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Lim HJ, Shin KS, Lee JE, You SK, Kim KH. Rare Case of Large Hemolymphangioma in the Small Bowel Mesentery: A Case Report. J Korean Soc Radiol 2023; 84:504-511. [PMID: 37051397 PMCID: PMC10083628 DOI: 10.3348/jksr.2022.0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Hemolymphangioma or hemangiolymphangioma is a rare venolymphatic vascular malformation composed of proliferations or networks of vascular spaces including the lymphatics, capillaries, veins, or arteries. The small bowel is a rare location for hemolymphangioma, and the small bowel mesentery is an even rarer site. Herein, we report a surgically confirmed large complex hemolymphangioma in the small bowel mesentery in a 55-year-old male.
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Kim E, Cho HH, Cho SH, Park B, Hong J, Shin KM, Hwang MJ, You SK, Lee SM. Accelerated Synthetic MRI with Deep Learning-Based Reconstruction for Pediatric Neuroimaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2022; 43:1653-1659. [PMID: 36175085 PMCID: PMC9731246 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Synthetic MR imaging is a time-efficient technique. However, its rather long scan time can be challenging for children. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical feasibility of accelerated synthetic MR imaging with deep learning-based reconstruction in pediatric neuroimaging and to investigate the impact of deep learning-based reconstruction on image quality and quantitative values in synthetic MR imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included 47 children 2.3-14.7 years of age who underwent both standard and accelerated synthetic MR imaging at 3T. The accelerated synthetic MR imaging was reconstructed using a deep learning pipeline. The image quality, lesion detectability, tissue values, and brain volumetry were compared among accelerated deep learning and accelerated and standard synthetic data sets. RESULTS The use of deep learning-based reconstruction in the accelerated synthetic scans significantly improved image quality for all contrast weightings (P < .001), resulting in image quality comparable with or superior to that of standard scans. There was no significant difference in lesion detectability between the accelerated deep learning and standard scans (P > .05). The tissue values and brain tissue volumes obtained with accelerated deep learning and the other 2 scans showed excellent agreement and a strong linear relationship (all, R 2 > 0.9). The difference in quantitative values of accelerated scans versus accelerated deep learning scans was very small (tissue values, <0.5%; volumetry, -1.46%-0.83%). CONCLUSIONS The use of deep learning-based reconstruction in synthetic MR imaging can reduce scan time by 42% while maintaining image quality and lesion detectability and providing consistent quantitative values. The accelerated deep learning synthetic MR imaging can replace standard synthetic MR imaging in both contrast-weighted and quantitative imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kim
- From the Departments of Medical and Biological Engineering (E.K.)
- Korea Radioisotope Center for Pharmaceuticals (E.K.), Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - H-H Cho
- Department of Radiology and Medical Research Institute (H.-H.C.), College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S H Cho
- Radiology (S.H.C., B.P., J.H., K.M.S., S.M.L.), School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Department of Radiology (S.H.C., B.P., J.H., K.M.S., S.M.L.), Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - B Park
- Radiology (S.H.C., B.P., J.H., K.M.S., S.M.L.), School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Department of Radiology (S.H.C., B.P., J.H., K.M.S., S.M.L.), Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - J Hong
- Radiology (S.H.C., B.P., J.H., K.M.S., S.M.L.), School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Department of Radiology (S.H.C., B.P., J.H., K.M.S., S.M.L.), Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - K M Shin
- Radiology (S.H.C., B.P., J.H., K.M.S., S.M.L.), School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Department of Radiology (S.H.C., B.P., J.H., K.M.S., S.M.L.), Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - M J Hwang
- GE Healthcare Korea (M.J.H.), Seoul, South Korea
| | - S K You
- Department of Radiology (S.K.Y.), Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - S M Lee
- Radiology (S.H.C., B.P., J.H., K.M.S., S.M.L.), School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Department of Radiology (S.H.C., B.P., J.H., K.M.S., S.M.L.), Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
