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Yoon H, Ro YS, Jung E, Moon SB, Park GJ, Lee SGW, Shin SD. Serum Caffeine Concentration at the Time of Traumatic Brain Injury and Its Long-Term Clinical Outcomes. J Neurotrauma 2023; 40:2386-2395. [PMID: 37609786 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2023.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Caffeine is one of the most widely consumed psychoactive drugs in the general population. It has a neuroprotective effect in degenerative neurological disorders; however, the association between caffeine and traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcomes is contradictory. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between serum caffeine concentration at the time of injury and long-term functional outcomes of patients with TBI visiting the emergency department (ED). This was a prospective multi-center cohort study including adult patients with intracranial injury confirmed by radiological examination, who visited five participating EDs within 72 h after TBI. The main exposure was the serum caffeine level within 4 h after injury, and the study outcome was a favorable functional recovery at 6 months after injury. Multi-variable logistic regression analysis adjusted for potential confounders was performed to calculate adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Among the 334 study participants, caffeine was not detected in 102 patients (30.5 %). In patients with identifiable caffeine level, serum caffeine level was categorized into tercile groups; low (0.01-0.58 μg/mL), intermediate (0.59-1.66 μg/mL), and high (1.67-10.00 μg/mL). The proportions of patients with a 6-month favorable functional recovery were 56.9% in the no-caffeine group, 79.2% in the low-caffeine group, 75.3% in the intermediate-caffeine group, and 66.7% in the high-caffeine group (p = 0.006). In multi-variable logistic regression analysis, the low- and intermediate-caffeine groups were significantly associated with a higher probability of 6-month favorable functional recovery compared with the no-caffeine group [AORs (95% CI): 2.82 (1.32-6.02) and 2.18 (1.06-4.47], respectively. This study showed a significant association between a serum caffeine concentration of 0.01 to 1.66 μg/mL and good functional recovery at 6 months after injury compared with the no-caffeine group of patients with TBI with intracranial injury. These results suggest the possibility of using serum caffeine level as a potential biomarker for TBI outcome prediction and of using caffeine as a therapeutic agent in the clinical care of patients with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Yoon
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Sun Ro
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eujene Jung
- Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sung Bae Moon
- Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine Kyungpook National University and Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Gwan Jin Park
- Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Stephen Gyung Won Lee
- Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Do Shin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Lee SGW, Ro YS, Jung E, Moon SB, Park GJ, Yoon H, Park JH, Shin SD. Serum Acylcarnitine and Long-Term Functional Prognosis after Traumatic Brain Injury with Intracranial Injury: A Multi-Center Prospective Study. J Neurotrauma 2023; 40:274-282. [PMID: 36047826 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum biomarkers have potential to help predict prognosis of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between serum acylcarnitine levels and functional outcomes at 1 month/6 months after injury for TBI patients with intracranial hemorrhage or diffuse axonal injury. This study is a multi-center prospective cohort study in which adult TBI patients with intracranial injury visiting the emergency departments (EDs) from December 2018 to June 2020 were enrolled. Serum acylcarnitine levels at the time of ED arrival were categorized into four groups: low (1.2-5.5 μmol/L), low-normal (5.6-10.0 μmol/L), high-normal (10.1-14.5 μmol/L), and high (1.4.6-56.6 μmol/L). The study outcome was set as poor functional recovery at 1 month/6 months after injury (Glasgow Outcome Scale score, 1-3). Multi-level logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate association between serum acylcarnitine and functional outcomes. Among total of 549 patients, poor functional recovery at 1 month and 6 months after injury were observed in 29.1% (160/549) and 29.1% (158/543, follow-up loss n = 6). The odds for 1-month poor functional outcome increased in the high-normal and the high groups [adjusted odds ratios, AORs (95% confidence intervals, CIs): 1.56 (1.09-2.23) and 2.47 (1.63-3.75)], compared with the low-normal group) and also as a continuous variable [1.05 (1.03-1.07) for each 1 μmol/L]. Regarding 6-month mortality, the high group had significantly higher odds when compared with the low-normal group [AOR (95% CI): 2.16 (1.37-3.40)]. Higher serum acylcarnitine levels are associated with poor functional outcomes at 1 month/6 months after injury for TBI patients with intracranial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Gyung Won Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Sun Ro
- Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eujene Jung
- Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sung Bae Moon
- Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine Kyungpook National University and Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Gwan Jin Park
- Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hanna Yoon
- Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Park
- Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Do Shin
- Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Park GJ, Ro YS, Yoon H, Lee SGW, Jung E, Moon SB, Kim SC, Shin SD. Serum vitamin E level and functional prognosis after traumatic brain injury with intracranial injury: A multicenter prospective study. Front Neurol 2022; 13:1008717. [PMID: 36341128 PMCID: PMC9627300 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1008717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health problem with high mortality and disability. Vitamin E, one of the antioxidants for treatment of TBI, has not been sufficiently evaluated for predicting prognosis of TBI. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of vitamin E on functional outcomes of TBI patients with intracranial injury. Methods A multi-center prospective cohort study was conducted in five university hospitals between 2018 and 2020. Adult TBI patients who visited the emergency department (ED) with intracranial hemorrhage or diffuse axonal injury confirmed by radiological examination were eligible. Serum vitamin E levels (mg/dL) were categorized into 4 groups: low (0.0–5.4), low-normal (5.5–10.9), high-normal (11.0–16.9), and high (17.0–). Study outcomes were set as 1- and 6-month disability (Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) 1–4). Multilevel logistic regression analysis was conducted to calculate the adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of vitamin E for related outcomes. Results Among 550 eligible TBI patients with intracranial injury, the median (IQR) of serum vitamin E was 10.0 (8.0–12.3) mg/dL; 204/550 (37.1%) had 1-month disability and 197/544 (36.1%) had 6-month disability of GOS 1–4. Compared with the high-normal group, the odds of 1-month disability and 6-month disability increased in the low and low-normal group (AORs (95% CIs): 3.66 (1.62–8.27) and 2.60 (1.15–5.85) for the low group and 1.63 (1.08–2.48) and 1.60 (1.04–2.43) for the low-normal group, respectively). Conclusion Low serum vitamin E level was associated with poor prognosis at 1 and 6 months after TBI with intracranial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwan Jin Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sun Ro
- Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Young Sun Ro
| | - Hanna Yoon
- Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Stephen Gyung Won Lee
- Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eujene Jung
- Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Bae Moon
- Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine Kyungpook National University and Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chul Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Do Shin
- Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Jung E, Ro YS, Park JH, Moon SB, Lee SGW, Park GJ, Ryu HH, Shin SD. Vitamin D Deficiency and Prognosis after Traumatic Brain Injury with Intracranial Injury: A Multi-Center Observational Study. J Neurotrauma 2022; 39:1408-1416. [PMID: 35678067 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D may be important for neuroprotection after traumatic brain injury (TBI) by modifying the inflammatory response. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiency and functional and survival outcomes in patients with TBI and intracranial injury. This study was a prospective multi-center cohort study conducted on adult TBI patients, with intracranial hemorrhage or diffuse axonal injury confirmed by radiological examination, admitted to five participating emergency departments (EDs) from December 2018 to June 2020. The study outcomes were good functional recovery at hospital discharge and survival at 6-months after injury. The primary exposure was serum vitamin D deficiency (0-10 ng/mL). Multi-level logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the association between vitamin D deficiency and the study outcomes. Among 606 patients, 101 (16.7%) patients had vitamin D deficiency at the time of ED arrival. Good functional recovery was observed in 65.2% (395/606) of total population, and this proportion was significantly lower in the vitamin D deficiency group than the non-deficiency group (56.4 vs. 66.9%, p = 0.04, adjusted odds ratio (OR; 95% confidence interval [CI]): 0.56 (0.36-0.88)). Overall survival rate at 6 months after injury was 79.5% (434/546), and patients with vitamin D deficiency had significantly lower likelihood of survival at 6 months than patients without deficiency [75.0 vs. 80.3%, adjusted OR (95% CI): 0.59 (0.39-0.89)]. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with poor functional outcomes at hospital discharge and mortality at 6-months after injury in TBI patients with intracranial hemorrhage or diffuse axonal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eujene Jung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.,Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Sun Ro
- Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Park
- Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Bae Moon
- Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine Kyungpook National University and Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Stephen Gyung Won Lee
- Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gwan Jin Park
- Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Ryu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.,Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Do Shin
- Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Jang TC, Moon SB, Ryoo HW. Long-term benefits of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training using real time visual feedback manikins. Resuscitation 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2019.06.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kim YS, Kang SJ, Kim JW, Cho HR, Moon SB, Kim KY, Lee HS, Han CH, Ku SK, Lee YJ. Effects of Polycan, a β-glucan, on experimental periodontitis and alveolar bone loss in Sprague-Dawley rats. J Periodontal Res 2012; 47:800-10. [PMID: 22780690 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2012.01502.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Polycan is a promising candidate for the treatment of periodontal disease. This study was undertaken to examine whether Polycan, a type of β-glucan, has a protective effect on ligature-induced experimental periodontitis and related alveolar bone loss in Sprague-Dawley rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Polycan was orally administered, daily, for 10 d, at 21.25, 42.5 or 85 mg/kg, beginning 1 d after ligation. Changes in body weight and alveolar bone loss were monitored, and the anti-inflammatory effects of Polycan were determined by measuring the levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in gingival tissue. We also evaluated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations as a measure of the antioxidant effect. RESULTS Ligature placement led to a marked decrease in body weight, increased alveolar bone loss and increased concentrations of MPO, IL-1β, TNF-α and MDA, as well as increased iNOS activity and inflammatory cell infiltration and decreased collagen-fiber content. Histological examination revealed increases in the number and activity of osteoclast cells, decreases in alveolar bone volume and elevated percentages of osteclasts on the alveolar bone surface. Daily oral treatment with 42.5 or 85 mg/kg of Polycan for 10 d led to significant, dose-dependent inhibition of the effect of ligature placement. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results suggest that 10 d of oral treatment with Polycan effectively inhibits ligature placement-induced periodontitis and related alveolar bone loss via an antioxidant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Daegu Health College, Daegu, Korea
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Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess the long-term clinical outcomes and bowel function of patients with total colonic aganglionosis (TCA) after surgery. METHODS The hospital records of 17 TCA patients treated surgically during 1985 to 2004 were reviewed. Long-term follow-up was done by telephone interviews with the parents. RESULTS Primary enterostomy was performed in 13 (76%) patients. In three (17%) patients, TCA was not suspected initially. They underwent conservative surgery primarily, which required a second operation soon after. One had transverse colectomy with ileostomy. By pathologic review, nine (53%) patients had small bowel involvement of aganglionosis. Six (35%) patients died before corrective surgery. They all had extensive small bowel involvement. Among 11 patients who had a corrective operation, 10 were treated with Martin's procedure. Long-term (mean 74 months) follow-up was available in seven patients, and the mean weight-for-age percentiles was 27.1% (range 5-50%), the frequency of defecation was three to five times a day in four patients (57%), one or two times a day in two patients (28%), and more than five times a day in one patient (15%). CONCLUSIONS TCA is difficult to diagnose; but once it is diagnosed correctly and treated by corrective surgery, outcomes seem promising. Martin's operation brought about a good outcome and enabled patients to have acceptable bowel habits. The prognosis is highly dependent on the extent of aganglionosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Choe
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 28 Yongon-Dong, 110-744, Seoul, Korea.
