1
|
Meester JAN, Hebert A, Bastiaansen M, Rabaut L, Bastianen J, Boeckx N, Ashcroft K, Atwal PS, Benichou A, Billon C, Blankensteijn JD, Brennan P, Bucks SA, Campbell IM, Conrad S, Curtis SL, Dasouki M, Dent CL, Eden J, Goel H, Hartill V, Houweling AC, Isidor B, Jackson N, Koopman P, Korpioja A, Kraatari-Tiri M, Kuulavainen L, Lee K, Low KJ, Lu AC, McManus ML, Oakley SP, Oliver J, Organ NM, Overwater E, Revencu N, Trainer AH, Trivedi B, Turner CLS, Whittington R, Zankl A, Zentner D, Van Laer L, Verstraeten A, Loeys BL. Expanding the clinical spectrum of biglycan-related Meester-Loeys syndrome. NPJ Genom Med 2024; 9:22. [PMID: 38531898 PMCID: PMC10966070 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-024-00413-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic loss-of-function variants in BGN, an X-linked gene encoding biglycan, are associated with Meester-Loeys syndrome (MRLS), a thoracic aortic aneurysm/dissection syndrome. Since the initial publication of five probands in 2017, we have considerably expanded our MRLS cohort to a total of 18 probands (16 males and 2 females). Segregation analyses identified 36 additional BGN variant-harboring family members (9 males and 27 females). The identified BGN variants were shown to lead to loss-of-function by cDNA and Western Blot analyses of skin fibroblasts or were strongly predicted to lead to loss-of-function based on the nature of the variant. No (likely) pathogenic missense variants without additional (predicted) splice effects were identified. Interestingly, a male proband with a deletion spanning the coding sequence of BGN and the 5' untranslated region of the downstream gene (ATP2B3) presented with a more severe skeletal phenotype. This may possibly be explained by expressional activation of the downstream ATPase ATP2B3 (normally repressed in skin fibroblasts) driven by the remnant BGN promotor. This study highlights that aneurysms and dissections in MRLS extend beyond the thoracic aorta, affecting the entire arterial tree, and cardiovascular symptoms may coincide with non-specific connective tissue features. Furthermore, the clinical presentation is more severe and penetrant in males compared to females. Extensive analysis at RNA, cDNA, and/or protein level is recommended to prove a loss-of-function effect before determining the pathogenicity of identified BGN missense and non-canonical splice variants. In conclusion, distinct mechanisms may underlie the wide phenotypic spectrum of MRLS patients carrying loss-of-function variants in BGN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josephina A N Meester
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Anne Hebert
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maaike Bastiaansen
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Laura Rabaut
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jarl Bastianen
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nele Boeckx
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kathryn Ashcroft
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Paldeep S Atwal
- Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Atwal Clinic, Palm Beach, FL, USA
| | - Antoine Benichou
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Clarisse Billon
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies Rares, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Centre, Paris, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Université de Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, Paris, France
| | - Jan D Blankensteijn
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Brennan
- Northern Genetics Service, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Ian M Campbell
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Solène Conrad
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Stephanie L Curtis
- Bristol Heart Institute, University Hospitals Bristol & Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Majed Dasouki
- Department of Medical Genetics & Genomics, AdventHealth Medical Group, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Carolyn L Dent
- South West Genomic Laboratory Hub, Bristol Genetics Laboratory, Bristol, UK
| | - James Eden
- North West Genomic Laboratory Hub, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Verity Hartill
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Arjan C Houweling
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nicola Jackson
- Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Pieter Koopman
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Centre Hasselt, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Anita Korpioja
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Minna Kraatari-Tiri
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Liina Kuulavainen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kelvin Lee
- Department of Medical Genetics & Genomics, AdventHealth Medical Group, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Karen J Low
- Clinical Genetics Department, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust St Michael's Hospital, Bristol, UK
- University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Bristol, UK
| | - Alan C Lu
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Morgan L McManus
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephen P Oakley
- John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, School of Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - James Oliver
