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Mokhtar A, Souhila T, Nacéra B, Amina B, Alghonaim MI, Öztürk M, Alsalamah SA, Miara MD, Boufahja F, Bendif H. In Vitro Antibacterial, Antioxidant, Anticholinesterase, and Antidiabetic Activities and Chemical Composition of Salvia balansae. Molecules 2023; 28:7801. [PMID: 38067531 PMCID: PMC10708212 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Salvia balansae de Noé (S. balansae) (Lamiaceae) is known to be an important plant used in folk medicine as an herbal remedy in Algeria. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study was to demonstrate the phytochemical composition, antioxidant activities, enzyme inhibitory activities, and antimicrobial activities of S. balansae extracts. MATERIALS AND METHODS A methanolic extract and a petroleum ether extract from the aerial parts of the plant were assessed for their chemical composition. HPLC-MS and HPLC-DAD assessed the content of phenols, GC-MS the fatty acid composition, and ICP-MS the mineral profiles of the plant. Additionally, we evaluated the bioactivities of S. balansae extracts by the DPPH, ABTS, and CUPRAC assays, including the antioxidant potential against AChE, BChE, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase for enzyme inhibition. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the methanolic extract were determined by the disc diffusion test against several strains of bacteria and yeasts. RESULTS Our findings revealed that the aerial parts of S. balansae were rich in phytochemical components and contained large amounts of minerals. Quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds by HPLC-DAD revealed the presence of 12 compounds in three major classes, flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acid, and phenolic acid derivatives, with 0.61, 0.45, and 0.29 mg/g of extract, respectively. Nine phenolic constituents were quantified by HPLC-MS analysis; catechin (72.5%) was the main compound, followed by myricetin (21.7%). The fatty acid composition of the S. balansae petroleum ether extract by GC-MS analysis was quantified. Seventeen compounds, including palmitic acid, were identified as the major fatty acids. The antioxidant activity of the S. balansae extracts was measured by three different methods: the methanol extract provided better results than the petroleum ether extract, and interesting values were noted for the DPPH, ABTS, and CUPRAC assays of 242.7 ± 7.44, 124.1 ± 9.70, and 222.9 ± 6.05 µg/mL, respectively. The enzyme inhibition activity of the plant could not be determined. The antimicrobial results of the methanolic extract obtained from the disc diffusion method, followed by measurements of MIC, MBC, and MFC against several bacteria and yeasts, indicated that S. balansae exhibited noticeable antimicrobial and antifungal activities. CONCLUSIONS These results provided new data about the main phenolic compounds and biological activities of extracts of the aerial parts of S. balansae, which might be an alternative source for synthetic bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amırat Mokhtar
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Ibn-Khaldoun of Tiaret, Tiaret 14000, Algeria;
| | - Tabak Souhila
- Department of Nature and Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Nature Sciences, University of Tiaret, Tiaret 14000, Algeria; (T.S.); (B.N.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Bouriah Nacéra
- Department of Nature and Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Nature Sciences, University of Tiaret, Tiaret 14000, Algeria; (T.S.); (B.N.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Benabdallah Amina
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Life and Nature Sciences, University Chadli Bendjedid, El-Tarf 36000, Algeria;
| | - Mohammed I. Alghonaim
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia; (M.I.A.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Mehmet Öztürk
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla 48121, Türkiye;
| | - Sulaiman A. Alsalamah
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia; (M.I.A.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Mohamed Djamel Miara
- Department of Nature and Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Nature Sciences, University of Tiaret, Tiaret 14000, Algeria; (T.S.); (B.N.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Fehmi Boufahja
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia; (M.I.A.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Hamdi Bendif
- Laboratory of Ethnobotany and Natural Substances, ENS de Kouba, Algiers 16308, Algeria;
- Faculty of Sciences, University of M’sila, P.O. Box 166, M’Sila 28000, Algeria
