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Smolarek T, Haff GG, Poon WCK, Nagatani T, Barley OR, Guppy SN. Dynamic and Isometric Force-Time Curve Characteristics Influencing Change of Direction Performance of State-Level Netball Players. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:2397-2404. [PMID: 37815246 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Smolarek, T, Haff, GG, Poon, WCK, Nagatani, T, Barley, OR, and Guppy, SN. Dynamic and isometric force-time curve characteristics influencing change of direction performance of state-level netball players. J Strength Cond Res 37(12): 2397-2404, 2023-Although multiple lower-body strength capacities are required to change direction rapidly, there is limited knowledge about the relative importance of these factors. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between dynamic and isometric lower-body strength capacities and change of direction (COD) time in state-league netball players. Seventeen female athletes completed maximal isometric midthigh pull (IMTP), countermovement jump (CMJ), and modified 5-0-5 COD tests. Pearson's product moment correlations were used to determine the relationship between COD time and several IMTP and CMJ force-time curve characteristics. To assess the level of contribution of each force-time curve characteristic to COD time, multivariate-linear stepwise regression analyses were performed. A significant moderate correlation was noted between net relative peak force (PF) during the IMTP and COD time ( r = 0.488, p = 0.047), accounting for 23.8% of the variance in COD time. Moreover, concentric relative impulse during the CMJ was strongly correlated with COD time ( r = 0.718; p = 0.001), explaining 81.9% of the variance in COD time when combined with net relative braking PF in a stepwise regression. Based on these findings, female netball players who display higher concentric and isometric strength, as well as the ability to express higher impulses during the concentric phase of the CMJ, are likely to perform CODs faster. This may occur because COD requires the generation of greater propulsive forces, as well as reduced braking and contact times, along with greater isometric strength enabling effective repositioning of center of mass during COD tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinka Smolarek
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - G Gregory Haff
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia; and
- Directorate of Psychology and Sport, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Wayne C K Poon
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia; and
| | - Tsuyoshi Nagatani
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia; and
| | - Oliver R Barley
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia; and
| | - Stuart N Guppy
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia; and
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Kotani Y, Lake J, Guppy SN, Poon W, Nosaka K, Haff GG. Agreement in Squat Jump Force-Time Characteristics Between Smith Machine and Free-Weight Squat Jump Force-Time Characteristics. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:1955-1962. [PMID: 37252782 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Kotani, Y, Lake, J, Guppy, SN, Poon, W, Nosaka, K, and Haff, GG. Agreement in squat jump force-time characteristics between Smith machine and free-weight squat jump force-time characteristics. J Strength Cond Res 37(10): 1955-1962, 2023-The purpose of this study was to determine whether squat jump (SJ) force-velocity (FV) and load-velocity (LV) profiles created using free-weights agree with profiles created with a Smith machine. Fifteen resistance-trained male subjects (age = 26.4 ± 2.5 years; height = 1.75 ± 0.09 m; body mass = 82.6 ± 13.4 kg) participated in this study. All subjects completed 2 familiarization and 2 experimental sessions using both the Smith machine and free-weight SJs each separated by 48 hours. During the experimental trials, progressively loaded SJs were performed in a quasi-randomized block order with loads between 21 kg and 100% of the subject's body mass. Agreement between exercise mode was determined with a weighted least products regression analysis. No fixed or proportional bias was noted between exercise modes when using peak velocity (PV) and mean velocity (MV) to create an FV profile. There was no fixed and proportional bias present for the LV profile when the profile was created with PV. When the LV profile was calculated from MV, fixed and proportional bias were present, indicating that MVs were significantly different between exercise modes. In addition, the free-weight FV and LV profiles exhibited poor to good relative and good to poor absolute reliability. Furthermore, when created using the Smith machine, both profiles exhibited poor to moderate relative and absolute reliability. Based on these data, caution should be used when interpreting LV and FV profiles created with these 2 methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Kotani
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Jason Lake
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Chichester, Chichester, United Kingdom; and
| | - Stuart N Guppy
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Wayne Poon
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Kazunori Nosaka
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - G Gregory Haff
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