- Genomic Diagnostics Laboratory, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester, UK
| | - Nicole M Organ
- John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Eline Overwater
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole Revencu
- Center for Human Genetics, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc and Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alison H Trainer
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital and University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bhavya Trivedi
- Department of Medical Genetics & Genomics, AdventHealth Medical Group, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Claire L S Turner
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Andreas Zankl
- Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dominica Zentner
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital and University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lut Van Laer
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Aline Verstraeten
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bart L Loeys
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fazeli E, Child DD, Bucks SA, Stovarsky M, Edwards G, Rose SE, Yu CE, Latimer C, Kitago Y, Bird T, Jayadev S, Andersen OM, Young JE. A familial missense variant in the Alzheimer's disease gene SORL1 impairs its maturation and endosomal sorting. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:20. [PMID: 38244079 PMCID: PMC10799806 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02670-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The SORL1 gene has recently emerged as a strong Alzheimer's Disease (AD) risk gene. Over 500 different variants have been identified in the gene and the contribution of individual variants to AD development and progression is still largely unknown. Here, we describe a family consisting of 2 parents and 5 offspring. Both parents were affected with dementia and one had confirmed AD pathology with an age of onset > 75 years. All offspring were affected with AD with ages at onset ranging from 53 years to 74 years. DNA was available from the parent with confirmed AD and 5 offspring. We identified a coding variant, p.(Arg953Cys), in SORL1 in 5 of 6 individuals affected by AD. Notably, variant carriers had severe AD pathology, and the SORL1 variant segregated with TDP-43 pathology (LATE-NC). We further characterized this variant and show that this Arginine substitution occurs at a critical position in the YWTD-domain of the SORL1 translation product, SORL1. Functional studies further show that the p.R953C variant leads to retention of the SORL1 protein in the endoplasmic reticulum which leads to decreased maturation and shedding of the receptor and prevents its normal endosomal trafficking. Together, our analysis suggests that p.R953C is a pathogenic variant of SORL1 and sheds light on mechanisms of how missense SORL1 variants may lead to AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Fazeli
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Daniel D Child
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Stephanie A Bucks
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Miki Stovarsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Gabrielle Edwards
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Shannon E Rose
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Chang-En Yu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Veterans Administration Health Care System, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
| | - Caitlin Latimer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Yu Kitago
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Thomas Bird
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Veterans Administration Health Care System, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
| | - Suman Jayadev
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Olav M Andersen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Jessica E Young
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fazeli E, Child DD, Bucks SA, Stovarsky M, Edwards G, Rose SE, Yu CE, Latimer C, Kitago Y, Bird T, Jayadev S, Andersen OM, Young JE. A familial missense variant in the Alzheimer's Disease gene SORL1 impairs its maturation and endosomal sorting. bioRxiv 2023:2023.07.01.547348. [PMID: 37461597 PMCID: PMC10349966 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.01.547348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
The SORL1 gene has recently emerged as a strong Alzheimer's Disease (AD) risk gene. Over 500 different variants have been identified in the gene and the contribution of individual variants to AD development and progression is still largely unknown. Here, we describe a family consisting of 2 parents and 5 offspring. Both parents were affected with dementia and one had confirmed AD pathology with an age of onset >75 years. All offspring were affected with AD with ages at onset ranging from 53yrs-74yrs. DNA was available from the parent with confirmed AD and 5 offspring. We identified a coding variant, p.(Arg953Cys), in SORL1 in 5 of 6 individuals affected by AD. Notably, variant carriers had severe AD pathology, and the SORL1 variant segregated with TDP-43 pathology (LATE-NC). We further characterized this variant and show that this Arginine substitution occurs at a critical position in the YWTD-domain of the SORL1 translation product, SORL1. Functional studies further show that the p.R953C variant leads to retention of the SORL1 protein in the endoplasmic reticulum which leads to decreased maturation and shedding of the receptor and prevents its normal endosomal trafficking. Together, our analysis suggests that p.R953C is a pathogenic variant of SORL1 and sheds light on mechanisms of how missense SORL1 variants may lead to AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Fazeli