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Khenifi ML, Serseg T, Migas P, Krauze-Baranowska M, Özdemir S, Bensouici C, Alghonaim MI, Al-Khafaji K, Alsalamah SA, Boudjeniba M, Yousfi M, Boufahja F, Bendif H, Mahdid M. HPLC-DAD-MS Characterization, Antioxidant Activity, α-amylase Inhibition, Molecular Docking, and ADMET of Flavonoids from Fenugreek Seeds. Molecules 2023; 28:7798. [PMID: 38067527 PMCID: PMC10708475 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) has a great beneficial health effect; it has been used in traditional medicine by many cultures. Likewise, the α-amylase inhibitors are potential compounds in the development of drugs for the treatment of diabetes. The beneficial health effects of fenugreek lead us to explore the chemical composition of the seeds and their antioxidant and α-amylase inhibition activities. The flavonoid extraction from fenugreek seeds was achieved with methanol through a Soxhlet apparatus. Then, the flavonoid glycosides were characterized using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS analysis. The antioxidant capacity of fenugreek seed was measured using DPPH, FRAP, ABTS, and CUPRAC assays. Finally, the α-amylase inhibition activity was carried out using in vitro and in silico methods. The methanolic extract was found to contain high amounts of total phenolics (154.68 ± 1.50 μg GAE/mg E), flavonoids (37.69 ± 0.73 μg QE/mg E). The highest radical-scavenging ability was recorded for the methanolic extract against DPPH (IC50 = 556.6 ± 9.87 μg/mL), ABTS (IC50 = 593.62 ± 9.35 μg/mL). The ME had the best reducing power according to the CUPRAC (A 0.5 = 451.90 ± 9.07 μg/mL). The results indicate that the methanolic extracts of fenugreek seed best α-amylase inhibition activities IC50 = 653.52 ± 3.24 μg/mL. Twenty-seven flavonoids were detected, and all studied flavonoids selected have good affinity and stabilize very well in the pocket of α-amylase. The interactions between the studied flavonoids with α-amylase were investigated. The flavonoids from fenugreek seed present a good inhibitory effect against α-amylase, which is beneficial for the prevention of diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Lamine Khenifi
- Laboratoire d’Ethnobotanique et Substances Naturelles, Departement of Biology, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Kouba, B.P 92, Kouba 16308, Algeria; (M.L.K.); (M.B.); (H.B.); (M.M.)
- Laboratoire des Sciences Appliquées et Didactiques, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Laghouat, B.P 4033 la gare routière, Laghouat 03000, Algeria;
| | - Talia Serseg
- Laboratoire des Sciences Appliquées et Didactiques, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Laghouat, B.P 4033 la gare routière, Laghouat 03000, Algeria;
- Fundamental Sciences Laboratory, Amar Telidji University, Laghouat 03000, Algeria;
| | - Piotr Migas
- Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (P.M.); (M.K.-B.)
| | - Mirosława Krauze-Baranowska
- Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (P.M.); (M.K.-B.)
| | - Sadin Özdemir
- Food Processing Programme, Technical Science Vocational School Mersin University, Mersin TR-33343, Turkey;
| | - Chawki Bensouici
- Biotechnology Research Center (CRBT), Ali Mendjli New Town UV 03, B.P E73, Constantine 25016, Algeria;
| | - Mohammed I. Alghonaim
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia; (M.I.A.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Khattab Al-Khafaji
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Energy and Environmental Science, Al-Karkh University of Science, Baghdad 10081, Iraq;
| | - Sulaiman A. Alsalamah
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia; (M.I.A.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Messaoud Boudjeniba
- Laboratoire d’Ethnobotanique et Substances Naturelles, Departement of Biology, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Kouba, B.P 92, Kouba 16308, Algeria; (M.L.K.); (M.B.); (H.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Mohamed Yousfi
- Fundamental Sciences Laboratory, Amar Telidji University, Laghouat 03000, Algeria;
| | - Fehmi Boufahja
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia; (M.I.A.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Hamdi Bendif
- Laboratoire d’Ethnobotanique et Substances Naturelles, Departement of Biology, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Kouba, B.P 92, Kouba 16308, Algeria; (M.L.K.); (M.B.); (H.B.); (M.M.)
- Department of Natural and life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Msila, Msila 28000, Algeria
| | - Mohamed Mahdid
- Laboratoire d’Ethnobotanique et Substances Naturelles, Departement of Biology, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Kouba, B.P 92, Kouba 16308, Algeria; (M.L.K.); (M.B.); (H.B.); (M.M.)
