1
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Rodrigo AH, Di Domenico SI, Wright L, Page-Gould E, Fournier MA, Ayaz H, Ruocco AC. Interpersonal traits and the neural representations of cognitive control in the prefrontal cortex. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2022; 22:1001-1020. [PMID: 35332509 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-022-00986-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive interpersonal functioning relies on the effectiveness of behavioral and neural systems involved in cognitive control. Whether different subcomponents of cognitive control and their neural representations are associated with distinctive interpersonal dispositions has yet to be determined. The present study investigated the relationships between prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation associated with two subcomponents of cognitive control and individual differences in interpersonally relevant traits and facets within the Five-Factor Model of personality. Undergraduate participants (n = 237) provided self-ratings of interpersonal traits and underwent functional near-infrared spectroscopy to measure activation in regions-of-interest linked to subcomponents of cognitive control: the right lateral PFC and its involvement in response selection and inhibition/suppression (RS) during a go/no-go task, and the left lateral PFC associated with goal selection, updating, representation, and maintenance (GS) on a tower planning task. Multilevel models revealed that during both RS and GS, Neuroticism and Extraversion were associated with lower and higher levels of activation, respectively. Higher Agreeableness was related to lower activation during RS but also with greater activation during GS. More narrowly defined interpersonal facets subsumed within the broader trait domains were differentially associated with RS- and GS-related neural responses. Taken together, these findings highlight potential avenues of future research to better understand the ways in which the neural processes that subserve cognitive control may underlie interpersonal dispositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achala H Rodrigo
- Department of Psychological Clinical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto (Scarborough), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Liam Wright
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto (Scarborough), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Page-Gould
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto (St. George), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marc A Fournier
- Department of Psychological Clinical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto (Scarborough), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hasan Ayaz
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anthony C Ruocco
- Department of Psychological Clinical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto (Scarborough), Toronto, ON, Canada.
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2
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Di Domenico SI, Ryan RM, Bradshaw EL, Duineveld JJ. Motivations for personal financial management: A Self-Determination Theory perspective. Front Psychol 2022; 13:977818. [PMID: 36204768 PMCID: PMC9530992 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.977818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Financial knowledge and sound financial decision making are now broadly recognized to be important determinants of both personal and societal prosperity, but research has yet to examine how distinct qualities of motivation may be associated with the way people manage their money. In two studies we applied the framework of Self-Determination Theory (SDT) to examine people's autonomous (volitional) and controlled (pressured) motivation for understanding and managing their finances, as well as their amotivation (lack of motivation) for doing so, and the differential associations these motives have with financial knowledge and financial well-being. American participants (Study 1, N = 516; Study 2, N = 534) completed detailed demographic surveys and questionnaires assessing the financial variables of interest. As hypothesized, SDT's motivational constructs were associated with financial outcomes over and above participants' age, gender, income, household wealth, and educational attainment. Autonomous motivation was positively associated with a host of positive financial behaviors and characteristics (e.g., saving/investing and financial self-efficacy, well-being, and self-awareness). Controlled motivation was negatively associated with financial well-being. Amotivation was positively associated with overspending and negatively associated with financial self-efficacy and well-being. These findings support the relevance of SDT's framework in this domain and suggest that interventions aimed at promoting financial knowledge and wellness may benefit by adopting evidence-supported strategies for optimizing more autonomous motivations and addressing amotivations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano I. Di Domenico
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Stefano I. Di Domenico
| | - Richard M. Ryan
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emma L. Bradshaw
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jasper J. Duineveld
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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3
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Di Domenico SI, Fournier MA, Rodrigo AH, Dong M, Ayaz H, Ryan RM, Ruocco AC. Medial Prefrontal Activity During Self-Other Judgments is Modulated by Relationship Need Fulfillment. Soc Neurosci 2022; 17:236-245. [PMID: 35504857 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2022.2074135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) plays an important role in representing semantic self-knowledge. Studies comparing semantic self-judgments with judgments of close others suggest that interpersonal closeness may influence the degree to which the MPFC differentiates self and other. We used optical neuroimaging to examine if support for competence, relatedness, and autonomy from relationship partners moderates MPFC activity during a personality judgement task. Participants (N = 109) were asked to judge the descriptive accuracy of trait adjectives for both themselves and a friend. Participants who reported lower need fulfillment with their friend showed elevated activity only in the self-judgment condition; in contrast, participants who reported higher need fulfillment with their friend showed similarly high levels of MPFC activity across the conditions. These results are consistent with the idea that the MPFC differentially represents others on the basis of the need fulfillment experienced within the relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mengxi Dong