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Lee SM, Choi YH, Cheon JE, Kim IO, Cho SH, Kim WH, Kim HJ, Cho HH, You SK, Park SH, Hwang MJ. Image quality at synthetic brain magnetic resonance imaging in children. Pediatr Radiol 2017. [PMID: 28638982 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-017-3913-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical application of the multi-echo, multi-delay technique of synthetic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) generates multiple sequences in a single acquisition but has mainly been used in adults. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the image quality of synthetic brain MR in children compared with that of conventional images. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-nine children (median age: 6 years, range: 0-16 years) underwent synthetic and conventional imaging. Synthetic (T2-weighted, T1-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery [FLAIR]) images with settings matching those of the conventional images were generated. The overall image quality, gray/white matter differentiation, lesion conspicuity and image degradations were rated on a 5-point scale. The relative contrasts were assessed quantitatively and acquisition times for the two imaging techniques were compared. RESULTS Synthetic images were inferior due to more pronounced image degradations; however, there were no significant differences for T1- and T2-weighted images in children <2 years old. The quality of T1- and T2-weighted images were within the diagnostically acceptable range. FLAIR images showed greatly reduced quality. Gray/white matter differentiation was comparable or better in synthetic T1- and T2-weighted images, but poorer in FLAIR images. There was no effect on lesion conspicuity. Synthetic images had equal or greater relative contrast. Acquisition time was approximately two-thirds of that for conventional sequences. CONCLUSION Synthetic T1- and T2-weighted images were diagnostically acceptable, but synthetic FLAIR images were not. Lesion conspicuity and gray/white matter differentiation were comparable to conventional MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Mi Lee
- Department of Radiology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Young Hun Choi
- Department of Radiology and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-769, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Eun Cheon
- Department of Radiology and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-769, Republic of Korea
| | - In-One Kim
- Department of Radiology and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-769, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Cho
- Department of Radiology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Won Hwa Kim
- Department of Radiology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hye Jung Kim
- Department of Radiology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Hae Cho
- Department of Radiology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun-Kyoung You
- Department of Radiology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sook-Hyun Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University Hospital,, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Moon Jung Hwang
- MR Applications and Workflow, GE Healthcare, Seoul, South Korea
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You SK, Lee JE, Lee SM, Cho HH. Metabolic bone disease in preterm infants: Relationship between radiologic grading in the wrist and serum biochemical markers. Diagn Interv Imaging 2017; 98:785-791. [PMID: 28734779 DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the relationship between radiographic findings of metabolic bone disease (MBD) and serum biochemical markers in preterm infants. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 159 preterm infants were included in this study. Two readers reviewed the wrist radiography for grading according to MBD severity. We recorded the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and phosphorous (P) immediately after birth, on the same day of the first wrist radiography (ALP-s, P-s), the highest/lowest ALP/P levels before the first wrist radiography (ALP-hb/P-lb) and during follow-up (ALP-h/P-l). For analysis, the patients were first subdivided into 4 groups according to MBD severity, and were then divided into 2 groups according to MBD presence or absence. RESULTS Of the 159 patients, 94, 39, 19, and 7 infants were classified into grades 0,1, 2, and 3. Analysis according to severity showed that ALP-s, ALP-hb, and ALP-h differed between grades 0-1 and 2-3 (all P<0.001); P-lb differed between grades 0 and 2 (P=0.001); and P-l differed between grades 0 and 2 or 3 (P<0.001 or P=0.001). Moreover, ALP-s, ALP-hb, ALP-h, P-s, P-lb, and P-l differed according to the presence or absence of MBD (P<0.001). ALP-h showed the largest area under the curve value (0.752, 95% confidence interval=0.676-0.828, P<0.001). The optimal cut-off value of ALP-h was 473.5U/L. The sensitivity and specificity were 81.5% and 47.9%. ALP-h was measured at 6.9±5.3 weeks after birth. CONCLUSION Taking the wrist radiography with reference to an ALP level measured at around 6.9 weeks after birth could be helpful for screening of MBD in preterm infants, unless a fracture is clinically suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K You
- Department of Radiology, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - J E Lee
- Department of Radiology, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea.
