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Bhavani K, Muthukumar A, Almuqbil M, Das K, V. Y, Almadani ME, Alshehri A, Alghamdi A, Hussain SA, Alamer BH, Abdulrahman Jibreel E, Rabbani SI, Alosaimi TM, Alharbi WF, Aldosari SM, Basheeruddin Asdaq SM. Neuroprotective potential of Cordia dichotoma in Parkinson's syndrome induced by haloperidol: An animal study. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101791. [PMID: 37771955 PMCID: PMC10523271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the major neurodegenerative disorders and the prevalence is expected to increase during the next couple of decades. There is a need for safe and effective therapeutic regimen that can effectively manage this neurotoxicity. The leaves and several other parts of Cordia dichotoma are known to possess number of medicinal properties. The purpose of this study was to examine the neuroprotective role of Cordia dichotoma in an experimental model of haloperidol-induced P.D. Materials and methods Five groups of rats were randomly assigned into different groups. Intraperitoneal haloperidol 1 mg/kg was given to the inducer group and 0.5% CMC to the normal control. The reference standard was syndopa 10 mg/kg, p.o., and the test group animals received C. dichotoma's ethanolic extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg orally for one week. Rats exposed to haloperidol were assessed for behavioral, neurochemical, and histopathological parameters. Results C. dichotoma leaves extract dose-dependently increased behavioral activity and muscle coordination. The extract at 400 mg/kg was found to increase significantly (P < 0.001) the central square activity in open-field test, compared to haloperidol treated rats. In stepping test, both tested doses of C. dichotoma (200 mg and 400 mg/kg) were found to significantly (P < 0.001) reduce akinesia, besides these doses also decreased the catatonic responses induced by haloperidol. Further, the extraction treatment (200 mg and 400 mg/kg) significantly (P < 0.001) decreased malonaldehyde and increased antioxidant enzymes like catalase compared to the control group. Histopathological changes in the test group showed a significant reduction in haloperidol damage to normal morphology in cortical, hippocampus, substantia nigra, and pyramidal. Conclusion The observations of the study suggest that Cordia dichotoma attenuated the haloperidol-induced neurological changes, indicating that the plant might benefit in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The activity of Cordia dichotoma could be linked to its antioxidant property. Since, the drug is traditionally used in different parts of world; it could be a promising agent if more research establishes its safety and efficacy in other experimental models of Parkinson's Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keserla Bhavani
- Department of Pharmacology, The Oxford College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560068, India
| | - A. Muthukumar
- Department of Pharmacology, The Oxford College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560068, India
| | - Mansour Almuqbil
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kuntal Das
- Research Director, Dept of Pharmacognosy, Mallige College of Pharmacy, #71, Silvepura, Chikkabanavara Post, Bangalore 560090, India
| | - Yakshitha V.
- Department of Pharmacology, The Oxford College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560068, India
| | - Moneer E. Almadani
- Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Dariyah, 13713 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alshehri
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Faisal Road, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Alghamdi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Clinical Pharmacy, Al-Baha University, P.O. Box 1988, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Arif Hussain
- Respiratory Care Department, College of Applied Sciences, AlMaarefa University, Dariyah, 13713 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader Hussain Alamer
- Department of Emergency Medical Services, College of Applied Sciences, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Syed Imam Rabbani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki Mohammed Alosaimi
- Department of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Farah Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Mohammed Aldosari
- Department of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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