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough
| | - Hasan Ayaz
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University.,Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, Drexel University.,Drexel Solutions Institute, Drexel University.,Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania.,Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
| | - Richard M Ryan
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University
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4
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Bradshaw EL, DeHaan CR, Parker PD, Curren R, Duineveld JJ, Di Domenico SI, Ryan RM. The perceived conditions for living well: Positive perceptions of primary goods linked with basic psychological needs and wellness. The Journal of Positive Psychology 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2021.1991446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Bradshaw
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, NSW, AUSTRALIA
| | | | - Philip D. Parker
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, NSW, AUSTRALIA
| | - Randall Curren
- Department of Philosophy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Jasper J. Duineveld
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, NSW, AUSTRALIA
| | - Stefano I. Di Domenico
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, NSW, AUSTRALIA
| | - Richard M. Ryan
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, NSW, AUSTRALIA
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5
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Fournier MA, Dong M, Quitasol MN, Weststrate NM, Di Domenico SI. Components and Correlates of Personality Coherence in Action, Agency, and Authorship. Eur J Pers 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/08902070211034954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Personality coherence is an individual difference capturing the extent to which a person’s psychological characteristics are coordinated, unified, and integrated. The present research addressed the extent to which coherence indicators inter-correlate and predict relevant outcomes over and above the effects of the Big Five among midlife adults ( N = 446). Coherence indicators loaded onto four components: actor coherence, which captured the extent to which people were consistent in their interpersonal values, traits, and behavior; agent coherence, which captured the extent to which people’s goals were coordinated and need-congruent; author coherence, which captured the extent to which people’s self-defining stories were well composed and theme laden; and controlled coherence, which captured the extent to which people experienced their goals as pressured or compelled and as leading them to need-detracting futures. Although actor coherence correlated with both agent and author coherence, agent and author coherence were not correlated. Nevertheless, the actor-, agent-, and author-coherence composites each predicted at least one of the outcome variables (i.e., well-being, autonomy, and ego development) over and above the Big Five. The present findings suggest that the coherence of personality constitutes an individual difference domain of consequence beyond the established content dimensions of personality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A. Fournier
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mengxi Dong
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew N. Quitasol
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nic M. Weststrate
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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6
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Quirin M, Jais M, Di Domenico SI, Kuhl J, Ryan RM. Corrigendum: Effortless Willpower? The Integrative Self and Self-Determined Goal Pursuit. Front Psychol 2021; 12:684433. [PMID: 34025542 PMCID: PMC8133361 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.684433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.653458.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Quirin
- School of Management, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marius Jais
- School of Management, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Julius Kuhl
- Department of Psychology, Osnabrueck University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Richard M Ryan
- School of Arts and Sciences, Rochester University, Rochester, NY, United States.,Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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7
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Quirin M, Jais M, Di Domenico SI, Kuhl J, Ryan RM. Effortless Willpower? The Integrative Self and Self-Determined Goal Pursuit. Front Psychol 2021; 12:653458. [PMID: 33815234 PMCID: PMC8012899 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.653458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Quirin
- School of Management, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marius Jais
- School of Management, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Julius Kuhl
- Department of Psychology, Osnabrueck University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Richard M Ryan
- School of Arts and Sciences, Rochester University, Rochester, NY, United States.,Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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8
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Kim H, Di Domenico SI, Connelly BS. Self–Other Agreement in Personality Reports: A Meta-Analytic Comparison of Self- and Informant-Report Means. Psychol Sci 2018; 30:129-138. [DOI: 10.1177/0956797618810000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-report questionnaires are the most commonly used personality assessment despite longstanding concerns that self-report responses may be distorted by self-protecting motives and response biases. In a large-scale meta-analysis ( N = 33,033; k = 152 samples), we compared the means of self- and informant reports of the same target’s Big Five personality traits to examine the discrepancies in two rating sources and whether people see themselves more positively than they are seen by others. Inconsistent with a general self-enhancement effect, results showed that self-report means generally did not differ from informant-report means (average δ = −.038). Moderate mean differences were found only when we compared self-reports with stranger reports, suggesting that people are critical of unacquainted targets. We discuss implications of these findings for personality assessment and other fields in which self-enhancement motives are relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunji Kim