| | - S M Lee
- Department of Radiology, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, 807 Hoguk-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - H-H Cho
- Department of Radiology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the incidence of the sacroiliac joint vacuum phenomenon (SIJ VP) in paediatric patients and the relationship between the presence of VP and clinical factors such as age, sex and body mass index (BMI). METHODS We retrospectively reviewed clinical data and imaging findings of 60 patients who underwent abdominopelvic CT (AP CT) between January and June 2015. Patients were divided into VP group and non-VP group based on the presence/absence of VP, and the groups were compared. In addition, other degenerative changes in the SIJ were recorded. RESULTS The SIJ VP was detected in 19 (31.6%) patients. There were no significant differences in sex distribution between VP and non-VP groups (p = 0.781). The age of the VP group was significantly higher than that of the non-VP group (p < 0.001). After adjusting the BMI for age, there was no significant association between high BMI and the presence of SIJ VP (p = 0.326). Other degenerative changes were not noted in any of the patients. CONCLUSION The SIJ VP is not an uncommon finding in paediatric patients. The prevalence of SIJ VP in paediatric patients is similar to its prevalence in adults. The SIJ VP is related to patient age, but not to sex or BMI in children and young adolescents. Advances in knowledge: AP CT can provide information about the SIJ, if it is required to assess the SIJ in paediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Kyoung You
- 1 Department of Radiology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Lee
- 1 Department of Radiology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Lee
- 1 Department of Radiology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jongchul Kim
- 1 Department of Radiology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea.,2 Department of Radiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - So-Mi Lee
- 3 Department of Radiology, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Hae Cho
- 4 Department of Radiology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
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Cho HH, Cheon JE, Kim SK, Choi YH, Kim IO, Kim WS, Lee SM, You SK, Shin SM. Quantitative Assessment of Neovascularization after Indirect Bypass Surgery: Color-Coded Digital Subtraction Angiography in Pediatric Moyamoya Disease. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2015; 37:932-8. [PMID: 26680463 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE For the postoperative follow-up in pediatric patients with Moyamoya disease, it is essential to evaluate the degree of neovascularization status. Our aim was to quantitatively assess the neovascularization status after bypass surgery in pediatric Moyamoya disease by using color-coded digital subtraction angiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS Time-attenuation intensity curves were generated at ROIs corresponding to surgical flap sites from color-coded DSA images of the common carotid artery, internal carotid artery, and external carotid artery angiograms obtained pre- and postoperatively in 32 children with Moyamoya disease. Time-to-peak and area under the curve values were obtained. Postoperative changes in adjusted time-to-peak (ΔTTP) and ratios of adjusted area under the curve changes (ΔAUC ratio) of common carotid artery, ICA, and external carotid artery angiograms were compared across clinical and angiographic outcome groups. To analyze diagnostic performance, we categorized clinical outcomes into favorable and unfavorable groups. RESULTS The ΔTTP at the common carotid artery increased among clinical and angiographic outcomes, in that order, with significant differences (P = .003 and .005, respectively). The ΔAUC ratio at the common carotid artery and external carotid artery also increased, in that order, among clinical and angiographic outcomes with a significant difference (all, P = .000). The ΔAUC ratio of ICA showed no significant difference among clinical and angiographic outcomes (P = .418 and .424, respectively). The ΔTTP for the common carotid artery of >1.27 seconds and the ΔAUC ratio of >33.5% for the common carotid artery and 504% for the external carotid artery are revealed as optimal cutoff values between favorable and unfavorable groups. CONCLUSIONS Postoperative changes in quantitative values obtained with color-coded DSA software showed a significant correlation with outcome scores and can be used as objective parameters for predicting the outcome in pediatric Moyamoya disease, with an additional cutoff value calculated through the receiver operating characteristic curve.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-H Cho
- From the Department of Radiology (H.-H.C., J.-E.C., Y.H.C., I.-O.K., W.S.K., S.-M.L., S.K.Y.), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - J-E Cheon
- From the Department of Radiology (H.-H.C., J.-E.C., Y.H.C., I.-O.K., W.S.K., S.-M.L., S.K.Y.), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea Department of Radiology (J.-E.C., Y.H.C., I.-O.K., W.S.K.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Institute of Radiation Medicine (J.-E.C., I.-O.K., W.S.K.), Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - S-K Kim
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery (S.-K.K.), Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y H Choi
- From the Department of Radiology (H.-H.C., J.-E.C., Y.H.C., I.-O.K., W.S.K., S.-M.L., S.K.Y.), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea Department of Radiology (J.-E.C., Y.H.C., I.-O.K., W.S.K.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - I-O Kim
- From the Department of Radiology (H.-H.C., J.-E.C., Y.H.C., I.-O.K., W.S.K., S.-M.L., S.K.Y.), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea Department of Radiology (J.-E.C., Y.H.C., I.-O.K., W.S.K.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Institute of Radiation Medicine (J.-E.C., I.-O.K., W.S.K.), Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - W S Kim
- From the Department of Radiology (H.-H.C., J.-E.C., Y.H.C., I.-O.K., W.S.K., S.-M.L., S.K.Y.), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea Department of Radiology (J.-E.C., Y.H.C., I.-O.K., W.S.K.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Institute of Radiation Medicine (J.-E.C., I.-O.K., W.S.K.), Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - S-M Lee
