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Poad BLJ, Jekimovs LJ, Young RSE, Wongsomboon P, Marshall DL, Hansen FKM, Fulloon T, Pfrunder MC, Dodgen T, Ritchie M, Wong SCC, Blanksby SJ. Revolutions in Lipid Isomer Resolution: Application of Ultrahigh-Resolution Ion Mobility to Reveal Lipid Diversity. Anal Chem 2023; 95:15917-15923. [PMID: 37847864 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Many families of lipid isomers remain unresolved by contemporary liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry approaches, leading to a significant underestimation of the structural diversity within the lipidome. While ion mobility coupled to mass spectrometry has provided an additional dimension of lipid isomer resolution, some isomers require a resolving power beyond the capabilities of conventional platforms. Here, we present the application of high-resolution traveling-wave ion mobility for the separation of lipid isomers that differ in (i) the location of a single carbon-carbon double bond, (ii) the stereochemistry of the double bond (cis or trans), or, for glycerolipids, (iii) the relative substitution of acyl chains on the glycerol backbone (sn-position). Collisional activation following mobility separation allowed identification of the carbon-carbon double-bond position and sn-position, enabling confident interpretation of variations in mobility peak abundance. To demonstrate the applicability of this method, double-bond and sn-position isomers of an abundant phosphatidylcholine composition were resolved in extracts from a prostate cancer cell line and identified by comparison to pure isomer reference standards, revealing the presence of up to six isomers. These findings suggest that ultrahigh-resolution ion mobility has broad potential for isomer-resolved lipidomics and is attractive to consider for future integration with other modes of ion activation, thereby bringing together advanced orthogonal separations and structure elucidation to provide a more complete picture of the lipidome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berwyck L J Poad
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4001, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia
| | - Lachlan J Jekimovs
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia
| | - Reuben S E Young
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia
| | - Puttandon Wongsomboon
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia
| | - David L Marshall
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4001, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia
| | - Felicia K M Hansen
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia
| | - Therese Fulloon
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia
| | - Michael C Pfrunder
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Stephen J Blanksby
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4001, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia
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Ma B, King AD, Leung L, Wang K, Poon A, Ho WM, Mo F, Chan CML, Chan ATC, Wong SCC. Identifying an early indicator of drug efficacy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer-a prospective evaluation of circulating tumor cells, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography and the RECIST criteria. Ann Oncol 2018; 28:1576-1581. [PMID: 28379285 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study investigated the predictive and prognostic significance of assessing early drug response with both positron-emission computerized tomography (PET-CT) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in patients receiving first-line chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer. Patients and methods Eligible patients had PET-CT and CTC analysis at baseline and 4-6 weeks after starting chemotherapy, and then a CT scan at 10-12 weeks to assess the Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) response. Early response was defined as achieving a dual-endpoint consisting of PET-CT (30% drop in the sum of maximum standard uptake values-SUVmax-of target lesions) and CTC response (CTC < 3 cells/7.5 ml blood) at 4-6 weeks after starting chemotherapy. Results About 84 patients were enrolled with a median follow-up of 32.9 months (95% confidence interval, CI, 24.5 months-not reached, NR), and 70 patients (84.3%) completed all assessments. Achieving an early response based on the dual-endpoint was independently associated with progression-free survival (hazard ratio, HR = 0.452, 95% CI 0.267-0.765). The median progression-free survival of early responders was 7.41 months (95% CI, 6.05-9.11) compared with 5.37 months (95% CI, 4.68-6.24) in non-responders (log-rank, P = 0.0167). RECIST response at 10 weeks was independently associated with overall survival (OS) (HR = 0.484, 95% CI, 0.275-0.852). Early response based on the dual-endpoint could predict the subsequent RECIST response with a sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of 64%, 70% and 74%, respectively. Conclusions Early response based on both PET-CT and CTC analysis has prognostic and probably predictive significance in patients undergoing first-line chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer. Its utility as a new tool for assessing early drug response should be further validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Clinical Oncology, Sir Y K Pao Centre for Cancer, Hong Kong Cancer Institute