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Alsalamah SA, Alghonaim MI, Jusstaniah M, Abdelghany TM. Anti-Yeasts, Antioxidant and Healing Properties of Henna Pre-Treated by Moist Heat and Molecular Docking of Its Major Constituents, Chlorogenic and Ellagic Acids, with Candida albicans and Geotrichum candidum Proteins. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1839. [PMID: 37763243 PMCID: PMC10532769 DOI: 10.3390/life13091839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lawsonia inermis, known as henna, has traditionally been utilized in cosmetics and folk medicine because of their valuable health effects. A lack of information about the processes that increase or decrease release, as well as the biological activities of constituents of natural origin, is an important pharmacological problem. This investigation evaluates the influence of moist heat on the flavonoid and phenolic contents of henna powder and their biological activities. HPLC analysis reflected the existence of 20 and 19 compounds of flavonoids and phenolics in the extract of unpre-treated henna by moist heat (UPMH) and pre-treated henna by moist heat (PMH). Several compounds such as chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid, rutin, rosmarinic acid, kaempferol, and pyrocatechol occurred with high concentrations of 57,017.33, 25,821.09, 15,059.88, 6345.08, 1248.42, and 819.19 µg/mL UPMH while occurred with low concentrations of 44,286.51, 17,914.26, 3809.85, 5760.05, 49.01, and 0.0 µg/mL, respectively in PMH. C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and G. candidum were more affected by UPMH with inhibition zones of 30.17 ± 0.29, 27 ± 0.5, and 29 ± 1.5 mm than PMH with inhibition zones of 29 ± 0.5, 25.33 ± 0.58, and 24.17 ± 0.29 mm, respectively. UPMH henna exhibited less MIC and MFC against the tested yeasts than PMH. Moreover, UPMH henna showed good wound healing, where the rat of migration, wound closure %, and area difference % were 14.806 um, 74.938 um2, and 710.667% compared with PMH henna 11.360 um, 59.083 um2, 545.333%, respectively. Antioxidant activity of UPMH and PMH henna. Promising antioxidant activity was recorded for both UPMH or PMH henna with IC50 5.46 µg/mL and 7.46 µg/mL, respectively. The docking interaction of chlorogenic acid and ellagic acid with the crystal structures of G. candidum (4ZZT) and C. albicans (4YDE) was examined. The biological screening demonstrated that the compounds had favorable docking results with particular proteins. Chlorogenic acid had robust behavior in the G. candidum (4ZZT) active pocket and displayed a docking score of -7.84379 Kcal/mol, higher than ellagic acid's -6.18615 Kcal/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulaiman A. Alsalamah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (M.I.A.)
| | - Mohammed Ibrahim Alghonaim
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (M.I.A.)
| | - Mohammed Jusstaniah
- University Medical Service Center, Building 70, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Tarek M. Abdelghany
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11725, Egypt
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Hechaichi FZ, Bendif H, Bensouici C, Alsalamah SA, Zaidi B, Bouhenna MM, Souilah N, Alghonaim MI, Benslama A, Medjekal S, Qurtam AA, Miara MD, Boufahja F. Phytochemicals, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Potentials and LC-MS Analysis of Centaurea parviflora Desf. Extracts. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052263. [PMID: 36903521 PMCID: PMC10005273 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Centaurea parviflora (C. parviflora), belonging to the family Asteraceae, is an Algerian medicinal plant used in folk medicine to treat different diseases related to hyperglycemic and inflammatory disorders, as well as in food. The present study aimed to assess the total phenolic content, in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activity and phytochemical profile of the extracts of C. parviflora. The extraction of phenolic compounds from aerial parts was conducted using solvents of increasing polarity starting from methanol, resulting in crude extract (CE), to chloroform extract (CHE), ethyl acetate extract (EAE) and butanol extract (BUE). The total phenolic, flavonoid and flavonol contents of the extracts were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu and AlCl3 methods, respectively. The antioxidant activity was measured with seven methods: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, galvinoxyl free-radical-scavenging test, 2,2'-Azino-Bis(3-Ethylbenzothiazoline-6-Sulfonic Acid) (ABTS) assay, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), reducing power, Fe+2-phenanthroline reduction assay and superoxide-scavenging test. The disc-diffusion method aimed at testing the sensitivity of bacterial strains toward our extracts. A qualitative analysis with thin-layer chromatography of the methanolic extract was performed. Moreover, HPLC-DAD-MS was used to establish the phytochemical profile of the BUE. The BUE was found to contain high amounts of total phenolics (175.27 ± 2.79 µg GAE/mg E), flavonoids (59.89 ± 0.91 µg QE/mg E) and flavonols (47.30 ± 0.51 µg RE/mg E). Using TLC, different components such as flavonoids and polyphenols were noted. The highest radical-scavenging ability was recorded for the BUE against DPPH (IC50 = 59.38 ± 0.72 µg/mL), galvinoxyl (IC50 = 36.25 ± 0.42 µg/mL), ABTS (IC50 = 49.52 ± 1.54 µg/mL) and superoxide (IC50 = 13.61 ± 0.38 µg/mL). The BUE had the best reducing power according to the CUPRAC (A0.5 = 71.80 ± 1.22 μg/mL), phenanthroline test (A0.5 = 20.29 ± 1.16 μg/mL) and FRAP (A0.5 = 119.17 ± 0.29 μg/mL). The LC-MS analysis of BUE allowed us to identify eight compounds including six phenolic acids and two flavonoids: quinic acid, five chlorogenic acid derivatives, rutin and quercetin 3-o-glucoside. This preliminary investigation revealed that the extracts of C. parviflora have a good biopharmaceutical activity. The BUE possesses an interesting potential for pharmaceutical/nutraceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Zohra Hechaichi
