.1.1 and BF.7. In contrast, salivary neutralization against BA.4/BA.5 was increased in the convalescent compared to the vaccinated group, while salivary neutralizing capacity against BQ.1.1 and BF.7 was comparable in these groups. Further, personalized protective effects studied in a human 3D respiratory model revealed the importance of salivary protection against different Omicron subvariants. IMPORTANCE In BA.4/BA.5-convalescent versus vaccinated groups, salivary neutralization capacity increased against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4/BA.5. In contrast, it neutralized novel Omicron subvariants BQ.1.1 and BF.7 similarly. Salivary protection against various Omicron subvariants was even more evident when tested in a personalized approach using highly differentiated respiratory human 3D models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Diem
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefanie Dichtl
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Viktoria Zaderer
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Cornelia Lass-Flörl
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Reindl
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gaia Lupoli
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christopher Dächert
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Muenchhoff
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Graf
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, Gene Center, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Blum
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, Gene Center, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver T. Keppler
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Doris Wilflingseder
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wilfried Posch
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Diem G, Jäger M, Dichtl S, Bauer A, Lass-Flörl C, Reindl M, Wilflingseder D, Posch W. Vaccination and Omicron BA.1/BA.2 Convalescence Enhance Systemic but Not Mucosal Immunity against BA.4/5. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0516322. [PMID: 37098903 PMCID: PMC10269517 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05163-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Rising breakthrough infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron BA.4/5 led to the performance of various studies investigating systemic immunity and neutralizing antibodies in sera, but mucosal immunity remains understudied. In this cohort study, the humoral immune responses, including immunoglobulin levels and the presence of virus-neutralizing antibodies, of 92 vaccinated and/or BA.1/BA.2 convalescent individuals were investigated. Cohorts received two doses of ChAdOx1, BNT162b2, or mRNA-1273 and subsequent booster vaccination with either BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273, following BA.1/BA.2 infection. In addition, vaccinated and nonconvalescent or unvaccinated and BA.1 convalescent individuals were studied. Serum and saliva samples were used to determine SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IgG and IgA titers and neutralizing activity against replication-competent SARS-CoV-2 wild-type virus and the Omicron BA.4/5 variant. Vaccinated/convalescent cohorts demonstrated strongest neutralization against BA.4/5, with 50% neutralization titer (NT50) values reaching 174.2; however, neutralization was reduced up to 11-fold, compared to wild-type virus. Both BA.1 convalescent and vaccinated nonconvalescent cohorts displayed the weakest neutralization against BA.4/5, with NT50 values being reduced to 4.6, accompanied by lower numbers of positive neutralizers. Additionally, salivary neutralization against wild-type virus was strongest in vaccinated and BA.2 convalescent subjects, but this elevated neutralization efficiency was lost when challenged with BA.4/5. Our data support the contention that current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines efficiently induce humoral immunity. However, antiviral effectiveness in serum and saliva is greatly reduced against novel variants of concern. These results suggest an adjustment of current vaccine strategies to an adapted or alternative vaccine delivery, such as mucosal booster vaccinations, which might establish enhanced or even sterilizing immunity against novel SARS-CoV-2 variants. IMPORTANCE Rising incidences of breakthrough infections caused by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4/5 have been observed. Although various studies were conducted investigating neutralizing antibodies in sera, mucosal immunity was barely evaluated. Here, we investigated mucosal immunity, since the presence of neutralizing antibodies at mucosal entry sites plays a fundamental role in disease limitation. We found strong induction of serum IgG/IgA, salivary IgA, and neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 wild-type virus in vaccinated/convalescent subjects but detected 10-fold reduced (albeit positive) serum neutralization against BA.4/5. Interestingly, vaccinated and BA.2 convalescent patients demonstrated the greatest serum neutralization against BA.4/5, but this advantageous neutralizing effect was not observed in the saliva. Our data support the contention that current COVID-19 vaccines are very efficient against severe/critical disease progression. Moreover, these results suggest an adjustment of the current vaccine strategy to adapted and alternative vaccine delivery, such as mucosal booster vaccinations, to establish robust sterilizing immunity against novel SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Diem
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Jäger
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefanie Dichtl
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Angelika Bauer
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Cornelia Lass-Flörl
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Reindl
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Doris Wilflingseder
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wilfried Posch
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Dichtl S, Diem G, Jäger M, Zaderer V, Lupoli G, Dächert C, Muenchhoff M, Graf A, Blum H, Keppler OT, Lass-Flörl C, Weiss G, Wilflingseder D, Posch W. Antiviral drugs block replication of highly immune-evasive Omicron subvariants ex vivo, but fail to reduce tissue inflammation. Antiviral Res 2023; 213:105581. [PMID: 36965526 PMCID: PMC10033493 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
The identification of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants BA.4/BA.5, BF.7 and BQ.1.1 immediately raised concerns regarding the efficacy of currently used monoclonal antibody therapies. Here we examined the activity of monoclonal antibody therapies and antiviral drugs against clinical specimens for SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4/BA.5, BF.7 and BQ.1.1 employing an immunofluorescence neutralization assay. Further we explored treatment of BA.4/BA.5 infections with efficient antiviral drugs and monoclonal antibodies in a 3D model of primary human bronchial epithelial cells. We found that the antiviral drugs Molnupiravir, Nirmatrelvir and Remdesivir efficiently inhibit BA.4/BA.5, BF.7 and BQ.1.1 replication. In contrast, only the monoclonal antibody Cilgavimab exerted an inhibitory effect, while Tixagevimab, Regdanvimab and Sotrovimab lost their efficacy against BA.4/BA.5. We found that only the prophylactic treatment with Cilgavimab impacted on tissue inflammation by reducing intracellular complement component 3 (C3) activation following BA.4/BA.5 infection in primary human airway epithelial grown in air-liquid-interphase, which was not the case when using antiviral drugs or Cilgavimab after establishment of infection. Of note, all tested monoclonal antibodies had no neutralizing activity during infection by BF.7 and BQ.1.1 variants. Our results suggest that despite a marked reduction of viral replication, potent antiviral drugs fail to reduce tissue levels of inflammatory compounds such as C3, which can still result in tissue destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Dichtl
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gabriel Diem
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Jäger
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Viktoria Zaderer
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gaia Lupoli
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christopher Dächert
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Muenchhoff
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Graf
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, Gene Center, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Blum
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, Gene Center, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver T Keppler
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Cornelia Lass-Flörl
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Doris Wilflingseder
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Wilfried Posch
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Zaderer V, Dichtl S, Posch W, Abiatari I, Bonn GK, Jakschitz T, Huber LA, Kurzchalia TV, Wilflingseder D. GlyPerA™ effectively shields airway epithelia from SARS-CoV-2 infection and inflammatory events. Respir Res 2023; 24:88. [PMID: 36949547 PMCID: PMC10032620 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02397-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
New SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) and waning immunity illustrate that quick and easy-to-use agents are needed to prevent infection. To protect from viral transmission and subsequent inflammatory reactions, we applied GlyperA™, a novel antimicrobial formulation that can be used as mouth gargling solution or as nasal spray, to highly differentiated human airway epithelia prior infection with Omicron VOCs BA.1 and BA.2. This formulation fully protected polarized human epithelium cultured in air-liquid interphase (ALI) from SARS-CoV-2-mediated tissue destruction and infection upon single application up to two days post infection. Moreover, inflammatory reactions induced by the Omicron VOCs were significantly lowered in tissue equivalents either pre-treated with the GlyperA™ solution, or even when added simultaneously. Thus, the GlyperA™ formulation significantly shielded epithelial integrity, successfully blocked infection with Omicron and release of viral particles, and decreased intracellular complement C3 activation within human airway epithelial cell cultures. Crucially, our in vitro data imply that GlyperA™ may be a simple tool to prevent from SARS-CoV-2 infection independent on the circulating variant via both, mouth and nose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Zaderer
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstrasse 41/R311, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefanie Dichtl
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstrasse 41/R311, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wilfried Posch
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstrasse 41/R311, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ivane Abiatari
- School of Natural Sciences and Medicine Tbilisi, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Günther K Bonn