| | - A D King
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - L Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Clinical Oncology, Sir Y K Pao Centre for Cancer, Hong Kong Cancer Institute
| | - K Wang
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - A Poon
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Clinical Oncology, Sir Y K Pao Centre for Cancer, Hong Kong Cancer Institute
| | - W M Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Clinical Oncology, Sir Y K Pao Centre for Cancer, Hong Kong Cancer Institute
| | - F Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Clinical Oncology, Sir Y K Pao Centre for Cancer, Hong Kong Cancer Institute
| | - C M L Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Clinical Oncology, Sir Y K Pao Centre for Cancer, Hong Kong Cancer Institute
| | - A T C Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Clinical Oncology, Sir Y K Pao Centre for Cancer, Hong Kong Cancer Institute
| | - S C C Wong
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Chan LWC, Wong SCC. Editorial: Cancer Diagnostic and Therapeutic Target Identification and Verification Based on the Regulatory Functions of MicroRNAs. Front Genet 2017; 8:178. [PMID: 29187864 PMCID: PMC5694744 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence W C Chan
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - S C C Wong
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Tipthara P, Kunacheva C, Soh YNA, Wong SCC, Pin NS, Stuckey DC, Boehm BO. Global Profiling of Metabolite and Lipid Soluble Microbial Products in Anaerobic Wastewater Reactor Supernatant Using UPLC-MS E. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:559-570. [PMID: 28067053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Identification of soluble microbial products (SMPs) released during bacterial metabolism in mixed cultures in bioreactors is essential to understanding fundamental mechanisms of their biological production. SMPs constitute one of the main foulants (together with colloids and bacterial flocs) in membrane bioreactors widely used to treat and ultimately recycle wastewater. More importantly, the composition and origin of potentially toxic, carcinogenic, or mutagenic SMPs in renewable/reused water supplies must be determined and controlled. Certain classes of SMPs have previously been studied by GC-MS, LC-MS, and MALDI-ToF MS; however, a more comprehensive LC-MS-based method for SMP identification is currently lacking. Here we develop a UPLC-MS approach to profile and identify metabolite SMPs in the supernatant of an anaerobic batch bioreactor. The small biomolecules were extracted into two fractions based on their polarity, and separate methods were then used for the polar and nonpolar metabolites in the aqueous and lipid fractions, respectively. SMPs that increased in the supernatant after feed addition were identified primarily as phospholipids, ceramides, with cardiolipins in the highest relative abundance, and these lipids have not been previously reported in wastewater effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phornpimon Tipthara
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 636921
| | - Chinagarn Kunacheva
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637141
| | - Yan Ni Annie Soh
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637141
| | - Stephen C C Wong
- Waters Pacific Pte. Ltd. , Singapore Science Park 2, Singapore 117528
| | - Ng Sean Pin
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 636921
| | - David C Stuckey
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637141.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Bernhard O Boehm
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 636921
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Lui VWY, Yau DMS, Cheung CSF, Wong SCC, Chan AKC, Zhou Q, Wong EYL, Lau CPY, Lam EKY, Hui EP, Hong B, Hui CWC, Chan ASK, Ng PKS, Ng YK, Lo KW, Tsang CM, Tsui SKW, Tsao SW, Chan ATC. FGF8b oncogene mediates proliferation and invasion of Epstein–Barr virus-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells: implication for viral-mediated FGF8b upregulation. Oncogene 2010; 30:1518-30. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Ma BBY, Hui EP, Wong SCC, Tung SY, Yuen KK, King A, Chan SL, Leung SF, Kam MK, Yu BKH, Zee B, Chan ATC. Multicenter phase II study of gemcitabine and oxaliplatin in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma--correlation with excision repair cross-complementing-1 polymorphisms. Ann Oncol 2009; 20:1854-9. [PMID: 19549713 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdp065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a platinum-sensitive cancer and excision repair cross-complementing group 1 (ERCC1) polymorphisms have been shown to predict survival in several cancers following platinum therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS This multicenter study evaluated the activity of oxaliplatin and prolonged infusion of gemcitabine ('GEMOX' regimen) in recurrent NPC. Baseline blood samples were genotyped for the presence of ERCC1-118 gene polymorphisms. RESULTS Forty-two patients were recruited, of whom most (61%) had metastatic disease. Of the 40 patients evaluated for response, the respective overall response and disease control rates were 56.1% and 90.2%. At a median follow-up of 14.8 months, the respective median overall survival and time to progression were 19.6 months [95% confidence interval (CI) = 12.8-22 months] and 9 months (95% CI = 7.3-10 months). Grade 3-4 toxic effects were uncommon. The distribution of ERCC1-118 genotypes from 29 patients was C/C (n = 17, 40.5%), C/T (n = 10, 23.8%) and T/T (n = 2, 4.8%). No differences in survival or response rates were found between genotypes. CONCLUSIONS GEMOX is active in the treatment of recurrent NPC. Detection of single-nucleotide gene polymorphisms from genomic DNA in peripheral blood is feasible in NPC and further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B Y Ma
- Department of Clinical Oncology at the Sir Y K Pao Center for Cancer, Hong Kong Cancer Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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Lau KW, Hart SR, Lynch JA, Wong SCC, Hubbard SJ, Gaskell SJ. Observations on the detection of b- and y-type ions in the collisionally activated decomposition spectra of protonated peptides. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2009; 23:1508-14. [PMID: 19370712 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Tandem mass spectrometric data from peptides are routinely used in an unsupervised manner to infer product ion sequence and hence the identity of their parent protein. However, significant variability in relative signal intensity of product ions within peptide tandem mass spectra is commonly observed. Furthermore, instrument-specific patterns of fragmentation are observed, even where a common mechanism of ion heating is responsible for generation of the product ions. This information is currently not fully exploited within database searching strategies; this motivated the present study to examine a large dataset of tandem mass spectra derived from multiple instrumental platforms. Here, we report marked global differences in the product ion spectra of protonated tryptic peptides generated from two of the most common proteomic platforms, namely tandem quadrupole-time-of-flight and quadrupole ion trap instruments. Specifically, quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectra show a significant under-representation of N-terminal b-type fragments in comparison to quadrupole ion trap product ion spectra. Energy-resolved mass spectrometry experiments conducted upon test tryptic peptides clarify this disparity; b-type ions are significantly less stable than their y-type N-terminal counterparts, which contain strongly basic residues. Secondary fragmentation processes which occur within the tandem quadrupole-time-of-flight device account for the observed differences, whereas this secondary product ion generation does not occur to a significant extent from resonant excitation performed within the quadrupole ion trap. We suggest that incorporation of this stability information in database searching strategies has the potential to significantly improve the veracity of peptide ion identifications as made by conventional database searching strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- King Wai Lau
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Laurent N, Haddoub R, Voglmeir J, Wong SCC, Gaskell SJ, Flitsch SL. SPOT Synthesis of Peptide Arrays on Self-Assembled Monolayers and their Evaluation as Enzyme Substrates. Chembiochem 2008; 9:2592-6. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200800481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Eyers CE, Simpson DM, Wong SCC, Beynon RJ, Gaskell SJ. QCAL--a novel standard for assessing instrument conditions for proteome analysis. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2008; 19:1275-1280. [PMID: 18599307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2008.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2008] [Revised: 05/15/2008] [Accepted: 05/16/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