- Biodiversity and Biotechnological Techniques for Plant Resources Valorization Laboratory, Department of Natural and Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Msila, Msila 28000, Algeria
| | - Hamdi Bendif
- Biodiversity and Biotechnological Techniques for Plant Resources Valorization Laboratory, Department of Natural and Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Msila, Msila 28000, Algeria
- Laboratory of Ethnobotany and Natural Substances, Department of Natural Sciences, Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS), Alger 16308, Algeria
- Correspondence: (H.B.); (F.B.)
| | - Chawki Bensouici
- Biotechnology Research Center, UV 03, BP E7, Ali Mendjeli, Constantine 25000, Algeria
| | - Sulaiman A. Alsalamah
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Boutheina Zaidi
- Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Constantine, Constantine 25000, Algeria
| | | | - Nabila Souilah
- Laboratory for the Optimization of Agricultural Production in Sub-Humid Zones (LOPAZS), Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Skikda, Skikda 21000, Algeria
- Laboratory for Valorization of Natural Resources, Bioactive Molecules and Physico-Chemical and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Constantine, Constantine 25000, Algeria
| | - Mohammed I. Alghonaim
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abderrahim Benslama
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of Msila, Msila 28000, Algeria
| | - Samir Medjekal
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of Msila, Msila 28000, Algeria
| | - Ashraf A. Qurtam
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Djamel Miara
- Department and Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Tiaret, Tiaret 14000, Algeria
| | - Fehmi Boufahja
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (H.B.); (F.B.)
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Bouzidi I, Mougin K, Beyrem H, Alghonaim MI, Alsalamah SA, Qurtam AA, Mahmoudi E, Boufahja F, Sellami B. Physiological Impairment and Biochemical Modifications Induced by Triclosan in Mediterranean Mussels. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040583. [PMID: 36830370 PMCID: PMC9951677 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of pharmaceutical under aquatic biota are still not well established. In this investigation, we assessed the results of a common pharmaceutical's, triclosan (TCS), treatment on physiological and biochemical status of the Mediterranean mussels. Filtration and respiration rates were statistically reduced after treatment with highest considered concentration TCS2 = 100 µg·L-1. However, no modification (p > 0.05) was detected after treatment with TCS1 = 50 µg·L-1. For biochemical responses, oxidative stress parameters including H2O2 level and antioxidant enzymes were enhanced following concentration in considered organs. In parallel, Malondialdheyde content was measured in mussels after TCS treatment and lipid peroxidation occurred at high TCS concentration. Neurotoxicity evaluated by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was induced in gills and digestive glands after exposure to TCS2. Overall, physiological impairment, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and neurotoxicity could be induced by triclosan in mussels. The association of physiological and biochemical biomarkers constitute a useful tool to measure the impact of pharmaceuticals in marine organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Bouzidi
- Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, Coastal Ecology Unit, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerta, University of Carthage, Zarzouna 7021, Tunisia
- Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologies de Béja, Université de Jendouba, Jendouba 8189, Tunisia
| | - Karine Mougin
- Institut de Science des Matériaux, Université de Haute Alsace, IS2M-CNRS-UMR 7361, 15 Rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France
| | - Hamouda Beyrem
- Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, Coastal Ecology Unit, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerta, University of Carthage, Zarzouna 7021, Tunisia
| | - Mohammed I. Alghonaim
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman A. Alsalamah
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf A. Qurtam
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ezzeddine Mahmoudi
- Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, Coastal Ecology Unit, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerta, University of Carthage, Zarzouna 7021, Tunisia
| | - Fehmi Boufahja
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Badreddine Sellami
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer, Tabarka 8110, Tunisia