- Austrian Drug Screening Institute (ADSI), Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Lukas A Huber
- Austrian Drug Screening Institute (ADSI), Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Doris Wilflingseder
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstrasse 41/R311, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Zaderer V, Dichtl S, Bellmann-Weiler R, Lass-Flörl C, Posch W, Wilflingseder D. Correction: ColdZyme® protects airway epithelia from infection with BA.4/5. Respir Res 2023; 24:27. [PMID: 36694236 PMCID: PMC9875505 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02326-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Zaderer
- grid.5361.10000 0000 8853 2677Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstrasse 41/R311, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefanie Dichtl
- grid.5361.10000 0000 8853 2677Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstrasse 41/R311, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rosa Bellmann-Weiler
- grid.5361.10000 0000 8853 2677Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Cornelia Lass-Flörl
- grid.5361.10000 0000 8853 2677Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstrasse 41/R311, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wilfried Posch
- grid.5361.10000 0000 8853 2677Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstrasse 41/R311, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Doris Wilflingseder
- grid.5361.10000 0000 8853 2677Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstrasse 41/R311, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Jäger M, Dichtl S, Bellmann-Weiler R, Reindl M, Lass-Flörl C, Wilflingseder D, Posch W. Serum Neutralization Against SARS-CoV-2 Variants Is Heterogenic and Depends on Vaccination Regimen. J Infect Dis 2022; 227:528-532. [PMID: 36315869 PMCID: PMC9927074 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Omicron variants are still the dominant SARS-CoV-2 viruses worldwide, therefore determination of the level of protection from infection and severe disease is essential. Here, we investigated humoral and cellular immunity of individuals immunized by ChAdOx1, BNT162b2, and mRNA-1273 and our results show that IgG and neutralization titers wane over time. However, strongest neutralization against Omicron BA.1 and T-cell responses were detected in ChAdOx1 vaccinees 6 months after the second dose, while no long-lasting neutralization was shown against BA.2 in any cohort. Crucially, our investigation revealed that immunity against variants of concern is heterogenic and dependent on the immunization status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Jäger
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefanie Dichtl
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rosa Bellmann-Weiler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Reindl
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Cornelia Lass-Flörl
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Doris Wilflingseder
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wilfried Posch
- Correspondence: Wilfried Posch, PhD, Medical University of Innsbruck, Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Schöpfstrasse 41/R311, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria ()
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Watson CK, Schloesser D, Fundel-Clemens K, Lerner C, Gabler S, Baskaran P, Wohnhaas CT, Dichtl S, Huber HJ, Ask K, Gantner F, Viollet C, Thomas MJ, Ramirez F, Murray PJ, El Kasmi KC. Anti-Fibrotic Drug Nintedanib Inhibits CSF1R to Promote IL-4-associated Tissue Repair Macrophages. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 68:366-380. [PMID: 36227799 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0021oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pro-fibrotic and pro-homeostatic macrophage phenotypes remain ill-defined, both in vivo and in vitro impeding successful development of drugs that reprogram macrophages as an attractive therapeutic approach to manage fibrotic disease. The goal to of this study was to reveal pro-fibrotic and pro-homeostatic macrophage phenotypes which could guide the design of new therapeutic approaches targeting macrophages to treat fibrotic disease. We used nintedanib, a broad kinase inhibitor, approved for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) to dissect lung macrophage phenotypes during fibrosis-linked inflammation by combining in vivo and in vitro bulk and single cell RNA sequencing approaches. In the bleomycin model, nintedanib drove expression of IL-4/IL-13 associated genes important for tissue regeneration and repair at early and late time points in lung macrophages. These findings were replicated in vitro in mouse primary bone marrow derived macrophages exposed to IL-4/IL-13 and nintedanib. In addition, nintedanib promoted expression of IL-4/IL-13 pathway genes in human macrophages in vitro. The molecular mechanism was connected to inhibition of the CSF1 receptor (CSF1R) in both human and mouse macrophages. Moreover, nintedanib counterbalanced the effects of TNF on IL-4/IL-13 in macrophages to promote expression of IL-4/IL-13 regulated tissue repair genes in fibrotic contexts in vivo and in vitro. Our study demonstrates the one of nintedanib's anti-fibrotic mechanisms is to increase IL-4 signaling in macrophages through inhibition of CSF1 receptor resulting in promotion of tissue repair phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin K Watson
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co KG Forschungs- und Entwicklungs-Standort Biberach, Immunology + Respiratory , Biberach, Germany
| | - Daniela Schloesser
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co KG Forschungs- und Entwicklungs-Standort Biberach, Biberach, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Katrin Fundel-Clemens
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co KG Forschungs- und Entwicklungs-Standort Biberach, Global Computational Biology, Biberach, Germany
| | - Carmen Lerner
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co KG Forschungs- und Entwicklungs-Standort Biberach, Biberach, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Svenja Gabler
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co KG Forschungs- und Entwicklungs-Standort Biberach, Biberach, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Praveen Baskaran
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co KG Forschungs- und Entwicklungs-Standort Biberach, Biberach, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Christian T Wohnhaas
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co KG Forschungs- und Entwicklungs-Standort Biberach, Biberach, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dichtl
- Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Bayern, Germany
| | - Heinrich J Huber
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co KG Forschungs- und Entwicklungs-Standort Biberach, Biberach, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Kjetil Ask
- McMaster University, Medicine, HAMILTON, Ontario, Canada
| | - Florian Gantner
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Coralie Viollet
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co KG Forschungs- und Entwicklungs-Standort Biberach, Biberach, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Matthew J Thomas
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co KG Forschungs- und Entwicklungs-Standort Biberach, Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Biberach, Germany
| | - Fidel Ramirez
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co KG Forschungs- und Entwicklungs-Standort Biberach, Biberach, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Peter J Murray
- Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Bayern, Germany
| | - Karim C El Kasmi
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co KG Forschungs- und Entwicklungs-Standort Biberach, Biberach, Baden-Württemberg, Germany;
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Dichtl S, Zaderer V, Kozubowski V, Abd El Halim H, Lafon E, Lanser L, Weiss G, Lass-Flörl C, Wilflingseder D, Posch W. Cilgavimab/Tixagevimab as alternative therapeutic approach for BA.2 infections. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1005589. [PMID: 36250084 PMCID: PMC9556863 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1005589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The identification of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants BA.1 and BA.2 immediately raised concerns about the efficacy of currently used monoclonal antibody therapies. Here, we analyzed the activity of Sotrovimab and Regdanvimab, which are used in clinics for treatment of moderate to severe SARS-CoV-2 infections, and Cilgavimab/Tixagevimab, which are approved for prophylactic use, against BA.1 and BA.2 in a 3D model of primary human bronchial epithelial cells. Methods Primary human airway epithelia (HAE) cells in a 3D tissue model were infected with clinical isolates of SARS-CoV-2 Delta, BA.1 or BA.2. To mimic the therapeutic use of mAbs, we added Regdanvimab, Sotrovimab or Cilgavimab/Tixagevimab 6 h after infection. In order to mirror the prophylactic use of Cilgavimab/Tixagevimab, we added this compound 6 h prior to infection to the fully differentiated, pseudostratified epithelia cultured in air-liquid interphase (ALI). Results We observed that Sotrovimab, but not Regdanvimab, is active against BA.1; however, both antibodies lose their efficacy against BA.2. In contrast, we found that BA.2 was sensitive to neutralization by the approved prophylactic administration and the therapeutic use, which is not yet permitted, of Cilgavimab/Tixagevimab. Conclusion Importantly, while the use of Tixagevimab/Cilgavimab is effective in controlling BA.2 but not BA.1 infection, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with efficacy against BA.1 are ineffective to reduce BA.2 virus replication in a human lung model. Our data may have implications on the variant specific clinical use of monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Dichtl
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Viktoria Zaderer
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Viktoria Kozubowski
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hussam Abd El Halim
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eliott Lafon
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas Lanser
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Cornelia Lass-Flörl
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Doris Wilflingseder
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- *Correspondence: Doris Wilflingseder,
| | - Wilfried Posch
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Wilfried Posch,
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10