If proteome datasets are to be collated, shared, and merged for higher level proteome analyses, there is a need for generally accepted strategies and reagents for optimization and standardization of instrument performance. At present, there is no single protein or peptide standard set that is capable of assessing instrument performance for peptide separation and analysis in this manner. To create such a standard, we have used the recently described QconCAT methodology to generate an artificial protein, QCAL. This protein, a concatenation of tryptic peptides that is expressed in E. coli, provides a stoichiometrically controlled mixture of peptides that are amenable to analysis by all commonly used instrumentation platforms for proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Eyers
- Michael Barber Centre for Mass Spectrometry, Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Johnson H, Wong SCC, Simpson DM, Beynon RJ, Gaskell SJ. Protein quantification by selective isolation and fragmentation of isotopic pairs using FT-ICR MS. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2008; 19:973-977. [PMID: 18450473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2008.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2008] [Revised: 03/25/2008] [Accepted: 03/25/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Isolation of tryptic peptide ions, along with their differentially labeled analogs derived from an artificial QconCAT protein, is performed using multiple correlated harmonic excitation fields in an FT-ICR cell. Simultaneous fragmentation of the isolated unlabeled and labeled peptide pairs using IRMPD yields specific y-series fragment ions useful for quantification. The mass increment attributed to stable isotope labeling at the C-terminus is maintained in the C-terminal fragment ions, providing multiple measurements of labeled/unlabeled intensity ratios during highly selective detection. The utility of this approach has been demonstrated in the absolute quantification of components of an unfractionated chicken muscle protein mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Johnson
- Michael Barber Centre for Mass Spectrometry, School of Chemistry and Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Laurent N, Voglmeir J, Wright A, Blackburn J, Pham NT, Wong SCC, Gaskell SJ, Flitsch SL. Enzymatic glycosylation of peptide arrays on gold surfaces. Chembiochem 2008; 9:883-7. [PMID: 18330850 PMCID: PMC2635019 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Laurent
- Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre and School of Chemistry The University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN (UK)
| | - Josef Voglmeir
- Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre and School of Chemistry The University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN (UK)
| | - Adam Wright
- Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre and School of Chemistry The University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN (UK)
| | - Jonathan Blackburn
- Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town Observatory 7925 Cape Town (South Africa)
| | - Nhan T. Pham
- SUPA and School of Physics, University of Edinburgh Kings Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ (UK)
| | - Stephen C. C. Wong
- Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre and School of Chemistry The University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN (UK)
| | - Simon J. Gaskell
- Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre and School of Chemistry The University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN (UK)
| | - Sabine L. Flitsch
- Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre and School of Chemistry The University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN (UK)
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Abstract
The ability of FT-ICR MS to resolve isotopic variants of intact proteins for each of the charge states formed by electrospray ionization offers a sensitive, rapid method for detecting "low mass" heterogeneity, where this is defined as the presence of structural variants differing in mass by 2 Da or less. Such heterogeneity may reflect biological or chemical modifications of structure or may result from the coexpression of related proteins from a multi-gene family. In the analytical approach described here, comparisons are made between observed isotopic distributions and those expected for predicted protein sequences. Close agreement is demonstrated for a homogeneous model protein, and the utility of the method has been evaluated in the study of mouse major urinary proteins (MUPs), a group of closely related sequences. Divergence of the experimental isotopic distribution from distributions predicted for known MUP sequences can be explained, in quantitative terms, by the coexpression of closely related sequences. This approach provides a facile method for the assessment of protein homogeneity and for the detection of structural variants, without recourse to proteolytic digestion and analysis of the resulting products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan H L Robertson