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK8000 AarhusC, Denmark
| | - Daniel D. Child
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle Washington USA
| | - Stephanie A. Bucks
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle Washington USA
| | - Miki Stovarsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics University of Washington, Seattle Washington USA
| | - Gabrielle Edwards
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle Washington USA
| | - Shannon E. Rose
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle Washington USA
| | - Chang-En Yu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics University of Washington, Seattle Washington USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Veterans Administration Health Care System
| | - Caitlin Latimer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle Washington USA
| | - Yu Kitago
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Thomas Bird
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle Washington USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics University of Washington, Seattle Washington USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Veterans Administration Health Care System
| | - Suman Jayadev
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle Washington USA
| | - Olav M. Andersen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK8000 AarhusC, Denmark
| | - Jessica E. Young
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle Washington USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Korvatska O, Bucks SA, Yoda RA, Nolan A, Dorschner MO, Tsuang D, Jayadev S, Raskind WH, Bird TD. NOTCH3 C201R variant causes cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) that can be confused with early-onset Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Sci 2023; 452:120763. [PMID: 37598468 PMCID: PMC10863424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2023.120763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NOTCH3 is the causative gene for autosomal dominant cerebral arteriopathy with subcortical infarctions and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) which is associated with both stroke and dementia. When CADASIL presents primarily as dementia it can be difficult to distinguish from Alzheimer's disease (AD) at both the clinical and neuropathological levels. METHODS We performed exome sequencing of several affected individuals from a large family affected with AD. PCR amplification and direct Sanger sequencing were used to verify variants detected by exome analysis and to screen family members at-risk to carry those variants. Neuropathologic brain evaluation by immunohistochemistry and MRI were performed for the carriers of the NOTCH3 variant. RESULTS In a three-generation family with AD, we found a c.601 T > C p.Cys201Arg variant in the NOTCH3 gene that caused clinical and neuropathological manifestations of CADASIL. These features included earlier onset of dementia accompanied by behavioral abnormalities in the father and son and white matter abnormalities in the asymptomatic grandson. The family is one branch of a large pedigree studied by the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP). As part of the ADSP linkage analysis and whole genome sequencing endeavor, an ABCA1 variant, p.Ala937Val, was previously found associated with AD in this pedigree. CONCLUSIONS Our findings, together with other reported pathogenic missense variants of the C201 codon in NOTCH3, support the role of cysteine 201 as a mutation hotspot for CADASIL and highlight the genetic complexity both clinically and pathologically of AD and related dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olena Korvatska
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
| | - Stephanie A Bucks
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Rebecca A Yoda
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Amber Nolan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Michael O Dorschner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Debby Tsuang
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Puget Sound Medical Center, Seattle, USA
| | - Suman Jayadev
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Wendy H Raskind
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Puget Sound Medical Center, Seattle, USA; Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Puget Sound Medical Center, Seattle, USA
| | - Thomas D Bird
