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Irving SA, Ball SW, Booth SM, Regan AK, Naleway AL, Buchan SA, Katz MA, Effler PV, Svenson LW, Kwong JC, Feldman BS, Klein NP, Chung H, Simmonds K. A multi-country investigation of influenza vaccine coverage in pregnant individuals, 2010-2016. Vaccine 2021; 39:7598-7605. [PMID: 34802789 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many countries recommend influenza vaccination during pregnancy. Despite this recommendation, influenza vaccine among pregnant individuals remains under-utilized and uptake varies by country. Factors associated with influenza vaccine uptake during pregnancy may also vary across countries. METHODS As members of the Pregnancy Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network (PREVENT), five sites from four countries (Australia, Canada, Israel, and the United States) retrospectively identified cohorts of individuals aged 18-50 years who were pregnant during pre-defined influenza seasons. Influenza vaccine coverage estimates were calculated for the 2010-11 through 2015-16 northern hemisphere and the 2012 through 2015 southern hemisphere influenza seasons, by site. Sites used electronic health records, administrative data, and immunization registries to collect information on pregnancy, health history, demographics, and vaccination status. Each season, vaccination coverage was calculated as the percentage of individuals who received influenza vaccine among the individuals in the cohort that season. Characteristics were compared between those vaccinated and unvaccinated, by site. RESULTS More than two million pregnancies were identified over the study period. Influenza vaccination coverage ranged from 5% to 58% across sites and seasons. Coverage increased consistently over the study period at three of the five sites (Western Australia, Alberta, and Israel), and was highest in all seasons at the United States study site (39-58%). Associations with vaccination varied by country and across seasons; where available, parity >0, presence of a high-risk medical condition, and urban residence were consistently associated with increased likelihood of vaccination. CONCLUSIONS Though increasing, uptake of influenza vaccine among pregnant individuals remains lower than recommended. Coverage varied substantially by country, suggesting an ongoing need for targeted strategies to improve influenza vaccine uptake in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah W Ball
- Abt Associates, Cambridge MA, USA; Westat, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Annette K Regan
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia; Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia; School of Nursing and Health Professions, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Sarah A Buchan
- ICES, Toronto, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mark A Katz
- Clalit Research Institute, Tel Aviv, Israel; Medical School for International Health and School of Public Health, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva, Israel; University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor MI, USA
| | - Paul V Effler
- Communicable Disease Control Directorate, Department of Health Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Lawrence W Svenson
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Alberta Ministry of Health, Edmonton, Canada; Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jeffrey C Kwong
- ICES, Toronto, Canada; Medical School for International Health and School of Public Health, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva, Israel; Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Canada; Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Nicola P Klein
- Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center, Oakland, CA, USA
| | | | - Kimberley Simmonds
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Alberta Ministry of Health, Edmonton, Canada
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