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Jäger M, Sonnleitner ST, Dichtl S, Lafon E, Diem G, Walder G, Lass-Flörl C, Wilflingseder D, Posch W. Immune Responses Against SARS-CoV-2 WT and Delta Variant in Elderly BNT162b2 Vaccinees. Front Immunol 2022; 13:868361. [PMID: 35833113 PMCID: PMC9271971 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.868361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundResidents of nursing homes are one of the most vulnerable groups during the severe acute syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. The aim of this study was to characterize cellular and humoral immune responses in >70-year-old participants before vaccination, after first and second vaccination with BNT162b2, in contrast to second-dose-vaccinated participants younger than 60 years.MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells of 45 elderly and 40 younger vaccinees were analyzed by IFNγ ELISpot, specific immunoglobulin G antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, and neutralization abilities against SARS-CoV-2 wild-type (WT) and Delta variant (B.1.617.2).ResultsOur results clearly demonstrate a significantly increased T cell response, IgG titers, and neutralization activities against SARS-CoV-2 WT and Delta between first and second vaccination with BNT162b2 in elderly vaccinees, thereby highlighting the importance of the second booster. Interestingly, similar cellular and humoral immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 WT and Delta were found after the second vaccine dose in the young and elderly groups.ConclusionsOur data demonstrate a full picture of cellular and humoral immune responses of BNT162b2-vaccinees in two age cohorts. In all vaccines, SARS-CoV-2 WT-specific antibodies with similar neutralizing activity were detected in all vaccinees. After the second vaccination, neutralization titers against SARS-CoV-2 Delta were impaired in both age groups compared with SARS-CoV-2 WT, thereby emphasizing the need for an additional booster to overcome rising variants of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Jäger
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sissy Therese Sonnleitner
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Medical Laboratory, Department of Virology, Dr. Gernot Walder GmbH, Ausservillgraten, Austria
| | - Stefanie Dichtl
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eliott Lafon
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gabriel Diem
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gernot Walder
- Medical Laboratory, Department of Virology, Dr. Gernot Walder GmbH, Ausservillgraten, Austria
| | - Cornelia Lass-Flörl
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Doris Wilflingseder
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wilfried Posch
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- *Correspondence: Wilfried Posch,
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11
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Sanin DE, Ge Y, Marinkovic E, Kabat AM, Castoldi A, Caputa G, Grzes KM, Curtis JD, Thompson EA, Willenborg S, Dichtl S, Reinhardt S, Dahl A, Pearce EL, Eming SA, Gerbaulet A, Roers A, Murray PJ, Pearce EJ. A common framework of monocyte-derived macrophage activation. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabl7482. [PMID: 35427180 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abl7482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages populate every organ during homeostasis and disease, displaying features of tissue imprinting and heterogeneous activation. The disconnected picture of macrophage biology that has emerged from these observations is a barrier for integration across models or with in vitro macrophage activation paradigms. We set out to contextualize macrophage heterogeneity across mouse tissues and inflammatory conditions, specifically aiming to define a common framework of macrophage activation. We built a predictive model with which we mapped the activation of macrophages across 12 tissues and 25 biological conditions, finding a notable commonality and finite number of transcriptional profiles, in particular among infiltrating macrophages, which we modeled as defined stages along four conserved activation paths. These activation paths include a "phagocytic" regulatory path, an "inflammatory" cytokine-producing path, an "oxidative stress" antimicrobial path, or a "remodeling" extracellular matrix deposition path. We verified this model with adoptive cell transfer experiments and identified transient RELMɑ expression as a feature of monocyte-derived macrophage tissue engraftment. We propose that this integrative approach of macrophage classification allows the establishment of a common predictive framework of monocyte-derived macrophage activation in inflammation and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Sanin
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Oncology, Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Yan Ge
- Institute for Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Emilija Marinkovic
- Institute for Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Agnieszka M Kabat
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Oncology, Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Angela Castoldi
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - George Caputa
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katarzyna M Grzes
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Oncology, Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Jonathan D Curtis
- Department of Oncology, Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Thompson
- Department of Oncology, Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Sebastian Willenborg
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Kerpenerstr. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dichtl
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Susanne Reinhardt
- DRESDEN-concept Genome Center, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 105, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Dahl
- DRESDEN-concept Genome Center, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 105, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Erika L Pearce
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Oncology, Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Sabine A Eming
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Kerpenerstr. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Zoology, Developmental Biology Unit, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Gerbaulet
- Institute for Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Axel Roers
- Institute for Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter J Murray
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Edward J Pearce
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Oncology, Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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12
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Dichtl S, Sanin DE, Koss CK, Willenborg S, Petzold A, Tanzer MC, Dahl A, Kabat AM, Lindenthal L, Zeitler L, Satzinger S, Strasser A, Mann M, Roers A, Eming SA, El Kasmi KC, Pearce EJ, Murray PJ. Gene-selective transcription promotes the inhibition of tissue reparative macrophages by TNF. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/4/e202101315. [PMID: 35027468 PMCID: PMC8761491 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory TNF is a highly gene-selective inhibitor of the gene expression program of tissue repair and wound healing macrophages. Anti-TNF therapies are a core anti-inflammatory approach for chronic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn’s Disease. Previously, we and others found that TNF blocks the emergence and function of alternative-activated or M2 macrophages involved in wound healing and tissue-reparative functions. Conceivably, anti-TNF drugs could mediate their protective effects in part by an altered balance of macrophage activity. To understand the mechanistic basis of how TNF regulates tissue-reparative macrophages, we used RNAseq, scRNAseq, ATACseq, time-resolved phospho-proteomics, gene-specific approaches, metabolic analysis, and signaling pathway deconvolution. We found that TNF controls tissue-reparative macrophage gene expression in a highly gene-specific way, dependent on JNK signaling via the type 1 TNF receptor on specific populations of alternative-activated macrophages. We further determined that JNK signaling has a profound and broad effect on activated macrophage gene expression. Our findings suggest that TNF’s anti-M2 effects evolved to specifically modulate components of tissue and reparative M2 macrophages and TNF is therefore a context-specific modulator of M2 macrophages rather than a pan-M2 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David E Sanin
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.,The Bloomberg∼Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carolin K Koss
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Petzold
- Deep Sequencing Group, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maria C Tanzer
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Andreas Dahl
- Deep Sequencing Group, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Agnieszka M Kabat
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.,The Bloomberg∼Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Leonie Zeitler
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | | | | | - Matthias Mann
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Axel Roers
- Institute for Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sabine A Eming
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Zoology, Developmental Biology Unit, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Edward J Pearce
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.,The Bloomberg∼Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter J Murray
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
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13
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Haschka D, Grander M, Eibensteiner J, Dichtl S, Koppelstätter S, Weiss G. Nifedipine Potentiates Susceptibility of Salmonella Typhimurium to Different Classes of Antibiotics. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10101200. [PMID: 34680781 PMCID: PMC8532624 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10101200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcium channel blocker nifedipine induces cellular iron export, thereby limiting the availability of the essential nutrient iron for intracellular pathogens, resulting in bacteriostatic activity. To study if nifedipine may exert a synergistic anti-microbial activity when combined with antibiotics, we used the mouse macrophage cell line RAW267.4, infected with the intracellular bacterium Salmonella Typhimurium, and exposed the cells to varying concentrations of nifedipine and/or ampicillin, azithromycin and ceftriaxone. We observed a significant additive effect of nifedipine in combination with various antibiotics, which was not observed when using Salmonella, with defects in iron uptake. Of interest, increasing intracellular iron levels increased the bacterial resistance to treatment with antibiotics or nifedipine or their combination. We further showed that nifedipine increases the expression of the siderophore-binding peptide lipocalin-2 and promotes iron storage within ferritin, where the metal is less accessible for bacteria. Our data provide evidence for an additive effect of nifedipine with conventional antibiotics against Salmonella, which is partly linked to reduced bacterial access to iron.