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Puget Sound Medical Center, Seattle, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kandhaya-Pillai R, Hisama FM, Bucks SA, Yarzar S, Korovou H, Martin GM, Oshima J. Novel LMNA mutations in Greek and Myanmar Patients with Progeroid Features and Cardiac Manifestations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 2:101-105. [PMID: 32954377 PMCID: PMC7500617 DOI: 10.31491/apt.2020.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Segmental progeroid syndromes are groups of genetic disorders with multiple features resembling accelerated aging. The International Registry of Werner Syndrome (Seattle, WA) recruits pedigrees of progeroid syndromes from all over the world. We identified two novel LMNA mutations, p.Asp300Gly in a patient from Myanmar, and p.Asn466Lys, in a patient from Greece. Both were referred to our Registry for the genetic diagnosis because of the accelerated aged-appearance and cardiac complications. LMNA mutations are the second most common genetic cause of progeroid syndromes after WRN mutations in our Registry. As the next generation sequencing becomes readily available, we expect to identify more cases of rare genetic diseases in the developing countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fuki M Hisama
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephanie A Bucks
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Soe Yarzar
- Department of Medicine, University of Medicine 2, Yangon, Myanmar
| | | | - George M Martin
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Junko Oshima
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Braggin JE, Bucks SA, Course MM, Smith CL, Sopher B, Osnis L, Shuey KD, Domoto‐Reilly K, Caso C, Kinoshita C, Scherpelz KP, Cross C, Grabowski T, Nik SHM, Newman M, Garden GA, Leverenz JB, Tsuang D, Latimer C, Gonzalez‐Cuyar LF, Keene CD, Morrison RS, Rhoads K, Wijsman EM, Dorschner MO, Lardelli M, Young JE, Valdmanis PN, Bird TD, Jayadev S. Alternative splicing in a presenilin 2 variant associated with Alzheimer disease. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:762-777. [PMID: 31020001 PMCID: PMC6469258 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autosomal-dominant familial Alzheimer disease (AD) is caused by by variants in presenilin 1 (PSEN1), presenilin 2 (PSEN2), and amyloid precursor protein (APP). Previously, we reported a rare PSEN2 frameshift variant in an early-onset AD case (PSEN2 p.K115Efs*11). In this study, we characterize a second family with the same variant and analyze cellular transcripts from both patient fibroblasts and brain lysates. METHODS We combined genomic, neuropathological, clinical, and molecular techniques to characterize the PSEN2 K115Efs*11 variant in two families. RESULTS Neuropathological and clinical evaluation confirmed the AD diagnosis in two individuals carrying the PSEN2 K115Efs*11 variant. A truncated transcript from the variant allele is detectable in patient fibroblasts while levels of wild-type PSEN2 transcript and protein are reduced compared to controls. Functional studies to assess biological consequences of the variant demonstrated that PSEN2 K115Efs*11 fibroblasts secrete less Aβ 1-40 compared to controls, indicating abnormal γ-secretase activity. Analysis of PSEN2 transcript levels in brain tissue revealed alternatively spliced PSEN2 products in patient brain as well as in sporadic AD and age-matched control brain. INTERPRETATION These data suggest that PSEN2 K115Efs*11 is a likely pathogenic variant associated with AD. We uncovered novel PSEN2 alternative transcripts in addition to previously reported PSEN2 splice isoforms associated with sporadic AD. In the context of a frameshift, these alternative transcripts return to the canonical reading frame with potential to generate deleterious protein products. Our findings suggest novel potential mechanisms by which PSEN variants may influence AD pathogenesis, highlighting the complexity underlying genetic contribution to disease risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Meredith M. Course
- Division of Medical GeneticsDepartment of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington
| | - Carole L. Smith
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington
| | - Bryce Sopher
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington
| | - Leah Osnis
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington
| | - Kiel D. Shuey
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington
| | | | - Christina Caso
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington
| | - Chizuru Kinoshita
- Department of Neurological SurgeryUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington
| | | | - Chloe Cross
- School of MedicineUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtah
| | - Thomas Grabowski
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington
| | - Seyyed H. M. Nik
- Genetics and EvolutionUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth Australia
| | - Morgan Newman
- Genetics and EvolutionUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth Australia
| | - Gwenn A. Garden
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington
- Department of PathologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington
| | | | - Debby Tsuang
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington
- Division of Medical GeneticsDepartment of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical CenterVA Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWashington
| | - Caitlin Latimer
- Department of PathologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington
| | | | | | | | | | - Ellen M. Wijsman
- Division of Medical GeneticsDepartment of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington
- Univeristy of Washington Department of BiostatisticsSeattleWashington