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Hajji Nabih M, Boulika H, El Hajam M, Alghonaim MI, Kandri NI, Alsalamah SA, Boufahja F. Successive Solvent Extraction, Characterization and Antioxidant Activities of Cardoon Waste (Leaves and Stems) Extracts: Comparative Study. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031129. [PMID: 36770795 PMCID: PMC9921796 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The main interest in the valorization of vegetable wastes is due to the peculiarity of their chemical composition in substances that present important properties. Among these substances, antioxidants could replace those industrially manufactured. In the present study, three solvents of different polarities (hexane, ethanol, and water) were applied for the extraction of phenolic compounds from Cynara cardunculus L. waste using two extraction methods: Soxhlet Extraction (SE) and Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction (UAE). The obtained extracts were then characterized by Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and spectrophotometric determination of Total Phenolics (TPC), Total Flavonoids (TFC), and Condensed Tannins (CT). Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity of ethanol and water extracts of leaves and stems were also evaluated. High extraction yields were obtained by UAE. Water extracts had high yield regardless of the technique used for leaves and stems, and these extracts showed high TAC of 534.72 ± 3.83 mg AAE/g FM for leaves and 215.70 ± 8.87 mg AAE/g FM (mg of ascorbic acid equivalent per g of FM) for stems, and IC50 of 2077.491 μg/mL for leaves and 1248.185 μg/mL for stems. We explain the latter by the high total phenolic contents (TPCs), which reach 579.375 ± 3.662 mg GAE/g FM (mg of gallic acid equivalents per g of fresh matter) for leaves and 264.906 ± 3.500 mg GAE/g FM for stems. These results confirmed that the leaves and stems of the studied cardoon waste were, indeed, interesting sources of natural antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Hajji Nabih
- Signals, Systems and Components Laboratory (SSC), Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Route Imouzzer, Atlas, Fez BP2202, Morocco
| | - Hamza Boulika
- Signals, Systems and Components Laboratory (SSC), Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Route Imouzzer, Atlas, Fez BP2202, Morocco
| | - Maryam El Hajam
- Signals, Systems and Components Laboratory (SSC), Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Route Imouzzer, Atlas, Fez BP2202, Morocco
- Advanced Structures and Composites Center, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Mohammed I. Alghonaim
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noureddine Idrissi Kandri
- Signals, Systems and Components Laboratory (SSC), Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Route Imouzzer, Atlas, Fez BP2202, Morocco
| | - Sulaiman A. Alsalamah
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fehmi Boufahja
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
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Zaher HA, El Baz S, Alothaim AS, Alsalamah SA, Alghonaim MI, Alawam AS, Eraqi MM. Molecular Basis of Methicillin and Vancomycin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus from Cattle, Sheep Carcasses and Slaughterhouse Workers. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020205. [PMID: 36830115 PMCID: PMC9952529 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a serious infection-causing pathogen in humans and animal. In particular, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is considered one of the major life-threatening pathogens due to its rapid resistance to several antibiotics in clinical practice. MRSA strains have recently been isolated in a number of animals utilized in food production processes, and these species are thought to be the important sources of the spread of infection and disease in both humans and animals. The main objective of the current study was to assess the prevalence of drug-resistant S. aureus, particularly vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) and MRSA, by molecular methods. To address this issue, a total of three hundred samples (200 meat samples from cattle and sheep carcasses (100 of each), 50 hand swabs, and 50 stool samples from abattoir workers) were obtained from slaughterhouses in Egypt provinces. In total, 19% S. aureus was isolated by standard culture techniques, and the antibiotic resistance was confirmed genotypically by amplification nucA gen. Characteristic resistance genes were identified by PCR with incidence of 31.5%, 19.3%, 8.7%, and 7% for the mecA, VanA, ermA, and tet L genes, respectively, while the aac6-aph gene was not found in any of the isolates. In this study, the virulence genes responsible for S. aureus' resistance to antibiotics had the highest potential for infection or disease transmission to animal carcasses, slaughterhouse workers, and meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan A. Zaher
- Food Hygiene and Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Shimaa El Baz
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Abdulaziz S. Alothaim
- Department of Biology, College of Science in Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman A. Alsalamah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Ibrahim Alghonaim
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S. Alawam
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa M. Eraqi
- Department of Biology, College of Science in Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-565709849
