1
|
van Duijnhoven W, Van Dromme I, Haesendonckx S, Witek J, Leopold L. The Hospital Recovery Scale: A clinically useful endpoint in patients hospitalized with influenza. Contemp Clin Trials 2022; 123:106952. [PMID: 36202198 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2022.106952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, no single best primary endpoint exists for measuring the efficacy of treatments in seriously ill patients with respiratory infections, such as influenza, who require hospitalization. The Hospital Recovery Scale is an ordinal endpoint used to evaluate treatment outcomes in clinical studies of hospitalized patients infected with influenza. METHODS To determine whether Hospital Recovery Scale outcomes correspond to those for other clinical endpoints in patients hospitalized due to influenza, data from the phase 3 randomized, double-blind ZORO clinical trial (NCT01231620) were analyzed. Randomized influenza-infected patients were divided into subgroups of interest based on prespecified baseline and infection-related characteristics, as well as randomized treatment arms (intravenous zanamivir 300 mg or 600 mg, or oral oseltamivir 75 mg). Clinical endpoints relevant to this population were included to analyze differences in outcomes between the subgroups, and correspondence of these endpoints and hospital recovery endpoint was evaluated. RESULTS Data from 488 patients were analyzed. There were strong correlations (ρs > 0.8) between the Hospital Recovery Scale assessed on the day after completion of a 5-day antiviral therapy (Day 6) and both time to hospital discharge and time to intensive care unit discharge, and moderate to strong correlations (0.6 < ρs < 0.8) between the Hospital Recovery Scale on Day 6 and several other relevant clinical endpoints. CONCLUSIONS The Hospital Recovery Scale is applicable as a primary endpoint in trials to evaluate new therapies for severely ill patients hospitalized due to influenza, and may have utility in other severe respiratory illnesses such as COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilse Van Dromme
- Clinical Biostatistics, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - James Witek
- Medical Department, Janssen Research & Development, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - Lorant Leopold
- Medical Department, Janssen Research & Development, Titusville, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Plank M, Perepelkina M, Müller M, Vaga S, Zou X, Bourgoint C, Berti M, Saarbach J, Haesendonckx S, Winssinger N, Aebersold R, Loewith R. Chemical Genetics of AGC-kinases Reveals Shared Targets of Ypk1, Protein Kinase A and Sch9. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:655-671. [PMID: 32102971 PMCID: PMC7124472 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra120.001955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation cascades play a central role in the regulation of cell growth and protein kinases PKA, Sch9 and Ypk1 take center stage in regulating this process in S. cerevisiae To understand how these kinases co-ordinately regulate cellular functions we compared the phospho-proteome of exponentially growing cells without and with acute chemical inhibition of PKA, Sch9 and Ypk1. Sites hypo-phosphorylated upon PKA and Sch9 inhibition were preferentially located in RRxS/T-motifs suggesting that many are directly phosphorylated by these enzymes. Interestingly, when inhibiting Ypk1 we not only detected several hypo-phosphorylated sites in the previously reported RxRxxS/T-, but also in an RRxS/T-motif. Validation experiments revealed that neutral trehalase Nth1, a known PKA target, is additionally phosphorylated and activated downstream of Ypk1. Signaling through Ypk1 is therefore more closely related to PKA- and Sch9-signaling than previously appreciated and may perform functions previously only attributed to the latter kinases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Plank
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland; National Centre of Competence in Research - Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Mariya Perepelkina
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Markus Müller
- National Centre of Competence in Research - Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefania Vaga
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Xiaoming Zou
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Clélia Bourgoint
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marina Berti
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Saarbach
- National Centre of Competence in Research - Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Steven Haesendonckx
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Winssinger
- National Centre of Competence in Research - Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ruedi Aebersold
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland; Faculty of Science, University of Zurich, CH-8006, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robbie Loewith