- Directorate of Psychology and Sport, University of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
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Nagatani T, Kendall KL, Guppy SN, Poon WCK, Haff GG. Effect of 3 Different Set Configurations on Kinematic Variables and Internal Loads During a Power Snatch Session. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:1929-1938. [PMID: 37729510 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Nagatani, T, Kendall, KL, Guppy, SN, Poon, WCK, and Haff, GG. Effect of 3 different set configurations on kinematic variables and internal loads during a power snatch session. J Strength Cond Res 37(10): 1929-1938, 2023-The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 3 different set configurations on kinematic variables and internal loads during multiple sets performed with the power snatch. Ten strength-power athletes with at least 6 months of training experience performing the power snatch participated in this study, which consisted of 3 experimental protocols performed in a randomized repeated-measures design. The 3 protocols involved performing the power snatch for 3 sets of 5 repetitions at an average load of 75% 1 repetition maximum with a traditional (TRAD), cluster (CLU), or ascending cluster (A-CLU) protocol, where the training load was progressively increased across the set. Kinematic variables and internal loads (heart rate, blood lactate, and rate of perceived exertion) were measured during each protocol. The athletes maintained peak velocity (PV) and peak power (PP) and exhibited lower internal loads during CLU sets when compared with TRAD sets, whereas they displayed significant decreases in PV during TRAD sets. However, there were no statistically significant differences in PV and PP responses between the TRAD and CLU protocol. The athletes exhibited a significant decrease in PV, whereas PP was increased across each set in the A-CLU protocol, with lower internal loads observed compared with the TRAD protocol. Overall, the training loads used in this study do not appear to maximize the benefits of using CLU set during 3 sets of power snatches performed for 5 repetitions. In addition, A-CLU sets may potentially be useful as a means of maximizing the power output of the athlete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Nagatani
- School of Medical and Health Science, Centre for Human Performance, Edith Cowan University, Western Australia, Australia; and
| | - Kristina L Kendall
- School of Medical and Health Science, Centre for Human Performance, Edith Cowan University, Western Australia, Australia; and
| | - Stuart N Guppy
- School of Medical and Health Science, Centre for Human Performance, Edith Cowan University, Western Australia, Australia; and
| | - Wayne C K Poon
- School of Medical and Health Science, Centre for Human Performance, Edith Cowan University, Western Australia, Australia; and
| | - G Gregory Haff
- School of Medical and Health Science, Centre for Human Performance, Edith Cowan University, Western Australia, Australia; and
- University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
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Guppy SN, Kotani Y, Brady CJ, Connolly S, Comfort P, Haff GG. The Reliability and Magnitude of Time-Dependent Force-Time Characteristics During the Isometric Midthigh Pull Are Affected by Both Testing Protocol and Analysis Choices. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 36:1191-1199. [PMID: 35482542 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Guppy, SN, Kotani, Y, Brady, CJ, Connolly, S, Comfort, P, and Haff, GG. Title: The reliability and magnitude of time-dependent force-time characteristics during the isometric mid-thigh pull are impacted by both testing protocol and analysis choices. J Strength Cond Res 36(5): 1191-1199, 2022-This study aimed to investigate whether the use of short-duration (SHORT) isometric midthigh pull (IMTP) trials resulted in greater reliability and magnitude of time-dependent force-time characteristics than traditionally performed IMTP trials (TRAD). Fourteen subjects with >6 months' training experience with the power clean volunteered to take part in the study. Subjects performed five ∼1-second IMTP trials (SHORT) and five 5-second IMTP trials (TRAD). SHORT resulted in substantially more reliable rate of force development (RFD) measures (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.97-0.99; coefficient of variation [CV] = 2.6-7.0%), particularly during time bands from force-onset to 150 ms, compared with TRAD when trials were selected for analysis based on peak force (ICC = 0.66-0.83; CV = 14.1-38.5%). Selecting TRAD trials based on RFD0-200 resulted in similar reliability compared with SHORT of those same epochs (ICC = 0.97-0.99; CV = 2.5-7.8%). Furthermore, SHORT resulted in significantly greater force at specific time points, RFD, and impulse compared with TRAD trials (p = 0.001-0.033; g = -0.16 to -0.66). Based on these results, strength and conditioning professionals should use specific testing protocols (i.e., TRAD and SHORT) depending on the component of an athlete's force-generating capacity that they wish to assess and remain aware of the effect analysis choices they have on the reliability of IMTP force-time characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart N Guppy
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Yosuke Kotani
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | | | - Shannon Connolly