- Department of Psychology, York University
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9
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Quitasol MN, Fournier MA, Di Domenico SI, Bagby RM, Quilty LC. Changes in Psychological Need Fulfillment Over the Course of Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 2018. [DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2018.37.5.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Self-determination theory (Ryan & Deci, 2017) maintains that the psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness are essential qualities of experience that individuals require to thrive. The present research examined the role of psychological need fulfillment in a clinical sample undergoing treatment for major depressive disorder. Fifty-one patients with a SCID-IV diagnosis for major depressive disorder were randomly assigned to 16 weeks of cognitive behavioral therapy or antidepressant medication. Depressive symptoms, cognitive errors, dysfunctional attitudes, and psychological need fulfillment were assessed at four time points (pre-treatment, week 4, week 8, and week 16). Psychological need fulfillment increased over the course of treatment and did not differ significantly between treatment conditions. Furthermore, increases in psychological need fulfillment were associated with decreases in depression severity over and above the effects of time, cognitive errors, and dysfunctional attitudes. Given the incremental predictive validity of need fulfillment, a better understanding of its role in the treatment for depression may prove beneficial to mental health researchers and practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lena C. Quilty
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health; University of Toronto
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10
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Fournier MA, Dong M, Quitasol MN, Weststrate NM, Di Domenico SI. The Signs and Significance of Personality Coherence in Personal Stories and Strivings. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 2018; 44:1228-1241. [PMID: 29628004 DOI: 10.1177/0146167218764659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The concept of personality coherence refers to the extent of psychological unity and wholeness embodied within each individual. In the present research, we examined the extent to which the narrative, functional, and organismic conceptualizations of personality coherence interrelate, as well as their associations with psychological abilities and personal adjustment. College students ( N = 391) narrated accounts of three personal memories; listed five personal strivings that they subsequently compared and evaluated; completed performance measures of their intelligence, wisdom, and creativity; and rated their hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Individuals who coherently organized their autobiographical memories were protected against feeling pressured or compelled in their personal strivings and against being steered toward need-detracting futures. Narrative indicators of coherence were otherwise independent of the functional and organismic indicators, although all indicators of personality coherence correlated with personal adjustment. Wisdom and creativity predicted narrative coherence, which partially mediated the associations they demonstrated with eudaimonic well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mengxi Dong
- 1 University of Toronto Scarborough, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Di Domenico SI, Ryan RM. Commentary: Primary Emotional Systems and Personality: An Evolutionary Perspective. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1414. [PMID: 28871233 PMCID: PMC5566974 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano I Di Domenico
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic UniversitySydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard M Ryan
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic UniversitySydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Clinical and Social Sciences in Psychology, University of RochesterRochester, NY, United States
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12
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Di Domenico SI, Fournier MA, Rodrigo AH, Dong M, Ayaz H, Ruocco AC. Need fulfillment and the modulation of medial prefrontal activity when judging remembered past, perceived present, and imagined future identities. Self and Identity 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2017.1327452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano I. Di Domenico
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Strathfield, Australia
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marc A. Fournier
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Achala H. Rodrigo
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mengxi Dong
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hasan Ayaz
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of General Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anthony C. Ruocco
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
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13
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Di Domenico SI, Ryan RM. The Emerging Neuroscience of Intrinsic Motivation: A New Frontier in Self-Determination Research. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:145. [PMID: 28392765 PMCID: PMC5364176 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic motivation refers to people’s spontaneous tendencies to be curious and interested, to seek out challenges and to exercise and develop their skills and knowledge, even in the absence of operationally separable rewards. Over the past four decades, experimental and field research guided by self-determination theory (SDT; Ryan and Deci, 2017) has found intrinsic motivation to predict enhanced learning, performance, creativity, optimal development and psychological wellness. Only recently, however, have studies begun to examine the neurobiological substrates of intrinsic motivation. In the present article, we trace the history of intrinsic motivation research, compare and contrast intrinsic motivation to closely related topics (flow, curiosity, trait plasticity), link intrinsic motivation to key findings in the comparative affective neurosciences, and review burgeoning neuroscience research on intrinsic motivation. We review converging evidence suggesting that intrinsically motivated exploratory and mastery behaviors are phylogenetically ancient tendencies that are subserved by dopaminergic systems. Studies also suggest that intrinsic motivation is associated with patterns of activity across large-scale neural networks, namely, those that support salience detection, attentional control and self-referential cognition. We suggest novel research directions and offer recommendations for the application of neuroscience methods in the study of intrinsic motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano I Di Domenico
