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Rehman SK, O'Brien CA. Persister cells that survive chemotherapy are pinpointed. Nature 2022; 608:675-676. [PMID: 35821408 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-022-01866-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Rehman SK, Haynes J, Collignon E, Brown KR, Wang Y, Nixon AML, Bruce JP, Wintersinger JA, Singh Mer A, Lo EBL, Leung C, Lima-Fernandes E, Pedley NM, Soares F, McGibbon S, He HH, Pollet A, Pugh TJ, Haibe-Kains B, Morris Q, Ramalho-Santos M, Goyal S, Moffat J, O'Brien CA. Colorectal Cancer Cells Enter a Diapause-like DTP State to Survive Chemotherapy. Cell 2021; 184:226-242.e21. [PMID: 33417860 PMCID: PMC8437243 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells enter a reversible drug-tolerant persister (DTP) state to evade death from chemotherapy and targeted agents. It is increasingly appreciated that DTPs are important drivers of therapy failure and tumor relapse. We combined cellular barcoding and mathematical modeling in patient-derived colorectal cancer models to identify and characterize DTPs in response to chemotherapy. Barcode analysis revealed no loss of clonal complexity of tumors that entered the DTP state and recurred following treatment cessation. Our data fit a mathematical model where all cancer cells, and not a small subpopulation, possess an equipotent capacity to become DTPs. Mechanistically, we determined that DTPs display remarkable transcriptional and functional similarities to diapause, a reversible state of suspended embryonic development triggered by unfavorable environmental conditions. Our study provides insight into how cancer cells use a developmentally conserved mechanism to drive the DTP state, pointing to novel therapeutic opportunities to target DTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaiyah K Rehman
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Jennifer Haynes
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Evelyne Collignon
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5T 3L9, Canada
| | - Kevin R Brown
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Yadong Wang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Allison M L Nixon
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jeffrey P Bruce
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Jeffrey A Wintersinger
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada; Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3A1, Canada; Vector Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Arvind Singh Mer
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Edwyn B L Lo
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Cherry Leung
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | | | - Nicholas M Pedley
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Fraser Soares
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Sophie McGibbon
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - Housheng Hansen He
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Aaron Pollet
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5T 3L9, Canada
| | - Trevor J Pugh
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Clinical Genomics Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Benjamin Haibe-Kains
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3A1, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Quaid Morris
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada; Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3A1, Canada; Vector Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada; Computational and Systems Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Miguel Ramalho-Santos
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5T 3L9, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Sidhartha Goyal
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada.
| | - Jason Moffat
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada.
| | - Catherine A O'Brien
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
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Chang CC, Zhang C, Zhang Q, Sahin O, Wang H, Xu J, Xiao Y, Zhang J, Rehman SK, Li P, Hung MC, Behbod F, Yu D. Upregulation of lactate dehydrogenase a by 14-3-3ζ leads to increased glycolysis critical for breast cancer initiation and progression. Oncotarget 2018; 7:35270-83. [PMID: 27150057 PMCID: PMC5085227 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer. Elevated glycolysis in cancer cells switches the cellular metabolic flux to produce more biological building blocks, thereby sustaining rapid proliferation. Recently, new evidence has emerged that metabolic dysregulation may occur at early-stages of neoplasia and critically contribute to cancer initiation. Here, our bioinformatics analysis of microarray data from early-stages breast neoplastic lesions revealed that 14-3-3ζ expression is strongly correlated with the expression of canonical glycolytic genes, particularly lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA). Experimentally, increasing 14-3-3ζ expression in human mammary epithelial cells (hMECs) up-regulated LDHA expression, elevated glycolytic activity, and promoted early transformation. Knockdown of LDHA in the 14-3-3ζ-overexpressing hMECs significantly reduced glycolytic activity and inhibited transformation. Mechanistically, 14-3-3ζ overexpression activates the MEK-ERK-CREB axis, which subsequently up-regulates LDHA. In vivo, inhibiting the activated the MEK/ERK pathway in 14-3-3ζ-overexpressing hMEC-derived MCF10DCIS.COM lesions led to effective inhibition of tumor growth. Therefore, targeting the MEK/ERK pathway could be an effective strategy for intervention of 14-3-3ζ-overexpressing early breast lesions. Together, our data demonstrate that overexpression of 14-3-3ζ in early stage pre-cancerous breast epithelial cells may trigger an elevated glycolysis and transcriptionally up-regulating LDHA, thereby contributes to human breast cancer initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chi Chang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Cancer Biology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chenyu Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qingling Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ozgur Sahin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sumaiyah K Rehman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Cancer Biology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Fariba Behbod