- From the Department of Radiology (H.-H.C., J.-E.C., Y.H.C., I.-O.K., W.S.K., S.-M.L., S.K.Y.), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - S K You
- From the Department of Radiology (H.-H.C., J.-E.C., Y.H.C., I.-O.K., W.S.K., S.-M.L., S.K.Y.), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - S-M Shin
- Department of Radiology (S.-M.S.), Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Cha MY, Roh HJ, You SK, Lee SH, Cho HJ, Kwon YS. Meigs' syndrome with elevated serum CA 125 level in a case of ovarian fibrothecoma. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2014; 35:734-737. [PMID: 25556284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Meigs' syndrome is the association of benign ovarian tumor, pleural effusion, and ascites. Meigs' syndrome with marked elevated CA 125 is a rare clinical entity and only 42 cases have been reported. Although there is difficulty in discerning the diagnosis of Meigs' syndrome from that of an ovarian malignancy, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis in postmenopausal patients with an ovarian mass, hydrothorax, ascites, and elevated CA 125. In this report, the authors present the case of a 52-year-old postmenopausal woman with ovarian fibrothecoma, pleural effusion, ascites, and elevated CA 125 (319.2 IU/ml). Exploratory laparotomy with total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed, and the pathologic diagnosis was ovarian fibrothecoma. After the surgery, the pleural effusion disappeared spontaneously and the CA 125 became normal. The authors also summarized other cases of Meigs' syndrome with elevated CA 125, and reviewed the mechanism of elevation of CA 125, ascites, and pleural effusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Cha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Lee HG, Choi YJ, Lee SR, Kuwayama H, Hidari H, You SK. Effects of dietary protein and growth hormone-releasing peptide (GHRP-2) on plasma IGF-1 and IGFBPs in Holstein steers. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2005; 28:134-46. [PMID: 15713362 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2004.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2004] [Accepted: 07/12/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study was conduct to determine the influence of dietary protein on the response of plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) to exogenous growth hormone releasing peptide-2 (GHRP-2 or KP 102) in Holstein steers. Eight 16-month-old Holstein steers were grouped by liveweight to two feeding treatments; high protein (HP; CP 1.38 kg/day and TDN 4.5 kg/day DM intake, n=4) or low protein (LP; CP 0.66 kg/day and TDN 4.42 kg/day DM intake, n=4). The experiment was a single reverse design whereby each group was injected twice daily with GHRP-2 (12.5 microg/kg body weight (BW)/day) or saline solution into the jugular vein for a 6-day period. Plasma IGF-1 in the HP group were higher than in the LP group (P<0.05), but plasma 34 kDa IGFBP-2 was lower in the HP than the LP group (P<0.05). The amplitude of the maximum growth hormone (GH) peaks responding to GHRP-2 injection were higher at day 1 than at day 6 of saline or GHRP-2 treatment in both LP and HP steers (P<0.05). The area under the GH response curve for 180 min after the GHRP-2 injection was not significantly different between the LP and the HP groups at days 1 and 6. A response in plasma IGF-1 concentration to GHRP-2 treatment in the HP group was observed at day 1 (198.9+/-18.1 ng/ml), day 2 (195.2+/-21.1 ng/ml) and day 6 (201.3+/-14.8 ng/ml) (P<0.05). No increase in plasma IGF-1 was observed from GHRP-2 administration in the LP group. Although the response of plasma IGF-1 concentration to GHRP-2 administration was increased in the HP group (P<0.05), there was no apparent effect of GHRP-2 treatment on plasma 38-43 kDa IGFBP-3 and 34 kDa IGFBP-2 at days 2 and 6 of treatment. In conclusion, it is proposed that the 34 kDa IGFBP-2 is sensitive to dietary protein level and may play an important role in the regulation of circulating IGF-1 in ruminant. In addition, increased plasma IGF-1 concentration observed in the HP group in response to the GHRP-2 treatment did not appear to affect plasma IGFBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Lee
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 441-744, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is an avian lymphotropic virus that causes immunosuppression. When specific-pathogen-free chickens were exposed to a pathogenic strain of IBDV (IM), the virus rapidly destroyed B cells in the bursa of Fabricius. Extensive viral replication was accompanied by an infiltration of T cells in the bursa. We studied the characteristics of intrabursal T lymphocytes in IBDV-infected chickens and examined whether T cells were involved in virus clearance. Flow cytometric analysis of single-cell suspensions of the bursal tissue revealed that T cells were first detectable at 4 days postinoculation (p.i.). At 7 days p.i., 65% of bursal cells were T cells and 7% were B cells. After virus infection, the numbers of bursal T cells expressing activation markers Ia and CD25 were significantly increased (P<0.03). In addition, IBDV-induced bursal T cells produced elevated levels of interleukin-6-like factor and nitric oxide-inducing factor in vitro. Spleen and bursal cells of IBDV-infected chickens had upregulated gamma interferon gene expression in comparison with virus-free chickens. In IBDV-infected chickens, bursal T cells proliferated in vitro upon stimulation with purified IBDV in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.02), whereas virus-specific T-cell expansion was not detected in the spleen. Cyclosporin A treatment, which reduced the number of circulating T cells and compromised T-cell mitogenesis, increased viral burden in the bursae of IBDV-infected chickens. The results suggest that intrabursal T cells and T-cell-mediated responses may be important in viral clearance and promoting recovery from infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J Kim
- Department of Veterinary PathoBiology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
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