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University Strathfield, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard M Ryan
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic UniversityStrathfield, NSW, Australia; Department of Clinical and Social Sciences in Psychology, University of RochesterRochester, NY, USA
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14
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Connelly BS, Warren RA, Kim H, Di Domenico SI. Development and Validation of Research Scales for the Leadership Multi-rater Assessment of Personality (LMAP). International Journal of Selection and Assessment 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ijsa.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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15
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Rodrigo AH, Di Domenico SI, Graves B, Lam J, Ayaz H, Bagby RM, Ruocco AC. Linking trait-based phenotypes to prefrontal cortex activation during inhibitory control. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2015; 11:55-65. [PMID: 26163672 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsv091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory control is subserved in part by discrete regions of the prefrontal cortex whose functionality may be altered according to specific trait-based phenotypes. Using a unified model of normal range personality traits, we examined activation within lateral and medial aspects of the prefrontal cortex during a manual go/no-go task. Evoked hemodynamic oxygenation within the prefrontal cortex was measured in 106 adults using a 16-channel continuous-wave functional near-infrared spectroscopy system. Within lateral regions of the prefrontal cortex, greater activation was associated with higher trait levels of extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness, and lower neuroticism. Higher agreeableness was also related to more activation in the medial prefrontal cortex during inhibitory control. These results suggest that personality traits reflecting greater emotional stability, extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness may be associated with more efficient recruitment of control processes subserved by lateral regions of the prefrontal cortex. These findings highlight key links between trait-based phenotypes and neural activation patterns in the prefrontal cortex underlying inhibitory control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achala H Rodrigo
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada and
| | - Stefano I Di Domenico
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada and
| | - Bryanna Graves
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada and
| | - Jaeger Lam
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada and
| | - Hasan Ayaz
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - R Michael Bagby
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada and
| | - Anthony C Ruocco
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada and
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16
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Di Domenico SI, Quitasol MN, Fournier MA. Ratings of Conscientiousness from Physical Appearance Predict Undergraduate Academic Performance. J Nonverbal Behav 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10919-015-0213-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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17
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Fournier MA, Di Domenico SI, Weststrate NM, Quitasol MN, Dong M. Toward a unified science of personality coherence. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne 2015. [DOI: 10.1037/cap0000022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Di Domenico SI, Rodrigo AH, Ayaz H, Fournier MA, Ruocco AC. Decision-making conflict and the neural efficiency hypothesis of intelligence: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy investigation. Neuroimage 2015; 109:307-17. [PMID: 25625894 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the neural efficiency hypothesis of intelligence (NEH) has revealed that the brains of more intelligent individuals consume less energy when performing easy cognitive tasks but more energy when engaged in difficult mental operations. However, previous studies testing the NEH have relied on cognitive tasks that closely resemble psychometric tests of intelligence, potentially confounding efficiency during intelligence-test performance with neural efficiency per se. The present study sought to provide a novel test of the NEH by examining patterns of prefrontal activity while participants completed an experimental paradigm that is qualitatively distinct from the contents of psychometric tests of intelligence. Specifically, participants completed a personal decision-making task (e.g., which occupation would you prefer, dancer or chemist?) in which they made a series of forced choices according to their subjective preferences. The degree of decisional conflict (i.e., choice difficulty) between the available response options was manipulated on the basis of participants' unique preference ratings for the target stimuli, which were obtained prior to scanning. Evoked oxygenation of the prefrontal cortex was measured using 16-channel continuous-wave functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Consistent with the NEH, intelligence predicted decreased activation of the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) during low-conflict situations and increased activation of the right-IFG during high-conflict situations. This pattern of right-IFG activity among more intelligent individuals was complemented by faster reaction times in high-conflict situations. These results provide new support for the NEH and suggest that the neural efficiency of more intelligent individuals generalizes to the performance of cognitive tasks that are distinct from intelligence tests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Achala H Rodrigo
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hasan Ayaz
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Marc A Fournier
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anthony C Ruocco
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Canada.