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland; National Centre of Competence in Research - Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mandro M, Siewe Fodjo JN, Mukendi D, Dusabimana A, Menon S, Haesendonckx S, Lokonda R, Nakato S, Nyisi F, Abhafule G, Wonya’Rossi D, Jakwong JM, Suykerbuyk P, Meganck J, Hotterbeekx A, Colebunders R. Ivermectin as an adjuvant to anti-epileptic treatment in persons with onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy: A randomized proof-of-concept clinical trial. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0007966. [PMID: 31923177 PMCID: PMC6977765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent findings from onchocerciasis-endemic foci uphold that increasing ivermectin coverage reduces the epilepsy incidence, and anecdotal evidence suggests seizure frequency reduction in persons with onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy, when treated with ivermectin. We conducted a randomized clinical trial to assess whether ivermectin treatment decreases seizure frequency. METHODS A proof-of-concept randomized clinical trial was conducted in the Logo health zone in the Ituri province, Democratic Republic of Congo, to compare seizure frequencies in onchocerciasis-infected persons with epilepsy (PWE) randomized to one of two treatment arms: the anti-epileptic drug phenobarbital supplemented with ivermectin, versus phenobarbital alone. The primary endpoint was defined as the probability of being seizure-free at month 4. A secondary endpoint was defined as >50% reduction in seizure frequency at month 4, compared to baseline. Both endpoints were analyzed using multiple logistic regression. In longitudinal analysis, the probability of seizure freedom during the follow-up period was assessed for both treatment arms by fitting a logistic regression model using generalized estimating equations (GEE). RESULTS Ninety PWE enrolled between October and November 2017 were eligible for analysis. A multiple logistic regression analysis showed a borderline association between ivermectin treatment and being seizure-free at month 4 (OR: 1.652, 95% CI 0.975-2.799; p = 0.062). There was no significant difference in the probability of experiencing >50% reduction of the seizure frequency at month 4 between the two treatment arms. Also, treatment with ivermectin did not significantly increase the odds of being seizure-free during the individual follow-up visits. CONCLUSION Whether ivermectin has an added value in reducing the frequency of seizures in PWE treated with AED remains to be determined. A larger study in persons with OAE on a stable AED regimen and in persons with recent epilepsy onset should be considered to further investigate the potential beneficial effect of ivermectin treatment in persons with OAE. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov; NCT03052998.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Mandro
- Provincial Ministry of Health, Bunia, Ituri, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | | | - Deby Mukendi
- Centre Neuro-Psycho Pathologique, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | | | - Sonia Menon
- Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Richard Lokonda
- Centre Neuro-Psycho Pathologique, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Swabra Nakato
- Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Francoise Nyisi
- Centre de Recherche en Maladies Tropicales de l'Ituri, Rethy, Ituri, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Germain Abhafule
- Centre de Recherche en Maladies Tropicales de l'Ituri, Rethy, Ituri, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Deogratias Wonya’Rossi
- Programme National de Lutte contre l’Onchocercose, Bunia, Ituri, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Jean Marie Jakwong
- Hôpital Général de Référence de Logo, Logo, Ituri, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | | | - Jacques Meganck
- Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - An Hotterbeekx
- Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kriel J, Haesendonckx S, Rubio-Texeira M, Van Zeebroeck G, Thevelein JM. From transporter to transceptor: signaling from transporters provokes re-evaluation of complex trafficking and regulatory controls: endocytic internalization and intracellular trafficking of nutrient transceptors may, at least in part, be governed by their signaling function. Bioessays 2011; 33:870-9. [PMID: 21913212 PMCID: PMC3258547 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201100100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