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Dihua Yu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Cancer Biology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Blazier JC, Ruhlman TA, Weng ML, Rehman SK, Sabir JSM, Jansen RK. Divergence of RNA polymerase α subunits in angiosperm plastid genomes is mediated by genomic rearrangement. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24595. [PMID: 27087667 PMCID: PMC4834550 DOI: 10.1038/srep24595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genes for the plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP) persist in the plastid genomes of all photosynthetic angiosperms. However, three unrelated lineages (Annonaceae, Passifloraceae and Geraniaceae) have been identified with unusually divergent open reading frames (ORFs) in the conserved region of rpoA, the gene encoding the PEP α subunit. We used sequence-based approaches to evaluate whether these genes retain function. Both gene sequences and complete plastid genome sequences were assembled and analyzed from each of the three angiosperm families. Multiple lines of evidence indicated that the rpoA sequences are likely functional despite retaining as low as 30% nucleotide sequence identity with rpoA genes from outgroups in the same angiosperm order. The ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous substitutions indicated that these genes are under purifying selection, and bioinformatic prediction of conserved domains indicated that functional domains are preserved. One of the lineages (Pelargonium, Geraniaceae) contains species with multiple rpoA-like ORFs that show evidence of ongoing inter-paralog gene conversion. The plastid genomes containing these divergent rpoA genes have experienced extensive structural rearrangement, including large expansions of the inverted repeat. We propose that illegitimate recombination, not positive selection, has driven the divergence of rpoA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chris Blazier
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Tracey A Ruhlman
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Mao-Lun Weng
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Sumaiyah K Rehman
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jamal S M Sabir
- Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Robert K Jansen
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA.,Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Rehman SK, Huang WC, Yu D. Abstract 4033: MiR-21 upregulation in breast cancer cells leads to PTEN loss and Herceptin resistance. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am10-4033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wang H, Zhang S, Rehman SK, Zhang Z, Li W, Makki MS, Zhou X. Clinicopathological features of myxopapillary ependymoma. J Clin Neurosci 2014; 21:569-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2013.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Rehman SK, Li SH, Wyszomierski SL, Wang Q, Li P, Sahin O, Xiao Y, Zhang S, Xiong Y, Yang J, Wang H, Guo H, Zhang JD, Medina D, Muller WJ, Yu D. 14-3-3ζ orchestrates mammary tumor onset and progression via miR-221-mediated cell proliferation. Cancer Res 2013; 74:363-373. [PMID: 24197133 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
14-3-3ζ is overexpressed in more than 40% of breast cancers, but its pathophysiologic relevance to tumorigenesis has not been established. Here, we show that 14-3-3ζ overexpression is sufficient to induce tumorigenesis in a transgenic mouse model of breast cancer. MMTV-LTR promoter-driven HA-14-3-3ζ transgenic mice (MMTV-HA-14-3-3ζ) developed mammary tumors, whereas control mice did not. Whey acidic protein promoter-driven HA-14-3-3ζ transgenic mice (WAP-HA-14-3-3ζ) developed hyperplastic lesions and showed increased susceptibility to carcinogen-induced tumorigenesis. When crossed with MMTV-neu transgenic mice, 14-3-3ζ.neu transgenic mice exhibited accelerated mammary tumorigenesis and metastasis compared with MMTV-neu mice. Mechanistically, 14-3-3ζ overexpression enhanced MAPK/c-Jun signaling, leading to increased miR-221 transcription, which inhibited p27 CDKI translation and, consequently, promoted cell proliferation. Importantly, this 14-3-3ζ-miR-221-p27 proliferation axis is also functioning in breast tumors in patients and is associated with high-grade cancers. Taken together, our findings show that overexpression of 14-3-3ζ has a causal role in mammary tumorigenesis and progression, acting through miR-221 in cooperation with known oncogenic events to drive neoplastic cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaiyah K Rehman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Cancer Biology Program, University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences-Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shau-Hsuan Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shannon L Wyszomierski
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qingfei Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ozgur Sahin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yan Xiong
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jitao D Zhang
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, F. Hoffmann-La-Roche AG, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Medina
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - William J Muller
- Molecular Oncology Group, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Dihua Yu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Cancer Biology Program, University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences-Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Li SH, Wyszomierski SL, Li P, Wang Q, Rehman SK, Xiong Y, Yang J, Guo H, Zhang S, Fang D, Medina D, Muller WJ, Yu D. Abstract 2386: Overexpression of 14-3-3ζ in mouse mammary gland promotes mammary tumor development and progression by enhancing multiple tumor-associated properties. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-2386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The 14-3-3 proteins are a family of evolutionarily conserved proteins ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotic organisms. 14-3-3 proteins interact with and regulate many different target proteins including oncoproteins and tumor suppressors. Previously, we found that 14-3-3ζ was overexpressed in >40% of human breast cancers and associated with poor clinical outcome of patients. We also showed that 14-3-3ζ contributed to the transformation of MCF10A non-transformed human mammary epithelial cells and multiple breast cancer cells in vitro. Here, to assess the oncogenic capacity of 14-3-3ζ in vivo, we generated transgenic mice with HA-tagged 114-3-3ζ overexpressed in the mammary epithelium, driven by either the whey acidic protein promoter (WAP-HA-14-3-3ζ) or the MMTV- LTR promoter (MMTV-HA-14-3-3ζ).