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14
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Brigo N, Pfeifhofer-Obermair C, Tymoszuk P, Demetz E, Engl S, Barros-Pinkelnig M, Dichtl S, Fischer C, Valente De Souza L, Petzer V, von Raffay L, Hilbe R, Berger S, Seifert M, Schleicher U, Bogdan C, Weiss G. Cytokine-Mediated Regulation of ARG1 in Macrophages and Its Impact on the Control of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Infection. Cells 2021; 10:1823. [PMID: 34359992 PMCID: PMC8307077 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginase 1 (ARG1) is a cytosolic enzyme that cleaves L-arginine, the substrate of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and thereby impairs the control of various intracellular pathogens. Herein, we investigated the role of ARG1 during infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S.tm). To study the impact of ARG1 on Salmonella infections in vitro, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) from C57BL/6N wild-type, ARG1-deficient Tie2Cre+/-ARG1fl/fl and NRAMPG169 C57BL/6N mice were infected with S.tm. In wild-type BMDM, ARG1 was induced by S.tm and further upregulated by the addition of interleukin (IL)-4, whereas interferon-γ had an inhibitory effect. Deletion of ARG1 did not result in a reduction in bacterial numbers. In vivo, Arg1 mRNA was upregulated in the spleen, but not in the liver of C57BL/6N mice following intraperitoneal S.tm infection. The genetic deletion of ARG1 (Tie2Cre+/-ARG1fl/fl) or its pharmacological inhibition with CB-1158 neither affected the numbers of S.tm in spleen, liver and blood nor the expression of host response genes such as iNOS, IL-6 or tumour necrosis factor (TNF). Furthermore, ARG1 was dispensable for pathogen control irrespective of the presence or absence of the phagolysosomal natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1). Thus, unlike the detrimental function of ARG1 seen during infections with other intraphagosomal microorganisms, ARG1 did not support bacterial survival in systemic salmonellosis, indicating differential roles of arginine metabolism for host immune response and microbe persistence depending on the type of pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Brigo
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (N.B.); (C.P.-O.); (P.T.); (E.D.); (S.E.); (M.B.-P.); (S.D.); (C.F.); (L.V.D.S.); (V.P.); (L.v.R.); (R.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Christa Pfeifhofer-Obermair
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (N.B.); (C.P.-O.); (P.T.); (E.D.); (S.E.); (M.B.-P.); (S.D.); (C.F.); (L.V.D.S.); (V.P.); (L.v.R.); (R.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Piotr Tymoszuk
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (N.B.); (C.P.-O.); (P.T.); (E.D.); (S.E.); (M.B.-P.); (S.D.); (C.F.); (L.V.D.S.); (V.P.); (L.v.R.); (R.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Egon Demetz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (N.B.); (C.P.-O.); (P.T.); (E.D.); (S.E.); (M.B.-P.); (S.D.); (C.F.); (L.V.D.S.); (V.P.); (L.v.R.); (R.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Sabine Engl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (N.B.); (C.P.-O.); (P.T.); (E.D.); (S.E.); (M.B.-P.); (S.D.); (C.F.); (L.V.D.S.); (V.P.); (L.v.R.); (R.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Marina Barros-Pinkelnig
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (N.B.); (C.P.-O.); (P.T.); (E.D.); (S.E.); (M.B.-P.); (S.D.); (C.F.); (L.V.D.S.); (V.P.); (L.v.R.); (R.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Stefanie Dichtl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (N.B.); (C.P.-O.); (P.T.); (E.D.); (S.E.); (M.B.-P.); (S.D.); (C.F.); (L.V.D.S.); (V.P.); (L.v.R.); (R.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Christine Fischer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (N.B.); (C.P.-O.); (P.T.); (E.D.); (S.E.); (M.B.-P.); (S.D.); (C.F.); (L.V.D.S.); (V.P.); (L.v.R.); (R.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Lara Valente De Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (N.B.); (C.P.-O.); (P.T.); (E.D.); (S.E.); (M.B.-P.); (S.D.); (C.F.); (L.V.D.S.); (V.P.); (L.v.R.); (R.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.)
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Verena Petzer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (N.B.); (C.P.-O.); (P.T.); (E.D.); (S.E.); (M.B.-P.); (S.D.); (C.F.); (L.V.D.S.); (V.P.); (L.v.R.); (R.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Laura von Raffay
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (N.B.); (C.P.-O.); (P.T.); (E.D.); (S.E.); (M.B.-P.); (S.D.); (C.F.); (L.V.D.S.); (V.P.); (L.v.R.); (R.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Richard Hilbe
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (N.B.); (C.P.-O.); (P.T.); (E.D.); (S.E.); (M.B.-P.); (S.D.); (C.F.); (L.V.D.S.); (V.P.); (L.v.R.); (R.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Sylvia Berger
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (N.B.); (C.P.-O.); (P.T.); (E.D.); (S.E.); (M.B.-P.); (S.D.); (C.F.); (L.V.D.S.); (V.P.); (L.v.R.); (R.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Markus Seifert
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (N.B.); (C.P.-O.); (P.T.); (E.D.); (S.E.); (M.B.-P.); (S.D.); (C.F.); (L.V.D.S.); (V.P.); (L.v.R.); (R.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.)
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ulrike Schleicher
- Mikrobiologisches Institut—Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie, und Hygiene, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Wasserturmstraße 3/5, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (U.S.); (C.B.)
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Bogdan
- Mikrobiologisches Institut—Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie, und Hygiene, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Wasserturmstraße 3/5, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (U.S.); (C.B.)
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (N.B.); (C.P.-O.); (P.T.); (E.D.); (S.E.); (M.B.-P.); (S.D.); (C.F.); (L.V.D.S.); (V.P.); (L.v.R.); (R.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.)