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19
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Ruocco AC, Rodrigo AH, Lam J, Di Domenico SI, Graves B, Ayaz H. A problem-solving task specialized for functional neuroimaging: validation of the Scarborough adaptation of the Tower of London (S-TOL) using near-infrared spectroscopy. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:185. [PMID: 24734017 PMCID: PMC3975118 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Problem-solving is an executive function subserved by a network of neural structures of which the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is central. Whereas several studies have evaluated the role of the DLPFC in problem-solving, few standardized tasks have been developed specifically for use with functional neuroimaging. The current study adapted a measure with established validity for the assessment of problem-solving abilities to design a test more suitable for functional neuroimaging protocols. The Scarborough adaptation of the Tower of London (S-TOL) was administered to 38 healthy adults while hemodynamic oxygenation of the PFC was measured using 16-channel continuous-wave functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Compared to a baseline condition, problems that required two or three steps to achieve a goal configuration were associated with higher activation in the left DLPFC and deactivation in the medial PFC. Individuals scoring higher in trait deliberation showed consistently higher activation in the left DLPFC regardless of task difficulty, whereas individuals lower in this trait displayed less activation when solving simple problems. Based on these results, the S-TOL may serve as a standardized task to evaluate problem-solving abilities in functional neuroimaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony C Ruocco
- Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Achala H Rodrigo
- Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jaeger Lam
- Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stefano I Di Domenico
- Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bryanna Graves
- Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hasan Ayaz
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University Philadelphia, PA, USA
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H. Rodrigo A, Domenico SID, Ayaz H, Gulrajani S, Lam J, Ruocco AC. Differentiating functions of the lateral and medial prefrontal cortex in motor response inhibition. Neuroimage 2014; 85 Pt 1:423-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Abstract
Models of social response concern the identification and delineation of possible responses to social pressure. Previous efforts toward a unified model have been limited to conceptualizations that define conformity and its alternatives based on discrete categories (e.g., Montgomery, 1992 ; Nail et al., 2000 ). Social response in many settings, however, is more a matter of degree, requiring continuous-response formats. The authors propose a new unified model, the double diamond, which was derived from a synthesis of 11 existing models. To our knowledge, it includes for the first time in a continuous-response model: two types of conformity, three types of anticonformity, independence, compromise, contagion, and numerous other possibilities. The model provides a needed theoretical foundation for a relatively new influence technique: strategic self-anticonformity ( MacDonald et al., 2011 ). The broader integrative power of the model is illustrated by its links with the true self ( Rogers, 1951 ), self-determination theory ( Ryan & Deci, 2008 ), and two therapeutic techniques— paradoxical intention ( Frankl, 1967 ) and motivational interviewing ( Miller & Rollnick, 2002 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R. Nail
- University of Central Arkansas, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Di Domenico SI, Fournier MA, Ayaz H, Ruocco AC. In search of integrative processes: basic psychological need satisfaction predicts medial prefrontal activation during decisional conflict. J Exp Psychol Gen 2012; 142:967-978. [PMID: 23067061 DOI: 10.1037/a0030257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Research has shown that people's abilities to develop and act from a coherent sense of self are facilitated by satisfaction of the basic psychological needs for competence, relatedness, and autonomy. The present study utilized functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to examine the effect of need satisfaction on activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), a key region in processing information about the self. Participants completed a decision-making task (e.g., Which occupation would you prefer, dancer or chemist?) in which they made a series of forced choices according to their personal preferences. The degree of decisional conflict (i.e., choice difficulty) between the available response options was manipulated on the basis of participants' unique preference ratings for the target stimuli, which were obtained prior to scanning. Need satisfaction predicted elevated MPFC activity during high-conflict relative to low-conflict situations, suggesting that one way need satisfaction may promote self-coherence is by enhancing the utilization of self-knowledge in the resolution of decisional conflicts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hasan Ayaz
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, & Health Systems, Drexel University
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