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Kumar A, Ahmad A, Ansari MM, Gowd V, Rashid S, Chaudhary AA, Rudayni HA, Alsalamah SA, Khan R. Functionalized-DNA nanostructures as potential targeted drug delivery systems for cancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:54-68. [PMID: 36087856 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Seeman's pioneer idea has led to the foundation of DNA nanostructures, resulting in a remarkable advancement in DNA nanotechnology. Over the last few decades, remarkable advances in drug delivery techniques have resulted in the self-assembly of DNA for encapsulating candidate drug molecules. The nuclear targeting capability of DNA nanostructures is lies within their high spatial addressability and tremendous potential for active targeting. However, effective programming and assembling those DNA molecules remains a challenge, making the path to DNA nanostructures for real-world applications difficult. Because of their small size, most nanostructures are self-capable of infiltrating into the tumor cellular environment. Furthermore, to enable controlled and site-specific delivery of encapsulated drug molecules, DNA nanostructures are functionalized with special moieties that allow them to bind specific targets and release cargo only at targeted sites rather than non-specific sites, resulting in the prevention/limitation of cellular toxicity. In light of this, the current review seeks to shed light on the versatility of the DNA molecule as a targeting and encapsulating moiety for active drugs in order to achieve controlled and specific drug release with spatial and temporal precision. Furthermore, this review focused on the challenges associated with the construction of DNA nanostructures as well as the most recent advances in the functionalization of DNA nanostructures using various materials for controlled and targeted delivery of medications for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Anas Ahmad
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Md Meraj Ansari
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, Sector 67, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Vemana Gowd
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Summya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anis Ahmad Chaudhary
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), P.O. Box 90950, Riyadh, 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Ahmed Rudayni
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), P.O. Box 90950, Riyadh, 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman A Alsalamah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), P.O. Box 90950, Riyadh, 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehan Khan
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India.
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Hafez HN, Alsalamah SA, El-Gazzar ARBA. Synthesis of thiophene and N-substituted thieno[3,2-d] pyrimidine derivatives as potent antitumor and antibacterial agents. Acta Pharm 2017; 67:275-292. [PMID: 28858838 DOI: 10.1515/acph-2017-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of carbamothioylamino-benzene-sulfonamide-thiophene-carboxylates 4a-c and thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-yl-amino-benzene-sulfonamides 5a-c were synthesized in a series of synthetic steps and were used as key intermediates for the synthesis of thienotriazolopyrimidine-benzene-sulfonamide derivatives 6a-c and 7a-c. Thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidinones (8 and 9) were also prepared. Compound 9 was used as an intermediate for the synthesis of imidazole/1,2,4-triazole and tetrazine functionalized thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives (10-12). Pyrrole derivatives/pyrrolopyrimidine/pyrrolotriazolopyrimidine functionalized thiophenes (15-19) were also synthesized. Structures of the newly synthesized compounds were established by elemental analysis and spectral data. Most of the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro activity against three human tumor cell lines, namely, liver cancer (HepG-2), colon cancer (HT-29) and lung cancer (NCI-H460), using doxorubicin as standard. Compounds 16 (GI50 = 0.02, 0.04 and 0.06 μmol L-1, resp.) and 19b (GI50 = 0.02, 0.03 and 0.05 μmol L-1, resp.) showed higher activity against all cell lines than doxorubicin. Most of the compounds were also screened for antibacterial activity using ciprofloxacin as standard drug. Compounds 4b and 6b, both containing benzenesulfonamide linked to N-, 10 bearing imidazole moiety, and 15 and 19b,c with a thiophene-2-carboxylic acid chain, exhibited high activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend N. Hafez
- Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU) , Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry , P.O. Box 90950 Riyadh 11623, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Photochemistry Department (Heterocyclic & Nucleosides Unit) , National Research Centre , Dokki 12622 , Giza , Egypt
| | - Sulaiman A. Alsalamah
- Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU) , Faculty of Science, Biology Department (Microbiology Unit) , P.O. Box 90950 Riyadh 11623, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdel-Rhman B. A. El-Gazzar
- Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU) , Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry , P.O. Box 90950 Riyadh 11623, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Photochemistry Department (Heterocyclic & Nucleosides Unit) , National Research Centre , Dokki 12622 , Giza , Egypt
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