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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15
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Haschka D, Tymoszuk P, Petzer V, Hilbe R, Heeke S, Dichtl S, Skvortsov S, Demetz E, Berger S, Seifert M, Mitterstiller AM, Moser P, Bumann D, Nairz M, Theurl I, Weiss G. Ferritin H deficiency deteriorates cellular iron handling and worsens Salmonella typhimurium infection by triggering hyperinflammation. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e141760. [PMID: 34236052 PMCID: PMC8410025 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.141760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential nutrient for mammals as well as for pathogens. Inflammation-driven changes in systemic and cellular iron homeostasis are central for host-mediated antimicrobial strategies. Here, we studied the role of the iron storage protein ferritin H (FTH) for the control of infections with the intracellular pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium by macrophages. Mice lacking FTH in the myeloid lineage (LysM-Cre+/+Fthfl/fl mice) displayed impaired iron storage capacities in the tissue leukocyte compartment, increased levels of labile iron in macrophages, and an accelerated macrophage-mediated iron turnover. While under steady-state conditions, LysM-Cre+/+Fth+/+ and LysM-Cre+/+Fthfl/fl animals showed comparable susceptibility to Salmonella infection, i.v. iron supplementation drastically shortened survival of LysM-Cre+/+Fthfl/fl mice. Mechanistically, these animals displayed increased bacterial burden, which contributed to uncontrolled triggering of NF-κB and inflammasome signaling and development of cytokine storm and death. Importantly, pharmacologic inhibition of the inflammasome and IL-1β pathways reduced cytokine levels and mortality and partly restored infection control in iron-treated ferritin-deficient mice. These findings uncover incompletely characterized roles of ferritin and cellular iron turnover in myeloid cells in controlling bacterial spread and for modulating NF-κB and inflammasome-mediated cytokine activation, which may be of vital importance in iron-overloaded individuals suffering from severe infections and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Haschka
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Piotr Tymoszuk
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Verena Petzer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Richard Hilbe
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Simon Heeke
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefanie Dichtl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sergej Skvortsov
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Laboratory for Experimental and Translational Research on Radiation Oncology, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Egon Demetz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sylvia Berger
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Seifert
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | - Dirk Bumann
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Nairz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Igor Theurl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Guenter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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16
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Dichtl S, Lindenthal L, Zeitler L, Behnke K, Schlösser D, Strobl B, Scheller J, El Kasmi KC, Murray PJ. Lactate and IL6 define separable paths of inflammatory metabolic adaptation. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/26/eabg3505. [PMID: 34162546 PMCID: PMC8221612 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg3505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Lactate is an end point of Warburg-type metabolism found in inflammatory macrophages. Recently, lactate was shown to modify histones of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages in a time-dependent way and promote the expression of genes linked to tissue repair, including arginase-1 (Arg1). We tested the interrelationships between histone lactylation (Kla) and tissue reparative gene expression and found that Kla was uncoupled from changes in gene expression linked to resolving M2 macrophage activation but correlated with Arg1 expression. LPS-induced Arg1 was instead dependent on autocrine-paracrine interleukin-6 (IL6) production, the IL6 receptor, and Stat3 signal transduction. We found that Kla increases as macrophages prepare to die under inflammatory stress, and Kla was absent in macrophages that cannot generate reactive nitrogen or have defects in diverse macrophage death pathways. Thus, Kla is a consequence rather than a cause of macrophage activation but occurs coincidently with an IL6- and Arg1-dependent metabolic rewiring under inflammatory duress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leonie Zeitler
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Kristina Behnke
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Birgit Strobl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Scheller
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karim C El Kasmi
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397 Biberach, Germany
| | - Peter J Murray
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.
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17
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Demetz E, Tymoszuk P, Hilbe R, Volani C, Haschka D, Heim C, Auer K, Lener D, Zeiger LB, Pfeifhofer-Obermair C, Boehm A, Obermair GJ, Ablinger C, Coassin S, Lamina C, Kager J, Petzer V, Asshoff M, Schroll A, Nairz M, Dichtl S, Seifert M, von Raffay L, Fischer C, Barros-Pinkelnig M, Brigo N, Valente de Souza L, Sopper S, Hirsch J, Graber M, Gollmann-Tepeköylü C, Holfeld J, Halper J, Macheiner S, Gostner J, Vogel GF, Pechlaner R, Moser P, Imboden M, Marques-Vidal P, Probst-Hensch NM, Meiselbach H, Strauch K, Peters A, Paulweber B, Willeit J, Kiechl S, Kronenberg F, Theurl I, Tancevski I, Weiss G. The haemochromatosis gene Hfe and Kupffer cells control LDL cholesterol homeostasis and impact on atherosclerosis development. Eur Heart J 2020; 41:3949-3959. [PMID: 32227235 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Imbalances of iron metabolism have been linked to the development of atherosclerosis. However, subjects with hereditary haemochromatosis have a lower prevalence of cardiovascular disease. The aim of our study was to understand the underlying mechanisms by combining data from genome-wide association study analyses in humans, CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, and loss-of-function studies in mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Our analysis of the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium (GLGC) dataset revealed that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the haemochromatosis gene HFE associate with reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in human plasma. The LDL-C lowering effect could be phenocopied in dyslipidaemic ApoE-/- mice lacking Hfe, which translated into reduced atherosclerosis burden. Mechanistically, we identified HFE as a negative regulator of LDL receptor expression in hepatocytes. Moreover, we uncovered liver-resident Kupffer cells (KCs) as central players in cholesterol homeostasis as they were found to acquire and transfer LDL-derived cholesterol to hepatocytes in an Abca1-dependent fashion, which is controlled by iron availability. CONCLUSION Our results disentangle novel regulatory interactions between iron metabolism, KC biology and cholesterol homeostasis which are promising targets for treating dyslipidaemia but also provide a mechanistic explanation for reduced cardiovascular morbidity in subjects with haemochromatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egon Demetz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Piotr Tymoszuk
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Richard Hilbe
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Chiara Volani
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David Haschka
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christiane Heim
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kristina Auer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniela Lener
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lucas B Zeiger
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christa Pfeifhofer-Obermair
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna Boehm
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerald J Obermair
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Fritz-Pregl-Straße 3, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Division of Physiology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Cornelia Ablinger
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Fritz-Pregl-Straße 3, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan Coassin
- Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstraße 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Claudia Lamina
- Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstraße 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Juliane Kager
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Verena Petzer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Malte Asshoff
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrea Schroll
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manfred Nairz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefanie Dichtl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Seifert
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Laura von Raffay
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christine Fischer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marina Barros-Pinkelnig
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Natascha Brigo
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lara Valente de Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sieghart Sopper
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jakob Hirsch
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Graber
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Can Gollmann-Tepeköylü
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Holfeld
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Julia Halper
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sophie Macheiner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johanna Gostner
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/IV, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Georg F Vogel
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Raimund Pechlaner
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Patrizia Moser
- Department of Pathology, Innsbruck University Hospital, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Medea Imboden
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstraße 57, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Public Health, University of Basel, Bernoullistraße 28, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicole M Probst-Hensch
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstraße 57, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Public Health, University of Basel, Bernoullistraße 28, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Heike Meiselbach
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, Maximiliansplatz 2, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Lazarettstraße 36, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Paulweber
- First Department of Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Strubergasse 21, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Johann Willeit