- Protein Function Group, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, UK.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the expression of nuclear beta-catenin and Ki-67 in patients with normal gestation products (NGP), complete hydatidiform moles (CHM), and choriocarcinoma to elucidate their roles in carcinogenesis and their interrelations. METHODS Expression of nuclear beta-catenin and Ki-67 was studied by immunohistochemistry using paraffin embedded blocks. Sixty NGP, 60 CHM, and 10 choriocarcinomas were analysed. In addition, approximately 400 trophoblasts each in 40 NGP, 40 CHM, and 10 choriocarcinomas from the same batch of samples were microdissected for quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (Q-RT-PCR) to compare beta-catenin mRNA concentration among them. RESULTS In the chorionic villi of NGP, beta-catenin was consistently expressed in the nuclei of cytotrophoblasts but not syncytiotrophoblasts. Nuclear beta-catenin expression was comparatively reduced in CHM trophoblasts and was absent in choriocarcinoma. By contrast, Ki-67 expression was increased from cytotrophoblasts but not in syncytiotrophoblasts in the chorionic villi of NGP to CHM trophoblasts and choriocarcinoma. Using Q-RT-PCR, beta-catenin mRNA was detected in 10 NGP, 13 CHM, and three choriocarcinoma specimens, with median copy numbers of 43,230, 18,229, and 17,334 per 400 trophoblasts, respectively. A housekeeping gene glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) mRNA was detected as a control in the NGP, CHM, and choriocarcinoma specimens, with median copy numbers of 51,300, 54,270, and 97,150 per 400 trophoblasts, respectively. Thus median beta-catenin mRNA values after normalisation were 0.85 in NGP (n = 10), 0.31 in CHM (n = 13), and 0.16 in choriocarcinoma (n = 3). CONCLUSIONS Decreased nuclear beta-catenin expression and increased Ki-67 expression may be involved in choriocarcinoma carcinogenesis. The findings also suggest that nuclear beta-catenin may play a role in trophoblast differentiation during normal placental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C C Wong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Wong SCC, Chan ATC, Lo ESF, Lo YMD. Nuclear beta-catenin expression is rare and its potential association with short survival in colorectal signet-ring cell carcinoma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2006; 13:248-51. [PMID: 16082250 DOI: 10.1097/01.pai.0000142845.91862.c8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) is a rare cancer and the prognosis is usually very poor. The biologic pathways involved in its oncogenesis are unknown. beta-catenin, a key target in the Wnt-signaling pathway, is recognized to play an important role in the carcinogenesis in conventional colorectal carcinoma. This study explores the involvement of Wnt-signaling molecules beta-catenin and cyclin D1, cell cycle regulators cyclin D3, proliferative index Ki-67, apoptotic index, and angiogenic indicator CD31 in 20 colorectal SRCC paraffin-embedded specimens. Results showed that there were 2 specimens with nuclear beta-catenin and higher expression of cyclin D1 than the remaining 18 specimens. Surprisingly, those 2 patients had a much shorter survival of 6 months than the remaining 15 patients, who had around 24 months. Moreover, all colorectal SRCC specimens had an overexpression of cyclin D1, cyclin D3, and Ki-67, as well as much more angiogenesis and apoptosis than adjacent normal epithelial tissues. The authors make the preliminary comment that nuclear beta-catenin is a rare phenomenon in colorectal SRCC, but the involvement of it may indicate a worse prognosis with shorter survival than colorectal SRCC without nuclear beta-catenin expression. Besides, overexpression of cyclin D1, cyclin D3, Ki-67, and increased angiogenesis and apoptosis may play a vital role in promoting colorectal SRCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C C Wong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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Wong SCC, Chan JKC, Lee KC, Lo ESF, Tsang DNC. Development of a quantitative assay for SARS coronavirus and correlation of GAPDH mRNA with SARS coronavirus in clinical specimens. J Clin Pathol 2005; 58:276-80. [PMID: 15735160 PMCID: PMC1770583 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2004.016592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To develop a quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (Q-RT-PCR) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) detection and explore the potential of using glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) mRNA as an internal control to exclude false negative results. METHODS SARS-CoV and GAPDH mRNA were both measured in 26 specimens from 16 patients with SARS, 40 follow up specimens from the same batch of patients, and appropriate control subjects. The relation between SARS positivity and GAPDH mRNA concentration was investigated using the chi2 test. Increasing the sensitivity for SARS-CoV and GAPDH mRNA detection was investigated in follow up specimens in which SARS-CoV and GAPDH mRNA were not detected initially. RESULTS