Multiparous WAP-HA-14-3-3ζ transgenic mice developed hyperplastic lesions and showed an increased susceptibility to the induction of mammary tumors by the carcinogen, DMBA. Remarkably, MMTV-HA-14-3-3ζ mice developed mammary tumors with a median tumor latency of 662 days without DMBA treatment. WAP-HA-14-3-3ζ and MMTV-HA-14-3-3ζ mice crossed with MMTV-neu transgenic mice (WAP-ζ.neu and and MMTV-ζ.neu) exhibited accelerated neu-mediated mammary tumorigenesis and metastasis. Compared to the mammary tumors of MMTV-neu mice, 14-3-3ζ overexpression in bitransgenic mice tumors further increased cell proliferation, reduced apoptosis and enhanced angiogenesis. These data indicate that 14-3-3ζ overexpression in the mouse mammary gland promotes the development and progression of mammary tumors and that 14-3-3ζ, in cooperation with other oncogenic events, plays a causal role in mammary tumorigenesis and metastasis.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2386. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2386
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ping Li
- 1UT M.D. Anderson Cancer Ctr., Houston, TX
| | | | | | - Yan Xiong
- 1UT M.D. Anderson Cancer Ctr., Houston, TX
| | - Jun Yang
- 1UT M.D. Anderson Cancer Ctr., Houston, TX
| | - Hua Guo
- 1UT M.D. Anderson Cancer Ctr., Houston, TX
| | | | | | | | | | - Dihua Yu
- 1UT M.D. Anderson Cancer Ctr., Houston, TX
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Chang CJ, Chao CH, Xia W, Yang JY, Xiong Y, Li CW, Yu WH, Rehman SK, Hsu JL, Lee HH, Liu M, Chen CT, Yu D, Hung MC. p53 regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stem cell properties through modulating miRNAs. Nat Cell Biol 2011; 13:317-23. [PMID: 21336307 PMCID: PMC3075845 DOI: 10.1038/ncb2173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 585] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has recently been linked to stem cell phenotype. However, the molecular mechanism underlying EMT and regulation of stemness remains elusive. Here, using genomic approaches, we show that tumour suppressor p53 has a role in regulating both EMT and EMT-associated stem cell properties through transcriptional activation of the microRNA miR-200c. p53 transactivates miR-200c through direct binding to the miR-200c promoter. Loss of p53 in mammary epithelial cells leads to decreased expression of miR-200c and activates the EMT programme, accompanied by an increased mammary stem cell population. Re-expressing miR-200c suppresses genes that mediate EMT and stemness properties and thereby reverts the mesenchymal and stem-cell-like phenotype caused by loss of p53 to a differentiated epithelial cell phenotype. Furthermore, loss of p53 correlates with a decrease in the level of miR-200c, but an increase in the expression of EMT and stemness markers, and development of a high tumour grade in a cohort of breast tumours. This study elucidates a role for p53 in regulating EMT-MET (mesenchymal-epithelial transition) and stemness or differentiation plasticity, and reveals a potential therapeutic implication to suppress EMT-associated cancer stem cells through activation of the p53-miR-200c pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ju Chang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Chen S, Rehman SK, Zhang W, Wen A, Yao L, Zhang J. Autophagy is a therapeutic target in anticancer drug resistance. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2010; 1806:220-9. [PMID: 20637264 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2010.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Revised: 07/05/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a type of cellular catabolic degradation response to nutrient starvation or metabolic stress. The main function of autophagy is to maintain intracellular metabolic homeostasis through degradation of unfolded or aggregated proteins and organelles. Although autophagic regulation is a complicated process, solid evidence demonstrates that the PI3K-Akt-mTOR, LKB1-AMPK-mTOR and p53 are the main upstream regulators of the autophagic pathway. Currently, there is a bulk of data indicating the important function of autophagy in cancer. It is noteworthy that autophagy facilitates the cancer cells' resistance to chemotherapy and radiation treatment. The abrogation of autophagy potentiates the re-sensitization of therapeutic resistant cancer cells to the anticancer treatment via autophagy inhibitors, such as 3-MA, CQ and BA, or knockdown of the autophagy related molecules. In this review, we summarize the accumulation of evidence for autophagy's involvement in mediating resistance of cancer cells to anticancer therapy and suggest that autophagy might be a potential therapeutic target in anticancer drug resistance in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suning Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, People's Republic of China
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