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan Kiechl
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstraße 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Igor Theurl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ivan Tancevski
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Guenter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Schick J, Schäfer J, Alexander C, Dichtl S, Murray PJ, Christensen D, Sorg U, Pfeffer K, Schleicher U, Lang R. Cutting Edge: TNF Is Essential for Mycobacteria-Induced MINCLE Expression, Macrophage Activation, and Th17 Adjuvanticity. J Immunol 2020; 205:323-328. [PMID: 32540999 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
TNF blockade is a successful treatment for human autoimmune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease yet increases susceptibility to tuberculosis and other infections. The C-type lectin receptors (CLR) MINCLE, MCL, and DECTIN-2 are expressed on myeloid cells and sense mycobacterial cell wall glycolipids. In this study, we show that TNF is sufficient to upregulate MINCLE, MCL, and DECTIN-2 in macrophages. TNF signaling through TNFR1 p55 was required for upregulation of these CLR and for cytokine secretion in macrophages stimulated with the MINCLE ligand trehalose-6,6-dibehenate or infected with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin. The Th17 response to immunization with the MINCLE-dependent adjuvant trehalose-6,6-dibehenate was specifically abrogated in TNF-deficient mice and strongly attenuated by TNF blockade with etanercept. Together, interference with production or signaling of TNF antagonized the expression of DECTIN-2 family CLR, thwarting vaccine responses and possibly increasing infection risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Schick
- Institut für Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johanna Schäfer
- Institut für Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Alexander
- Zelluläre Mikrobiologie, Forschungszentrum Borstel, Leibniz Lungenzentrum, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dichtl
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Peter J Murray
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Adjuvant Research, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institute, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | - Ursula Sorg
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Krankenhaushygiene, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Pfeffer
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Krankenhaushygiene, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schleicher
- Institut für Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roland Lang
- Institut für Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
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Coraça-Huber DC, Dichtl S, Steixner S, Nogler M, Weiss G. Iron chelation destabilizes bacterial biofilms and potentiates the antimicrobial activity of antibiotics against coagulase-negative Staphylococci. Pathog Dis 2019; 76:5026171. [PMID: 29860413 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/fty052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The ability of certain bacteria to form biofilms underlies their capacity to cause medical device-associated infections. Most bacteria need the metal iron for their proliferation but also to form biofilms. The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate whether iron restriction upon application of the iron chelator deferiprone (DFP) impacts on bacterial biofilm formation and whether such an intervention can exert synergistic effects towards the antibacterial activity of three antibiotic compounds against coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) residing on titanium plates. METHODS Bacteria were seeded on titanium discs and cultured to obtain biofilms. Biofilms were then exposed to DFP and/or antibiotic treatment with clindamycin, gentamycin or vancomycin. Fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used for morphological analysis of the biofilms before and after treatment. RESULTS Whereas DFP alone had only a moderate inhibitory effect on biofilm growth, the combination of DFP with the respective antibiotics resulted in a significant decline of bacterial numbers by two to three logs as compared to the effect of antibiotics alone. Fluorescence staining and SEM demonstrated severe damage to even complete destruction of biofilms after combined treatment with DFP and antibiotics that was not the case upon sole treatment with antibiotics. CONCLUSION Iron chelation is able to potentiate the antibacterial activity of conventional antibiotics by destroying bacterial biofilms that recommends this combination as a promising strategy for the treatment of chronic device infections with biofilm producing CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora C Coraça-Huber
- Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 36, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefanie Dichtl
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pneumology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stephan Steixner
- Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 36, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Nogler
- Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 36, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pneumology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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20
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Haschka D, Volani C, Stefani A, Tymoszuk P, Mitterling T, Holzknecht E, Heidbreder A, Coassin S, Sumbalova Z, Seifert M, Dichtl S, Theurl I, Gnaiger E, Kronenberg F, Frauscher B, Högl B, Weiss G. Association of mitochondrial iron deficiency and dysfunction with idiopathic restless legs syndrome. Mov Disord 2018; 34:114-123. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.27482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David Haschka
- Department of Internal Medicine II Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
| | - Chiara Volani
- Department of Internal Medicine II Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
| | - Ambra Stefani
- Department of Neurology Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
| | - Piotr Tymoszuk
- Department of Internal Medicine II Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
| | - Thomas Mitterling
- Department of Neurology Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
- Department of Neurology Wagner‐Jauregg Hospital Linz Linz Austria
| | - Evi Holzknecht
- Department of Neurology Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
| | - Anna Heidbreder
- Department of Neurology Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders University Hospital Muenster Muenster Germany
| | - Stefan Coassin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
| | - Zuzana Sumbalova
- Pharmacobiochemical Laboratory of the 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Bratislava Comenius University Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Markus Seifert
- Department of Internal Medicine II Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
| | - Stefanie Dichtl
- Department of Internal Medicine II Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
| | - Igor Theurl
- Department of Internal Medicine II Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
| | - Erich Gnaiger
- Department of General and Transplant Surgery, D. Swarovski Research Laboratory Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- Department of Medical Genetics, Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
| | - Birgit Frauscher
- Department of Neurology Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
| | - Birgit Högl
- Department of Neurology Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
| | - Guenter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
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Nairz M, Dichtl S, Schroll A, Haschka D, Tymoszuk P, Theurl I, Weiss G. Iron and innate antimicrobial immunity-Depriving the pathogen, defending the host. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 48:118-133. [PMID: 29773170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The acute-phase response is triggered by the presence of infectious agents and danger signals which indicate hazards for the integrity of the mammalian body. One central feature of this response is the sequestration of iron into storage compartments including macrophages. This limits the availability of this essential nutrient for circulating pathogens, a host defence strategy known as 'nutritional immunity'. Iron metabolism and the immune response are intimately linked. In infections, the availability of iron affects both the efficacy of antimicrobial immune pathways and pathogen proliferation. However, host strategies to withhold iron from microbes vary according to the localization of pathogens: Infections with extracellular bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus, Klebsiella or Yersinia stimulate the expression of the iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin which targets the cellular iron-exporter ferroportin-1 causing its internalization and blockade of iron egress from absorptive enterocytes in the duodenum and iron-recycling macrophages. This mechanism disrupts both routes of iron delivery to the circulation, contributes to iron sequestration in the mononuclear phagocyte system and mediates the hypoferraemia of the acute phase response subsequently resulting in the development of anaemia of inflammation. When intracellular microbes are present, other strategies of microbial iron withdrawal are needed. For instance, in macrophages harbouring intracellular pathogens such as Chlamydia, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Listeria monocytogenes or Salmonella Typhimurium, ferroportin-1-mediated iron export is turned on for the removal of iron from infected cells. This also leads to reduced iron availability for intra-macrophage pathogens which inhibits their growth and in parallel strengthens anti-microbial effector pathways of macrophages including the formation of inducible nitric oxide synthase and tumour necrosis factor. Iron plays a key role in infectious diseases both as modulator of the innate immune response and as nutrient for microbes. We need to gain a more comprehensive understanding of how the body can differentially respond to infection by extra- or intracellular pathogens. This knowledge may allow us to modulate mammalian iron homeostasis pharmaceutically and to target iron-acquisition systems of pathogens, thus enabling us to treat infections with novel strategies that act independent of established antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Nairz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Stefanie Dichtl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrea Schroll
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David Haschka
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Piotr Tymoszuk
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Igor Theurl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