| | - Michael O. Dorschner
- Department of PathologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington
- UW Medicine Center for Precision DiagnosticsUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington
| | - Michael Lardelli
- Genetics and EvolutionUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth Australia
| | - Jessica E. Young
- Department of PathologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington
| | - Paul N. Valdmanis
- Division of Medical GeneticsDepartment of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington
| | - Thomas D. Bird
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington
- Division of Medical GeneticsDepartment of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical CenterVA Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWashington
| | - Suman Jayadev
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington
- Division of Medical GeneticsDepartment of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Stone JS, Wisner SR, Bucks SA, Mellado Lagarde MM, Cox BC. Characterization of Adult Vestibular Organs in 11 CreER Mouse Lines. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2018; 19:381-399. [PMID: 29869046 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-018-0676-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Utricles are vestibular sense organs that encode linear head movements. They are composed of a sensory epithelium with type I and type II hair cells and supporting cells, sitting atop connective tissue, through which vestibular nerves project. We characterized utricular Cre expression in 11 murine CreER lines using the ROSA26tdTomato reporter line and tamoxifen induction at 6 weeks of age. This characterization included Calbindin2CreERT2, Fgfr3-iCreERT2, GFAP-A-CreER™, GFAP-B-CreER™, GLAST-CreERT2, Id2CreERT2, OtoferlinCreERT2, ParvalbuminCreERT2, Prox1CreERT2, Sox2CreERT2, and Sox9-CreERT2. OtoferlinCreERT2 mice had inducible Cre activity specific to hair cells. GLAST-CreERT2, Id2CreERT2, and Sox9-CreERT2 had inducible Cre activity specific to supporting cells. Sox2CreERT2 had inducible Cre activity in supporting cells and most type II hair cells. ParvalbuminCreERT2 mice had small numbers of labeled vestibular nerve afferents. Calbindin2CreERT2 mice had labeling of most type II hair cells and some type I hair cells and supporting cells. Only rare (or no) tdTomato-positive cells were detected in utricles of Fgfr3-iCreERT2, GFAP-A-CreER™, GFAP-B-CreER™, and Prox1CreERT2 mice. No Cre leakiness (tdTomato expression in the absence of tamoxifen) was observed in OtoferlinCreERT2 mice. A small degree of leakiness was seen in GLAST-CreERT2, Id2CreERT2, Sox2CreERT2, and Sox9-CreERT2 lines. Calbindin2CreERT2 mice had similar tdTomato expression with or without tamoxifen, indicating lack of inducible control under the conditions tested. In conclusion, 5 lines-GLAST-CreERT2, Id2CreERT2, OtoferlinCreERT2, Sox2CreERT2, and Sox9-CreERT2-showed cell-selective, inducible Cre activity with little leakiness, providing new genetic tools for researchers studying the vestibular periphery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Stone
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Serena R Wisner
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephanie A Bucks
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marcia M Mellado Lagarde
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Brandon C Cox
- Departments of Pharmacology and Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bucks SA, Cox BC, Vlosich BA, Manning JP, Nguyen TB, Stone JS. Supporting cells remove and replace sensory receptor hair cells in a balance organ of adult mice. eLife 2017; 6:e18128. [PMID: 28263708 PMCID: PMC5338920 DOI: 10.7554/elife.18128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Vestibular hair cells in the inner ear encode head movements and mediate the sense of balance. These cells undergo cell death and replacement (turnover) throughout life in non-mammalian vertebrates. However, there is no definitive evidence that this process occurs in mammals. We used fate-mapping and other methods to demonstrate that utricular type II vestibular hair cells undergo turnover in adult mice under normal conditions. We found that supporting cells phagocytose both type I and II hair cells. Plp1-CreERT2-expressing supporting cells replace type II hair cells. Type I hair cells are not restored by Plp1-CreERT2-expressing supporting cells or by Atoh1-CreERTM-expressing type II hair cells. Destruction of hair cells causes supporting cells to generate 6 times as many type II hair cells compared to normal conditions. These findings expand our understanding of sensorineural plasticity in adult vestibular organs and further elucidate the roles that supporting cells serve during homeostasis and after injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Bucks
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Brandon C Cox
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, United States,Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, United States
| | - Brittany A Vlosich
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - James P Manning
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Tot B Nguyen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Jennifer S Stone
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, United States,
| |
Collapse
|