When cells are starved of their substrate, many nutrient transporters are induced. These undergo rapid endocytosis and redirection of their intracellular trafficking when their substrate becomes available again. The discovery that some of these transporters also act as receptors, or transceptors, suggests that at least part of the sophisticated controls governing the trafficking of these proteins has to do with their signaling function rather than with control of transport. In yeast, the general amino acid permease Gap1 mediates signaling to the protein kinase A pathway. Its endocytic internalization and intracellular trafficking are subject to amino acid control. Other nutrient transceptors controlling this signal transduction pathway appear to be subject to similar trafficking regulation. Transporters with complex regulatory control have also been suggested to function as transceptors in other organisms. Hence, precise regulation of intracellular trafficking in nutrient transporters may be related to the need for tight control of nutrient-induced signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johan Kriel
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, K. U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Voordeckers K, Kimpe M, Haesendonckx S, Louwet W, Versele M, Thevelein JM. Yeast 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1) orthologs Pkh1-3 differentially regulate phosphorylation of protein kinase A (PKA) and the protein kinase B (PKB)/S6K ortholog Sch9. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:22017-27. [PMID: 21531713 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.200071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pkh1, -2, and -3 are the yeast orthologs of mammalian 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1). Although essential for viability, their functioning remains poorly understood. Sch9, the yeast protein kinase B and/or S6K ortholog, has been identified as one of their targets. We now have shown that in vitro interaction of Pkh1 and Sch9 depends on the hydrophobic PDK1-interacting fragment pocket in Pkh1 and requires the complementary hydrophobic motif in Sch9. We demonstrated that Pkh1 phosphorylates Sch9 both in vitro and in vivo on its PDK1 site and that this phosphorylation is essential for a wild type cell size. In vivo phosphorylation on this site disappeared during nitrogen deprivation and rapidly increased again upon nitrogen resupplementation. In addition, we have shown here for the first time that the PDK1 site in protein kinase A is phosphorylated by Pkh1 in vitro, that this phosphorylation is Pkh-dependent in vivo and occurs during or shortly after synthesis of the protein kinase A catalytic subunits. Mutagenesis of the PDK1 site in Tpk1 abolished binding of the regulatory subunit and cAMP dependence. As opposed to PDK1 site phosphorylation of Sch9, phosphorylation of the PDK1 site in Tpk1 was not regulated by nitrogen availability. These results bring new insight into the control and prevalence of PDK1 site phosphorylation in yeast by Pkh protein kinases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Voordeckers
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and Department of Molecular Microbiology, VIB, B-3001 Leuven-Heverlee, Flanders, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Thevelein JM, Bonini BM, Castermans D, Haesendonckx S, Kriel J, Louwet W, Thayumanavan P, Popova Y, Rubio-Texeira M, Schepers W, Vandormael P, Van Zeebroeck G, Verhaert P, Versele M, Voordeckers K. Novel mechanisms in nutrient activation of the yeast protein kinase A pathway. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2008; 55:75-89. [PMID: 18595314 DOI: 10.1556/amicr.55.2008.2.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In yeast the Protein Kinase A (PKA) pathway can be activated by a variety of nutrients. Fermentable sugars, like glucose and sucrose, trigger a spike in the cAMP level, followed by activation of PKA and phosphorylation of target proteins causing a.o. mobilization of reserve carbohydrates, repression of stress-related genes and induction of growth-related genes. Glucose and sucrose are sensed by a G-protein coupled receptor system that activates adenylate cyclase and also activates a bypass pathway causing direct activation of PKA. Addition of other essential nutrients, like nitrogen sources or phosphate, to glucose-repressed nitrogen- or phosphate-starved cells, also triggers rapid activation of the PKA pathway. In these cases cAMP is not involved as a second messenger. Amino acids are sensed by the Gap1 transceptor, previously considered only as an amino acid transporter. Recent results indicate that the amino acid ligand has to induce a specific conformational change for signaling. The same amino acid binding site is involved in transport and signaling. Similar results have been obtained for Pho84 which acts as a transceptor for phosphate activation of the PKA pathway. Ammonium activation of the PKA pathway in nitrogen-starved cells is mediated mainly by the Mep2 transceptor, which belongs to a different class of transporter proteins. Hence, different types of sensing systems are involved in control of the yeast PKA pathway by nutrients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johan M Thevelein
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|