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Dichtl S, Haschka D, Nairz M, Seifert M, Volani C, Lutz O, Weiss G. Dopamine promotes cellular iron accumulation and oxidative stress responses in macrophages. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 148:193-201. [PMID: 29208364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Iron is essential for many biological functions including neurotransmitter synthesis, where the metal is a co-factor of tyrosine hydroxylase, which converts tyrosine to dopamine and further to norepinephrine. As the shared chemical structure, called catechol, may potentially bind iron we questioned whether tyrosine derived hormones would impact on cellular iron homeostasis in macrophages, which are central for the maintenance of body iron homeostasis. Using murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), we investigated the effect of catecholamines and found that only dopamine but neither tyrosine, nor norepinephrine, affected cellular iron homeostasis. Exposure of macrophages to dopamine increased the uptake of non-transferrin bound iron into cells. The expansion of intracellular iron upon dopamine treatment resulted in oxidative stress responses as evidenced by increased expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) and hypoxia inducible factor-1α. As a consequence, the transcriptional expression of stress response genes such as heme oxygenase-1 and the iron export protein ferroportin1 were significantly increased. Genetic deletion of Nrf2 abolished these effects of dopamine. Dopamine directly affects cellular iron homeostasis by increasing iron incorporation into macrophages and subsequently promoting intracellular oxidative stress responses. Our observations are of interest for disorders involving dopamine and iron dyshomeostasis such as Parkinson's disease and restless legs syndrome, partly enlightening the underlying pathology or the therapeutic efficacy of dopamine agonists to overcome neuronal iron deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Dichtl
- Department of Internal Medicine II (Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pneumology), Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David Haschka
- Department of Internal Medicine II (Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pneumology), Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manfred Nairz
- Department of Internal Medicine II (Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pneumology), Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Seifert
- Department of Internal Medicine II (Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pneumology), Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Chiara Volani
- Department of Internal Medicine II (Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pneumology), Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Oliver Lutz
- Austrian Drug Screening Institute (ADSI), Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II (Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pneumology), Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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23
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Nairz M, Haschka D, Dichtl S, Sonnweber T, Schroll A, Aßhoff M, Mindur JE, Moser PL, Wolf D, Swirski FK, Theurl I, Cerami A, Brines M, Weiss G. Cibinetide dampens innate immune cell functions thus ameliorating the course of experimental colitis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13012. [PMID: 29026145 PMCID: PMC5638901 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13046-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Two distinct forms of the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) mediate the cellular responses to erythropoietin (EPO) in different tissues. EPOR homodimers signal to promote the maturation of erythroid progenitor cells. In other cell types, including immune cells, EPOR and the ß-common receptor (CD131) form heteromers (the innate repair receptor; IRR), and exert tissue protective effects. We used dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) to induce colitis in C57BL/6 N mice. Once colitis was established, mice were treated with solvent, EPO or the selective IRR agonist cibinetide. We found that both cibinetide and EPO ameliorated the clinical course of experimental colitis in mice, resulting in improved weight gain and survival. Correspondingly, DSS-exposed mice treated with cibinetide or EPO displayed preserved tissue integrity due to reduced infiltration of myeloid cells and diminished production of pro-inflammatory disease mediators including cytokines, chemokines and nitric oxide synthase-2. Experiments using LPS-activated primary macrophages revealed that the anti-inflammatory effects of cibinetide were dependent on CD131 and JAK2 functionality and were mediated via inhibition of NF-κB subunit p65 activity. Cibinetide activation of the IRR exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects, especially within the myeloid population, reduces disease activity and mortality in mice. Cibinetide thus holds promise as novel disease-modifying therapeutic of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Nairz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria. .,Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - David Haschka
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefanie Dichtl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Sonnweber
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrea Schroll
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Malte Aßhoff
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - John E Mindur
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrizia L Moser
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dominik Wolf
- Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology, Immunoncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Filip K Swirski
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Igor Theurl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anthony Cerami
- Araim Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael Brines
- Araim Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, United States of America
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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24
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Nairz M, Schroll A, Haschka D, Dichtl S, Tymoszuk P, Demetz E, Moser P, Haas H, Fang FC, Theurl I, Weiss G. Genetic and Dietary Iron Overload Differentially Affect the Course of Salmonella Typhimurium Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:110. [PMID: 28443246 PMCID: PMC5387078 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic and dietary forms of iron overload have distinctive clinical and pathophysiological features. HFE-associated hereditary hemochromatosis is characterized by overwhelming intestinal iron absorption, parenchymal iron deposition, and macrophage iron depletion. In contrast, excessive dietary iron intake results in iron deposition in macrophages. However, the functional consequences of genetic and dietary iron overload for the control of microbes are incompletely understood. Using Hfe+/+ and Hfe-/- mice in combination with oral iron overload in a model of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection, we found animals of either genotype to induce hepcidin antimicrobial peptide expression and hypoferremia following systemic infection in an Hfe-independent manner. As predicted, Hfe-/- mice, a model of hereditary hemochromatosis, displayed reduced spleen iron content, which translated into improved control of Salmonella replication. Salmonella adapted to the iron-poor microenvironment in the spleens of Hfe-/- mice by inducing the expression of its siderophore iron-uptake machinery. Dietary iron loading resulted in higher bacterial numbers in both WT and Hfe-/- mice, although Hfe deficiency still resulted in better pathogen control and improved survival. This suggests that Hfe deficiency may exert protective effects in addition to the control of iron availability for intracellular bacteria. Our data show that a dynamic adaptation of iron metabolism in both immune cells and microbes shapes the host-pathogen interaction in the setting of systemic Salmonella infection. Moreover, Hfe-associated iron overload and dietary iron excess result in different outcomes in infection, indicating that tissue and cellular iron distribution determines the susceptibility to infection with specific pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Nairz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrea Schroll
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruck, Austria
| | - David Haschka
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefanie Dichtl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruck, Austria
| | - Piotr Tymoszuk
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruck, Austria
| | - Egon Demetz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruck, Austria
| | - Patrizia Moser
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruck, Austria
| | - Hubertus Haas
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Biocenter, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruck, Austria
| | - Ferric C Fang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of WashingtonSeattle, WA, USA.,Department of Microbiology, University of WashingtonSeattle, WA, USA
| | - Igor Theurl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruck, Austria
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruck, Austria
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25
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Mitterstiller AM, Haschka D, Dichtl S, Nairz M, Demetz E, Talasz H, Soares MP, Einwallner E, Esterbauer H, Fang FC, Geley S, Weiss G. Heme oxygenase 1 controls early innate immune response of macrophages to Salmonella Typhimurium infection. Cell Microbiol 2016; 18:1374-89. [PMID: 26866925 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are central for the immune control of intracellular microbes. Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1, hmox) is the first and rate limiting enzyme in the breakdown of heme originating from degraded senescent erythrocytes and heme-proteins, yielding equal amounts of iron, carbon monoxide and biliverdin. HO-1 is strongly up-regulated in macrophages in response to inflammatory signals, including bacterial endotoxin. In view of the essential role of iron for the growth and proliferation of intracellular bacteria along with known effects of the metal on innate immune function, we examined whether HO-1 plays a role in the control of infection with the intracellular bacterium Salmonella Typhimurium. We studied the course of infection in stably-transfected murine macrophages (RAW264.7) bearing a tetracycline-inducible plasmid producing hmox shRNA and in primary HO-1 knockout macrophages. While uptake of bacteria into macrophages was not affected, a significantly reduced survival of intracellular Salmonella was observed upon hmox knockdown or pharmacological hmox inhibition, which was independent of Nramp1 functionality. This could be traced to limitation of iron availability for intramacrophage bacteria along with enhanced stimulation of innate immune effector pathways, including the formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and increased TNF-α expression. Mechanistically, these latter effects result from intracellular iron limitation with subsequent activation of NF-κB and further inos, tnfa and p47phox transcription along with reduced formation of the anti-inflammatory and radical scavenging molecules, CO and biliverdin as a consequence of HO-1 silencing. Taken together our data provide novel evidence that the infection-driven induction of HO-1 exerts detrimental effects in the early control of Salmonella infection, whereas hmox inhibition can favourably modulate anti-bacterial immune effector pathways of macrophages and promote bacterial elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Mitterstiller