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
- Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mt Claremont, Australia
| | - Paul Comfort
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
- Directorate of Psychology and Sport, University of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
- Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom ; and
| | - G Gregory Haff
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
- Directorate of Psychology and Sport, University of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
- Australian Weightlifting Federation, Brisbane, Australia
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Guppy SN, Kotani Y, Lake JP, Latella C, Wilkie JC, Kendall KL, Haff GG. The Agreement Between a Portable Contact-Mat and Force-Plates During Bilateral Vertical Jumps. Int J Exerc Sci 2022; 15:632-644. [PMID: 35989700 PMCID: PMC9365114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Force plates are commonly used when assessing vertical jumping performance but are not always affordable or practical tools for all testing situations. Twenty-four participants volunteered to take part in a study investigating the agreement between bilateral force plates and a new commercially available contact mat that records jump height, flight-time (FT), and FT of individual limbs during both countermovement (CMJ) and squat (SJ) jumps. Each participant performed six jumps of each type while standing on a contact mat placed upon a pair of in-ground force plates. When compared to the force plate via ordinary least products regression, the contact mat agreed with force plate CMJ and SJ jump height, individual limb FT during CMJs, and left-leg FT during SJs. The bilateral contact mat provided valid assessment of individual limb FT during CMJs, but not SJs. Practitioners can therefore use a bilateral contact mat interchangeably with bilateral force plates to measure SJ and CMJ performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart N Guppy
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, AUSTRALIA
| | - Yosuke Kotani
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, AUSTRALIA
| | - Jason P Lake
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, AUSTRALIA
- Chichester Institute of Sport, University of Chichester, West Sussex, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Christopher Latella
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, AUSTRALIA
- Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, AUSTRALIA
| | - Jodie Cochrane Wilkie
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, AUSTRALIA
| | - Kristina L Kendall
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, AUSTRALIA
| | - G Gregory Haff
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, AUSTRALIA
- Directorate of Psychology and Sport, University of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
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Nagatani T, Haff GG, Guppy SN, Kendall KL. Practical Application of Traditional and Cluster Set Configurations Within a Resistance Training Program. Strength Cond J 2021. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Guppy SN, Brady CJ, Kotani Y, Connolly S, Comfort P, Lake JP, Haff GG. A comparison of manual and automatic force-onset identification methodologies and their effect on force-time characteristics in the isometric midthigh pull. Sports Biomech 2021:1-18. [PMID: 34550045 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2021.1974532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the agreement of three different automated methods of identifying force-onset (40 N, 5 SDs, and 3 SDs) with manual identification, during the isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP). Fourteen resistance-trained participants with >6 months experience training with the power clean volunteered to take part. After three familiarisation sessions, the participants performed five maximal IMTPs separated by 1 min of rest. Fixed bias was found between 40 N and manual identification for time at force-onset. No proportional bias was present between manual identification and any automated threshold. Fixed bias between manual identification and automated was present for force at onset and F150. Proportional but not fixed bias was found for F50 between manual identification and all automated thresholds. Small to moderate differences (Hedges g = -0.487- -0.692) were found for F90 between all automated thresholds and manual identification, while trivial to small differences (Hedges g = -0.122--0.279) were found between methods for F200 and F250. Based on these results, strength and conditioning practitioners should not use a 40 N, 5 SDs, or 3 SDs threshold interchangeably with manual identification of force-onset when analysing IMTP force-time curve data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart N Guppy
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Claire J Brady
- Sport Ireland Institute, National Sports Campus, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yosuke Kotani
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Shannon Connolly
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
- High Performance Service Centre, Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mt Claremont, Australia
| | - Paul Comfort
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
- Directorate of Psychology and Sport, University of Salford, Salford, UK
- Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Jason P Lake
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
- Chichester Institute of Sport, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
| | - G Gregory Haff
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
- Directorate of Psychology and Sport, University of Salford, Salford, UK
- Australian Weightlifting Federation, Brisbane, Australia
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Plush MG, Guppy SN, Nosaka K, Barley OR. Developing a Comprehensive Testing Battery for Mixed Martial Arts. Int J Exerc Sci 2021; 14:941-961. [PMID: 34567372 PMCID: PMC8439691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mixed martial arts (MMA) is a combat sport that employs techniques from different combat disciplines. There are a multitude of technical and physiological characteristics that contribute to competitive success. Developing a single scientific assessment that can predict competitive outcomes poses great difficulty due to the complexity of MMA. While previous research has investigated some important physiological characteristics, there is no accepted best-practice for a comprehensive testing battery. As such, this study aimed to design and utilize a battery of physiological assessments to cover aerobic and anaerobic function, strength measures including explosive and maximal strength, body composition and repeat effort ability in Australian MMA athletes. Six participants with competitive experience were recruited. Testing involved a familiarization, three experimental sessions and including assessments such as the isometric midthigh pull, Wingate test, graded exercise test, countermovement jump and body composition scan. Results showed the testing battery in this study was realistic and able to be completed by the participants without issue and that regional Australian MMA athletes were similar physiologically to elite standard compared with previous research taken from a range of sources. However, future research with the testing battery is required with larger and more diverse samples to better understand the full profiles of MMA athletes. The results of the study can help inform athletes, researchers and support staff alike when deciding upon which testing protocols to use for MMA athletes. Future research should aim to develop normative data using the battery proposed in the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Plush
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Stuart N Guppy
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Kazunori Nosaka
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Oliver R Barley
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
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Kotani Y, Lake J, Guppy SN, Poon W, Nosaka K, Hori N, Haff GG. Reliability of the Squat Jump Force-Velocity and Load-Velocity Profiles. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 36:3000-3007. [PMID: 33966009 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Kotani, Y, Lake, J, Guppy, SN, Poon, W, Nosaka, K, Hori, N, and Haff, GG. The reliability of the squat jump force-velocity and load-velocity profiles. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2021-The purpose of this study was to investigate the between-session reliability of the squat jump force-velocity (FV) and load-velocity (LV) profiles. Eighteen subjects (age = 28.1 ± 4.8 years; height = 1.7 ± 9.7; body mass = 74.7 ± 12.8) who could back squat >1.5 times body mass participated in this study. Each subject completed a familiarization session, followed by 2 experimental sessions each separated by 72 hours. Subjects performed a series of squat jumps on a force plate against external loads between 0 and 100% of their body mass in a quasi-randomized block order. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CV) were used to examine the between-session reliability. Peak velocity (PV) and mean velocity (MV) at each load were highly reliable (ICC >0.80, CV% <7.41, SEM <0.13 m·s-1, smallest detectable difference [SDD] <0.31 m·s-1, ES <0.21). Force-velocity profiles created with peak force and relative peak force resulted in poor to excellent reliability (ICC = 0.34-0.92, CV% = 11.9-26.3). When mean and relative mean forces were used to create FV profiles, there was poor to good reliability (ICC = 0.03-0.85, CV% = 18.1-39.4). When the LV profile was calculated with PV (ICC = 0.60-0.90, CV% = 7.9-16.9) or MV (ICC = 0.49-0.91, CV% = 11.1-23.4), there was poor to excellent reliability. There was no time effect found between sessions for both FV and LV profiles. The squat jump FV and LV profiles established with a force plate are not reliable. Therefore, these profiles are not recommended to be used to inform programming decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Kotani
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia; Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Chichester, Chichester, United Kingdom; Performance Enhancement Division, Western Australian Institute of Sport, Perth, Australia; and Directorate of Physiotherapy and Sport, University of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