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Srivastava AK, Putnak JR, Lee SH, Hong SP, Moon SB, Barvir DA, Zhao B, Olson RA, Kim SO, Yoo WD, Towle AC, Vaughn DW, Innis BL, Eckels KH. A purified inactivated Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine made in Vero cells. Vaccine 2001; 19:4557-65. [PMID: 11483284 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(01)00208-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A second generation, purified, inactivated vaccine (PIV) against Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus was produced and tested in mice where it was found to be highly immunogenic and protective. The JE-PIV was made from an attenuated strain of JE virus propagated in certified Vero cells, purified, and inactivated with formalin. Its manufacture followed current GMP guidelines for the production of biologicals. The manufacturing process was efficient in generating a high yield of virus, essentially free of contaminating host cell proteins and nucleic acids. The PIV was formulated with aluminum hydroxide and administered to mice by subcutaneous inoculation. Vaccinated animals developed high-titered JE virus neutralizing antibodies in a dose dependent fashion after two injections. The vaccine protected mice against morbidity and mortality after challenge with live, virulent, JE virus. Compared with the existing licensed mouse brain-derived vaccine, JE-Vax, the Vero cell-derived JE-PIV was more immunogenic and as effective as preventing encephalitis in mice. The JE-PIV is currently being tested for safety and immunogenicity in volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Srivastava
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Division of Communicable Diseases and Immunology, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
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Abstract
We present two schemes for planning the time-optimal trajectory for cooperative multi-manipulator system (CMMS) carrying a common object. We assume that the desired path is given and parameterizable by an arclength variable. Both approaches take into account the dynamics of the manipulators and object. The first approach employs linear programming techniques, and it allows us to obtain the time-optimal execution of the given task utilizing the maximum torque capacities of the joint motors. The second approach is a sub-time-optimal method that is computationally very efficient. In the second approach the given load is divided into a share for each robot in the CMMS in a manner in which the trajectory acceleration/deceleration is maximized, hence the trajectory execution time is minimized. This load distribution approach uses optimization schemes that degenerate to a linear search algorithm for the case of two robots manipulating a common load, and this results in significant reduction of computation time. The load distribution scheme not only enables us to reduce the computation time, but also gives us the possibility of applying this method in real-time planning and control of CMMS. Further, we show that for certain object trajectories the load distribution scheme yields truly time-optimal trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Moon
- Sch. of Electr. Eng., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN
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Moon SB, Ishikuma T, Kaufman AS. Joint factor analysis of the K-ABC and McCarthy Scales. Percept Mot Skills 1987; 65:699-704. [PMID: 3438113 DOI: 10.2466/pms.1987.65.3.699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A joint-factor analysis was conducted using three major scales of the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities and eight Kaufman-ABC sub-tests as variables. Subjects were 90 children ages 4 to 8 1/2 yr. The screen test produced three significant factors, each interpretable from the Kaufman-ABC model. McCarthy Verbal scale was closely associated with the Achievement/Verbal factor; McCarthy Perceptual performance scale loaded highly on the Simultaneous Processing dimension; and McCarthy Quantitative was associated with all three factors. These results provide useful guidelines for interpreting a child's performance on each Index of the McCarthy scales in terms of the mental processing approach used to solve the task. However, the psychometric results must be coordinated with the examiner's clinical observations of the child's problem-solving strategies during administration of the McCarthy scales to understand more completely the processing demands of the Verbal, Perceptual performance, and Quantitative Scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Moon
- University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa 35487-9782
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Moon SB. Improved efficiency and cost savings. Healthc Comput Commun 1984; 1:32-6. [PMID: 10310758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Moon SB. Comment on orphan drugs. Drug Intell Clin Pharm 1983; 17:912. [PMID: 6653411 DOI: 10.1177/106002808301701216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Moon SB. Justification: the initial step in the expansion of a pharmacy service. Hosp Pharm 1981; 16:98-100, 102. [PMID: 10309347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The tactics used by a director of pharmacy to get a new program approved are discussed. These include the use of justifications, both oral and written, the development of interpersonal relationship, the formation of coalitions with other department heads, timing, and various types of analysis. Some of the dangers of a written justification are emphasized. Among the precautions to be borne in mind are underestimating the abilities of the administrator, being too optimistic in one's predictions, being too conservative when planning the program, and not having a series of proposals for pharmacy expansion available at all times.
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