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David Haschka
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefanie Dichtl
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manfred Nairz
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Egon Demetz
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Heribert Talasz
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Elisa Einwallner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Esterbauer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ferric C Fang
- University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195-7735, USA
| | - Stephan Geley
- Division of Molecular Pathophysiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Guenter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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26
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Nairz M, Schroll A, Haschka D, Dichtl S, Sonnweber T, Theurl I, Theurl M, Lindner E, Demetz E, Aßhoff M, Bellmann-Weiler R, Müller R, Gerner RR, Moschen AR, Baumgartner N, Moser PL, Talasz H, Tilg H, Fang FC, Weiss G. Lipocalin-2 ensures host defense against Salmonella Typhimurium by controlling macrophage iron homeostasis and immune response. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:3073-86. [PMID: 26332507 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lipocalin-2 (Lcn2) is an innate immune peptide with pleiotropic effects. Lcn2 binds iron-laden bacterial siderophores, chemo-attracts neutrophils and has immunomodulatory and apoptosis-regulating effects. In this study, we show that upon infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Lcn2 promotes iron export from Salmonella-infected macrophages, which reduces cellular iron content and enhances the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Lcn2 represses IL-10 production while augmenting Nos2, TNF-α, and IL-6 expression. Lcn2(-/-) macrophages have elevated IL-10 levels as a consequence of increased iron content. The crucial role of Lcn-2/IL-10 interactions was further demonstrated by the greater ability of Lcn2(-/-) IL-10(-/-) macrophages and mice to control intracellular Salmonella proliferation in comparison to Lcn2(-/-) counterparts. Overexpression of the iron exporter ferroportin-1 in Lcn2(-/-) macrophages represses IL-10 and restores TNF-α and IL-6 production to the levels found in wild-type macrophages, so that killing and clearance of intracellular Salmonella is promoted. Our observations suggest that Lcn2 promotes host resistance to Salmonella Typhimurium infection by binding bacterial siderophores and suppressing IL-10 production, and that both functions are linked to its ability to shuttle iron from macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Nairz
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrea Schroll
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David Haschka
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefanie Dichtl
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Sonnweber
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Igor Theurl
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Milan Theurl
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ewald Lindner
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Egon Demetz
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Malte Aßhoff
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rosa Bellmann-Weiler
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Raphael Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Romana R Gerner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexander R Moschen
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nadja Baumgartner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Patrizia L Moser
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Heribert Talasz
- Biocenter, Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ferric C Fang
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
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27
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Demetz E, Schroll A, Auer K, Heim C, Patsch JR, Eller P, Theurl M, Theurl I, Theurl M, Seifert M, Lener D, Stanzl U, Haschka D, Asshoff M, Dichtl S, Nairz M, Huber E, Stadlinger M, Moschen AR, Li X, Pallweber P, Scharnagl H, Stojakovic T, März W, Kleber ME, Garlaschelli K, Uboldi P, Catapano AL, Stellaard F, Rudling M, Kuba K, Imai Y, Arita M, Schuetz JD, Pramstaller PP, Tietge UJF, Trauner M, Norata GD, Claudel T, Hicks AA, Weiss G, Tancevski I. The arachidonic acid metabolome serves as a conserved regulator of cholesterol metabolism. Cell Metab 2014; 20:787-798. [PMID: 25444678 PMCID: PMC4232508 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol metabolism is closely interrelated with cardiovascular disease in humans. Dietary supplementation with omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids including arachidonic acid (AA) was shown to favorably affect plasma LDL-C and HDL-C. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. By combining data from a GWAS screening in >100,000 individuals of European ancestry, mediator lipidomics, and functional validation studies in mice, we identify the AA metabolome as an important regulator of cholesterol homeostasis. Pharmacological modulation of AA metabolism by aspirin induced hepatic generation of leukotrienes (LTs) and lipoxins (LXs), thereby increasing hepatic expression of the bile salt export pump Abcb11. Induction of Abcb11 translated in enhanced reverse cholesterol transport, one key function of HDL. Further characterization of the bioactive AA-derivatives identified LX mimetics to lower plasma LDL-C. Our results define the AA metabolomeasconserved regulator of cholesterol metabolism, and identify AA derivatives as promising therapeutics to treat cardiovascular disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egon Demetz
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrea Schroll
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kristina Auer
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christiane Heim
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Josef R Patsch
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Philipp Eller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Theurl
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Igor Theurl
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Milan Theurl
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Seifert
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniela Lener
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ursula Stanzl
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David Haschka
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Malte Asshoff
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefanie Dichtl
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manfred Nairz
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eva Huber
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Stadlinger
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexander R Moschen
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Capital Medical University, Number 10 Xitoutiao, You An Men, 100069 Beijing, China
| | - Petra Pallweber
- Department of Pediatrics II, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hubert Scharnagl
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Tatjana Stojakovic
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Winfried März
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria; Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Clinic V, Mannheim Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; Synlab Academy, Harrlachweg 1, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Clinic V, Mannheim Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Katia Garlaschelli
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, via Gorki 50, 20092 Cinisello Balsamo Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Uboldi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberico L Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; IRCCS Multimedica, via Milanese 300, 20099 Sesto San Giovanni Milan, Italy
| | - Frans Stellaard
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mats Rudling
- Department of Medicine and Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Keiji Kuba
- Department of Biological Informatics and Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, 1-1 Tegata Gakuen-machi, 010-8502 Akita City, Japan
| | - Yumiko Imai
- Department of Biological Informatics and Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, 1-1 Tegata Gakuen-machi, 010-8502 Akita City, Japan
| | - Makoto Arita
- Department of Health Chemistry, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, 113-8654 Tokyo, Japan
| | - John D Schuetz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS313, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Peter P Pramstaller
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Drususallee 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy-Affiliated Institute of the University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
| | - Uwe J F Tietge
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Trauner
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Giuseppe D Norata
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, via Gorki 50, 20092 Cinisello Balsamo Milan, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; The Blizard Institute, Centre for Diabetes, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University, 4 Newark Street, E1 2AT London, UK
| | - Thierry Claudel
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrew A Hicks
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Drususallee 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy-Affiliated Institute of the University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
| | - Guenter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Ivan Tancevski
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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28
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Baumgartner A, Dichtl S, Hitzenberger CK, Sattmann H, Robl B, Moritz A, Fercher AF, Sperr W. Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography of dental structures. Caries Res 2000; 34:59-69. [PMID: 10601786 DOI: 10.1159/000016571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been developed during the last 10 years as a new noninvasive imaging tool and has been applied to diagnose different ocular and skin diseases. This technique has been modified for cross-sectional imaging of dental structures. In this first preliminary study the technique was applied to obtain tomographic images of extracted sound and decayed human teeth in order to evaluate its possible diagnostic potential for dental applications. Classical OCT images based on reflectivity measurements and phase retardation images using polarization-sensitive OCT were recorded. It was demonstrated that polarization-sensitive OCT can provide additional information which is probably related to the mineralization status and/or the scattering properties of the dental material. One of the attractive features of OCT is that it uses near-infrared light instead of ionizing radiation. Furthermore, high transversal and depth resolution on the order of 10 microm can be obtained. Present limitations, e.g. the limited penetration depth, and possible solutions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Baumgartner
- Institute of Medical Physics, Dental School, University of Vienna, Austria
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