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Guppy SN, Brady CJ, Kotani Y, Stone MH, Medic N, Haff GG. Effect of Altering Body Posture and Barbell Position on the Within-Session Reliability and Magnitude of Force-Time Curve Characteristics in the Isometric Midthigh Pull. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33:3252-3262. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Comfort P, Dos'Santos T, Beckham GK, Stone MH, Guppy SN, Haff GG. Standardization and Methodological Considerations for the Isometric Midthigh Pull. Strength Cond J 2019. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Barley OR, Chapman DW, Guppy SN, Abbiss CR. Considerations When Assessing Endurance in Combat Sport Athletes. Front Physiol 2019; 10:205. [PMID: 30906267 PMCID: PMC6419021 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Combat sports encompass a range of sports, each involving physical combat between participants. Such sports are unique, with competitive success influenced by a diverse range of physical characteristics. Effectively identifying and evaluating each characteristic is essential for athletes and support staff alike. Previous research investigating the relationship between combat sports performance and measures of strength and power is robust. However, research investigating the relationship between combat sports performance and assessments of endurance is less conclusive. As a physical characteristic, endurance is complex and influenced by multiple factors including mechanical efficiency, maximal aerobic capacity, metabolic thresholds, and anaerobic capacities. To assess endurance of combat sports athletes, previous research has employed methods ranging from incremental exercise tests to circuits involving sports-specific techniques. These tests range in their ability to discern various physiological attributes or performance characteristics, with varying levels of accuracy and ecological validity. In fact, it is unclear how various physiological attributes influence combat sport endurance performance. Further, the sensitivity of sports specific skills in performance based tests is also unclear. When developing or utilizing tests to better understand an athletes' combat sports-specific endurance characteristic, it is important to consider what information the test will and will not provide. Additionally, it is important to determine which combination of performance and physiological assessments will provide the most comprehensive picture. Strengthening the understanding of assessing combat sport-specific endurance as a physiological process and as a performance metric will improve the quality of future research and help support staff effectively monitor their athlete's characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver R. Barley
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Dale W. Chapman
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Performance Support, New South Wales Institute of Sport, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stuart N. Guppy
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Chris R. Abbiss
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
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Guppy SN, Brady CJ, Kotani Y, Stone MH, Medic N, Haff GG. The Effect of Altering Body Posture and Barbell Position on the Between-Session Reliability of Force-Time Curve Characteristics in the Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull. Sports (Basel) 2018; 6:sports6040162. [PMID: 30513606 PMCID: PMC6316399 DOI: 10.3390/sports6040162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Seventeen strength and power athletes (n = 11 males, 6 females; height: 177.5 ± 7.0 cm, 165.8 ± 11.4 cm; body mass: 90.0 ± 14.1 kg, 66.4 ± 13.9 kg; age: 30.6 ± 10.4 years, 30.8 ± 8.7 years), who regularly performed weightlifting movements during their resistance training programs, were recruited to examine the effect of altering body posture and barbell position on the between-session reliability of force-time characteristics generated in the isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP). After participants were familiarised with the testing protocol, they undertook two testing sessions which were separated by seven days. In each session, the participants performed three maximal IMTP trials in each of the four testing positions examined, with the order of testing randomized. In each position, no significant differences were found between sessions for all force-time characteristics (p = >0.05). Peak force (PF), time-specific force (F50, F90, F150, F200, F250) and IMP time-bands (0–50, 0–90, 0–150, 0–200, 0–250 ms) were reliable across each of the four testing positions (ICC ≥ 0.7, CV ≤ 15%). Time to peak force, peak RFD, RFD time-bands (0–50, 0–90, 0–150, 0–200, 0–250 ms) and peak IMP were unreliable regardless of the testing position used (ICC = <0.7, CV = >15%). Overall, the use of body postures and barbell positions during the IMTP that do not correspond to the second pull of the clean have no adverse effect on the reliability of the force-time characteristics generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart N Guppy
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Australia.
| | - Claire J Brady
- Department of Physical Education & Sports Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland.
| | - Yosuke Kotani
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Australia.
| | - Michael H Stone
- Centre of Excellence for Sports Science and Coach Education, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.
| | - Nikola Medic
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Australia.
| | - Guy Gregory Haff
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Australia.
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