Varying amounts of SARS-CoV were found in the 26 SARS-CoV positive specimens and SARS-CoV was not detected in the 40 follow up specimens and controls. In addition, concentrations of GAPDH mRNA were significantly different between the patients with SARS, follow up specimens, and healthy controls (Kruskal-Wallis test, p<0.05). Moreover, GAPDH mRNA concentrations were highly correlated with SARS-CoV positivity (chi2 = 5.43; p<0.05). Finally, SARS-CoV and GAPDH mRNA were both detected in three follow up urine specimens that were initially negative when the amount of cDNA used was increased from 5 microl to 10 and 15 microl. CONCLUSIONS This Q-RT-PCR assay can be used to detect SARS-CoV. Moreover, GAPDH mRNA may be useful to rule out false negative results in SARS-CoV detection, and the current extraction method for urine may not be sensitive enough to detect low titres of SARS-CoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C C Wong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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Wong SCC, Lockyer NP, Vickerman JC. Mechanisms of secondary ion emission from self-assembled monolayers and multilayers. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.2069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Wong SCC, Lo ESF, Chan AKC, Lee KC, Hsiao WL. Nuclear beta catenin as a potential prognostic and diagnostic marker in patients with colorectal cancer from Hong Kong. Mol Pathol 2004; 56:347-52. [PMID: 14645698 PMCID: PMC1187354 DOI: 10.1136/mp.56.6.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To study the expression of nuclear beta catenin in patients with colorectal cancer, colorectal adenoma, and colorectal polyps to elucidate its role in carcinogenesis, and its potential for prognosis and diagnosis. METHODS The expression of nuclear beta catenin was studied by immunohistochemistry using paraffin wax embedded specimens. Sixty specimens each of colorectal carcinoma, colorectal adenoma, colorectal polyp, and normal colorectal specimens were analysed. The potential for prognosis was assessed by correlating nuclear beta catenin expression in 60 and 75 patients with colorectal cancer with lymph node metastasis and survival, respectively. The diagnostic capacity was explored by comparing nuclear beta catenin expression in 60 patients with colorectal cancer with other cytokeratin 20 (CK20) positive adenocarcinomas, namely: 30 colonic mucinous adenocarcinomas, 30 gastric adenocarcinomas, 27 pancreatic adenocarcinomas, and 12 ovarian mucinous adenocarcinomas. RESULTS Nuclear beta catenin expression was highly associated with progression of colorectal tissue from normal epithelial tissue, polyps, adenomas, to carcinomas (r = 0.875; p < 0.0001). Nineteen patients with colorectal adenoma who subsequently developed colorectal carcinoma had higher nuclear beta catenin expression than those with colorectal adenomas alone (p < 0.0001). Moreover, those patients with colorectal cancer and high nuclear beta catenin expression had a higher incidence of lymph node metastasis (chi(2) = 16.99; p < 0.005) and shorter overall survival (p < 0.0001). Finally, nuclear beta catenin expression in colorectal adenocarcinomas was significantly higher than in other CK20 positive adenocarcinomas. CONCLUSIONS Nuclear beta catenin expression is a potential prognostic factor in patients with colorectal cancer, and together with CK20, it could be used to identify colorectal carcinoma in the Hong Kong population.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C C Wong
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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Abstract
AIMS To detect non-viral mRNA in human plasma that has been frozen for three years using a new protocol. METHODS Plasma from 15 patients with colorectal cancer and 10 normal subjects was separated and frozen with Trizol at -80 degrees C for three years. As a control measure, plasma from 10 of the 15 patients was separated using the same protocol but no Trizol during storage. After three years, all samples were extracted using Trizol and RNeasy before the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect non-viral beta catenin mRNA. In addition, extraction of three plasma samples by Trizol or RNeasy independently was carried out for comparison. RESULTS beta Catenin mRNA was detected in all 15 patient plasma samples and only one of the 10 normal subjects. In contrast, no beta catenin mRNA was found in the control and patient samples that were independently extracted by Trizol and RNeasy kit. CONCLUSIONS This new protocol is a reliable method for extracting non-viral mRNA from the plasma of patients with cancer after longterm storage for three years. Extractions using Trizol and RNeasy kits independently could not isolate mRNA with sufficient quantity and quality for detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C C Wong
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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